TED演讲选择越多,困惑越多 英文稿.docx
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1、TED演讲选择越多,困惑越多 英文稿Im going to talk to you about some stuff thats in this book of mine that I hope will resonate with other things youve already heard, and Ill try to make some connections myself, in case you miss them. I want to start with what I call the official dogma. The official dogma of what?
2、The official dogma of all western industrial societies. And the official dogma runs like this: if we are interested in maximizing the welfare of our citizens, the way to do that is to maximize individual freedom. The reason for this is both that freedom is in and of itself good, valuable, worthwhile
3、, essential to being human. And because if people have freedom, then each of us can act on our own to do the things that will maximize our welfare, and no one has to decide on our behalf. The way to maximize freedom is to maximize choice. The more choice people have, the more freedom they have, and
4、the more freedom they have, the more welfare they have. This, I think, is so deeply embedded in the water supply that it wouldnt occur to anyone to question it. And its also deeply embedded in our lives. Ill give you some examples of what modern progress has made possible for us. This is my supermar
5、ket. Not such a big one. I want to say just a word about salad dressing. 175 salad dressings in my supermarket, if you dont count the 10 different extra-virgin olive oils and 12 balsamic vinegars you could buy to make a very large number of your own salad dressings, in the off chance that none of th
6、e 175 the store has on offer suit you. So this is what the supermarket is like. And then you go to the consumer electronics store to set up a stereo system - speakers, CD player, tape player, tuner, amplifier. And in this one single consumer electronics store, there are that many stereo systems. We
7、can construct six and a half million different stereo systems out of the components that are on offer in one store. Youve got to admit thats a lot of choice. In other domains - the world of communications. There was a time, when I was a boy, when you could get any kind of telephone service you wante
8、d, as long as it came from Ma Bell. You rented your phone. You didnt buy it. One consequence of that, by the way, is that the phone never broke. And those days are gone. We now have an almost unlimited variety of phones, especially in the world of cell phones. These are cell phones of the future. My
9、 favorite is the middle one - the MP3 player, nose hair trimmer, and creme brulee torch. And if by some chance you havent seen that in your store yet, you can rest assured that one day soon you will. And what this does is it leads people to walk into their stores asking this question. And do you kno
10、w what the answer to this question now is? The answer is No. It is not possible to buy a cell phone that doesnt do too much. So, in other aspects of life that are much more significant than buying things, The same explosion of choice is true. Health care - it is no longer the case in the United Stat
11、es that you go to the doctor, and the doctor tells you what to do. Instead, you go to the doctor, and the doctor tells you, well, we could do A, or we could do B. A has these benefits, and these risks. B has these benefits, and these risks. What do you want to do? And you say, Doc, what should I do?
12、 And the doc says, A has these benefits and risks, and B has these benefits and risks. What do you want to do? And you say, If you were me, Doc, what would you do? And the doc says, But Im not you. And the result is - we call it patient autonomy, which makes it sound like a good thing. But what it r
13、eally is is a shifting of the burden and the responsibility for decision-making from somebody who knows something - namely the doctor - to somebody who knows nothing and is almost certainly sick and thus not in the best shape to be making decisions - namely the patient. Theres enormous marketing of
14、prescription drugs to people like you and me, which, if you think about it, makes no sense at all, since we cant buy them. Why do they market to us if we cant buy them? The answer is that they expect us to call our doctors the next morning and ask prescriptions to be changed. Something as dramatic a
15、s our identity has now become a matter of choice, as this slide is meant to indicate. We dont inherit an identity, we get to invent it. And we get to re-invent ourselves as often as we like. And that means that every day when you wake up in the morning, you have to decide what kind of person you wan
16、t to be. With respect to marriage and family, there was a time when the default assumption that almost everyone had is that you got married as soon as you could, and then you started having kids as soon as you could. The only real choice was who, not when, and not what you did after. Nowadays, every
17、thing is very much up for grabs. I teach wonderfully intelligent students, and I assign 20 percent less work than I used to. And its not because theyre less smart, and its not because theyre less diligent. Its because they are preoccupied, asking themselves, Should I get married or not? Should I get
18、 married now? Should I get married later? Should I have kids first, or a career first? All of these are consuming questions. And theyre going to answer these questions, whether or not it means not doing all the work I assign and not getting a good grade in my courses. And indeed they should. These a
19、re important questions to answer. Work - we are blessed, as Carl was pointing out, with the technology that enables us to work every minute of every day from any place on the planet - except the Randolph Hotel. (Laughter) There is one corner, by the way, that Im not going to tell anybody about, wher
20、e the WiFi works. Im not telling you about it because I want to use it. So what this means, this incredible freedom of choice we have with respect to work, is that we have to make a decision, again and again and again, about whether we should or shouldnt be working. We can go to watch our kid play s
21、occer, and we have our cell phone on one hip, and our Blackberry on our other hip, and our laptop, presumably, on our laps. And even if theyre all shut off, every minute that were watching our kid mutilate a soccer game, we are also asking ourselves, Should I answer this cell phone call? Should I re
22、spond to this email? Should I draft this letter? And even if the answer to the question is no, its certainly going to make the experience of your kids soccer game very different than it wouldve been. So everywhere we look, big things and small things, material things and lifestyle things, life is a
23、matter of choice. And the world we used to live in looked like this. That is to say, there were some choices, but not everything was a matter of choice. And the world we now live in looks like this. And the question is, is this good news, or bad news? And the answer is yes. (Laughter) We all know wh
24、ats good about it, so Im going to talk about whats bad about it. All of this choice has two effects, two negative effects on people. One effect, paradoxically, is that it produces paralysis, rather than liberation. With so many options to choose from, people find it very difficult to choose at all.
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