准确把握GRE阅读文章主旨脉络.doc
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1、准确把握GRE阅读文章主旨脉络 准确把握GRE阅读*主旨脉络, 应从这2个方面入手,我们来看看吧,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。准确把握GRE阅读*主旨脉络应从这2个方面入手从*整体入手首先说一下从整体入手。所谓整体,指的是GRE*的框架结构。具体来说,虽然GRE*的题材广泛,学术高深,尤其是自然科学题材,但是它有很强的模式:典型的论证*。正是因为如此,GRE*的阅读从一开始就注定与一般阅读有天壤之别。这里要强调一点:*的主题与结构本身的重要性远甚于*内容的重要性。在GRE阅读中,不管*如何千奇百怪,都可归纳成三种演进方式:a,结论 解释;b,旧观点 新观点;C,现象或疑难问题 解决方案和解
2、释(有时惟一,有时不惟一)。在这个基础上,每篇*中都能找出一个总结全文的主题句(topics Sentence)。例如对于新旧观点对立型的*,新观点即为主题句。把握好每篇*的结构以及每篇*的核心,对于经过培训的GRE考生来说并不困难。GRE复习如何结合机经用法?从细节入手说完了整体结构,接下来就要谈谈细节。*细节,一般指的是那些值得考生特别花心思去记住的关键点。GRE阅读*中,有无相关背景不重要,而在每篇考试*中都会或多或少地出现一些关键信息点。例如,作者在论证出自己的正或负态度过程中举过什么重点例子;作者在评价中有没有一些极端型评价,如最后、惟一之类考生只需记住出现这些语言现象的行数,其具体
3、内容在做题回来定位时再看也不迟。总之,这些考试*中,最重要的是作者在说什么内容(理论解释,还是疑问回答)?这些内容有什么中心事物的代表(A,B,C还是X,Y,Z)?另外,一切*细节如人物地点、器具、物质都已经虚化成监狱犯人一样的字母和数字。只要能通过阅读把握住这些信息点,考生在解题时就能快速找到核心要点,而不用再回到*里去大海捞针。总而言之,GRE阅读*虽然篇幅长内容深,但只要大家能够通过练习掌握从整体和细节这两方面入手的阅读技巧,想要做好阅读也并非难事。希望上文内容能够给大家带来一些启发和帮助。GRE课外阅读材料大补充 中国水资源紧缺 滴滴珍贵CHINA endures choking sm
4、og, mass destruction of habitats and food poisoned with heavymetals. But ask an environmentalist what is the countrys biggest problem, and the answer isalways the same. “Water is the worst,” says Wang Tao, of the Carnegie-Tsinghua Centre inBeijing, “because of its scarcity, and because of its pollut
5、ion.” “Water,” agrees Pan Jiahua, ofthe Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. “People cant survive in a desert.” Wang Shucheng, aformer water minister, once said: “To fight for every drop of water or die: that is the challengefacing China.”中国正遭受着持续雾霾、栖息地大规模破坏以及食品重金属中毒等问题。然而,当问起环境专家“什么是中国最大的问题”时,得到的答案通
6、常如出一辙。北京清华-卡耐基中心的王涛答道:“水资源问题最为严重,一方面由于水资源缺乏,另一方面由于它的污染状况。” “水资源,”中国社科院潘家华表示认同,“人们不能在沙漠中生存。”前水利部部长汪恕诚曾说:“中国面临的挑战就是要珍惜每一滴水,否则就是灭亡。”He was not exaggerating. A stock image of China is a fisherman and his cormorant on a placidlake. The reality is different. The country uses 600 billion cubic metres (21,2
7、00 billion cubic feet)of water a year, or about 400 cubic metres a personone-quarter of what the averageAmerican uses and less than half the international definition of water stress.他并非夸大其词。人们脑海中的中国印象是平静湖面上的渔民和他的鸬鹚。现实却大相径庭。中国水资源的年消耗量达6000亿立方米(212,000亿立方英尺),即约每人400立方米为美国人平均使用量的四分之一,不到国际公认的用水紧张线的一半。Th
8、e national average hides an even more alarming regional disparity. Four-fifths of Chinaswater is in the south, notably the Yangzi river basin. Half the people and two-thirds of thefarmland are in the north, including the Yellow River basin. Beijing has the sort of waterscarcity usually associated wi
9、th Saudi Arabia: just 100 cubic metres per person a year. Thewater table under the capital has dropped by 300 metres (nearly 1,000 feet) since the 1970s.全国平均用水量背后的地区差异更为令人担忧。中国五分之四的水资源位于南方,尤其是长江流域。一半人口以及三分之二的耕地则位于北方,其中包括黄河流域。北京的水荒常被与沙特阿拉伯的相比较:人均年用水量仅为100立方米。自从20世纪70年代以来,首都的地下水位已下降约300米(1,000英尺左右)。这篇
10、阅读材料还有MP3音频哦!下载传送门China is using up water at an unsustainable rate. Thanks to overuse, rivers simply disappear.The number of rivers with significant catchment areas has fallen from more than 50,000 in the1950s to 23,000 now. As if that were not bad enough, China is polluting what little water it has
11、left. The Yellow River is often called the cradle of Chinese civilisation. In 20XX the Yellow RiverConservancy Commission, a government agency, surveyed 13,000 kilometres (8,000 miles) ofthe river and its tributaries and concluded that a third of the water is unfit even for agriculture.Four thousand
12、 petrochemical plants are built on its banks.中国正以一种难以长期持续的速度消耗水资源。过度使用使河流几近干涸。重要集水区的河流数量已从50年代的50,000条减至如今的23,000条。仿佛事态还不够严重,中国仅存的河流也正遭受污染。黄河常被称为中华文明的摇篮。20XX年,政府组织黄河保护委员会调查了13,000公里(8,000英里)的黄河及其支流,结论是三分之一的水域不甚健康,甚至无法用于农业生产。4000家石油化工厂矗立黄河两岸。The water available for use is thus atrocious. Song Lanhe,
13、chief engineer for urban water-quality monitoring at the housing ministry, says only half the water sources in cities are safe todrink. More than half the groundwater in the north China plain, according to the land ministry,cannot be used for industry, while seven-tenths is unfit for human contact,
14、ie, even forwashing. In late 20XX the Chinese media claimed that 300 corpses were found floating in theYellow River near Lanzhou, the latest of roughly 10,000 victimsmost of them (according tothe local police) suicideswhose bodies have been washing downstream since the 1960s.可用水如此匮乏。建设部城市水质监测中心总工程师宋
15、兰合说,城市水资源中仅有一半能供人安全饮用。据土地管理局称,超过半数中国北部平原的地下水不能用于工业,同时,七成的水不适于与人体接触,也就是说,这些水甚至无法用于洗涤。20XX年下半年,中国媒体曝出在黄河兰州段附近发现300具浮尸。自60年代以来约10,000名新受害者(据当地警方称,其中多为自杀)的尸体顺流而下。In 20XX the World Bank put the overall cost of Chinas water crisis at 2.3% of GDP, mostlyreflecting damage to health. Water shortages also imp
16、eril plans to expand energy production,threatening economic growth. China is hoping to follow America into a shale-gas revolution.But each shale-gas well needs 15,000 tonnes of water a year to run. China is also planning tobuild around 450 new coal-fired power stations, burning 1.2 billion tonnes of
17、 coal a year. Thestations have to be cooled by water and the coal has to be washed. The grand total is 9 billiontonnes of water. China does not have that much available. According to the World ResourcesInstitute, a think-tank in Washington, DC, half the new coal-fired plants are to be built in areas
18、of high or extremely high water stress.20XX年,世界银行认为中国在水危机上的总支出占GDP的2.3%,这在很大程度上反映出水资源状况对健康之危害。水资源短缺同样危及扩大能源生产,对经济增长造成威胁。中国希望能跟随美国进入天然气时代。然而,一个天然气井需一年15,000吨水来运转。中国也正在计划建造约450座新的燃煤发电站,一年燃烧12亿吨煤炭。发电站需要用水冷却,而煤炭需要用水清洗。总需水量达90亿吨。供不应求。据位于华盛顿的智囊组织世界资源协会称,一半的新燃煤发电站建造于水资源紧缺或极度紧缺的地区。The best answer would be t
19、o improve the efficiency with which water is used. Only about 40%of water used in industry is recycled, half as much as in Europe. The rest is dumped in riversand lakes. Wang Zhansheng of Tsinghua University argues that China is neglecting its urbanwater infrastructure (sewerage, pipes and water-tre
20、atment plants), leading to more waste.Water prices in most cities are only about a tenth of the level in big European cities, yet thegovernment is reluctant to raise them, for fear of a popular backlash.The result is that Chinas “water productivity” is low. For each cubic metre of water used,China g
21、ets $8-worth of output. The average for European countries is $58 per cubic metre. Ofcourse, these countries are richerbut they are not seven times richer.最好的办法是提升水的利用效率。只有约4成工业用水循环使用,该比例仅为欧洲的一半。而余下的则被弃于江河之中。清华大学王占生认为中国忽视城市水利基建(污水、管道和污水净化厂)导致更多浪费。大部分城市的水费仅为欧洲大城市的十分之一,而政府由于担心民众反对,则不愿涨价。造成的结果是中国的“水分生产
22、率”低下。每立方米水产出值为8美元。而欧洲国家平均产出值为58美元。当然,这些国家更为富有但不至于富裕七倍。Rather than making sensible and eminently doable reforms in pricing and water conservation,China is focusing on increasing supplies. For decades the country has been ruled by engineers,many of them hydraulic engineers (including the previous pres
23、ident, Hu Jintao). Partly as aresult, Communist leaders have reacted to water problems by building engineering projects on amind-boggling scale.The best known such project is the Three Gorges dam on the Yangzi. But this year an evenvaster project is due to start. Called the South-North Water Diversi
24、on Project, it will link theYangzi with the Yellow River, taking water from the humid south to the parched north. Whenfinished, 3,000km of tunnels and canals will have been drilled through mountains, across plainsand under rivers. Its hydrologic and environmental consequences could be enormouslyharm
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