《阅读细理解》PPT课件.ppt

Reading Comprehension,【备考策略】一、高中阅读理解常见问题 1.词汇量较少，形成理解障碍；2.逐字逐句查字典，阅读效率不高；3.缺乏句子结构分析能力，从而造成理解有误；4.不能正确理解作者意图；5.没有上下文意识，总是就题论题；6.阅读时不善于略读、查读，而只善于精读。,词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读中三个最重要并且有相互联系的因素。,阅读的方法可以使用以下几种：,1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。,二、提高阅读理解能力 1扩大词汇量是提高阅读能力的基础。高中阶段的阅读要求学生掌握3,500左右的词汇。有相当一部分学生的词汇十分贫乏，由此导致了阅读困难。因此，词汇量的扩大是提高阅读能力的基础。,2激发阅读兴趣是关键。这就要求在阅读理解文章的选材中要有所考虑，譬如：要多选符合高中生兴趣爱好的文章，文章要有时代特色，难度要适中。3.精读泛读相结合是一种有效的手段。教材是最好的精读材料，需要认认真真反复阅读.这些都为泛读打下了扎实的基础。,4.分类阅读，循序渐进是提高阅读能力的有效途径。分类阅读就是把文章按体裁分类，如说明文类、记叙文类、应用文类、议论文类等；或按内容分类，如人物类、地理类、历史类、新闻报道类、广告类、科普类等。5听说读写互相促进是有力的保障。听说读写互相促进，循序训练，在平时的训练中，除了重视阅读和写作教学外，还应该重视听说教学。6.加强“限时阅读”。坚持“持之以恒”是提高阅读能力的必经之路。在平时的阅读训练中要规定时间，只有平时加强这种训练，才能使学生在高考考场的紧张气氛中从容应答。对阅读训练，一定要做到持之以恒。,三.阅读理解,A Easter(复活节)is still a great day for worship,candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs,but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.And no,not because the kids like to pull their ears.The culprit is climate change,and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US,Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit,for instance.An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys,this species of cottontail is a great swimmer-it lives on the islands!-but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea levels.According to the Center for Biological Diversity,an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these ys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat(栖息地)completely.The snowshoe hare,on the other hand,has a color issue.Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer,each designed to give them better cover from predators(I)As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country,however,more and more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring,making them an easier mark for predators.Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight,but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question.The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.,American pikas or rock rabbits,a relative of rabbits and hares,might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change.About 7-8 inches long,pikas live high in the cool.damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains.As global temperatures rise,they would naturally migrate(J2)to higher ground-but they already occupy the mountaintops.They cant go any higher.The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat heats up.The volcano rabbit has the same problem.These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico,and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters,but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher,so they are stuck in the middle.Scientists are concerned about their populations.Native to the US,pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West.They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world.Their habitats have been destroyed by development.Several populations,such as the Columbia Basin pygmy,almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs.Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators,but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.,41.The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to A.show the importance of Easter Day B.introduce the issue about bunnies C.remind people of Easter traditions D.discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies42.The word“culprit”(Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to_ A.criminal B.judge C.victim D.producer 43.According to the passage,some rabbits can now be easily discovered by predators because they A.are exposed to more skillful hunters B.have moved to habitats with fewer plants C.havent adapted themselves to climate change D.cant change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring44.The problem faced by volcano rabbits and rock rabbits is that A.both are affected by less snow B.both are affected by rising sea levels C.neither can find enough food D.neither can migrate to higher places45.Which best describes the writers tone in the passage?A.Approving.B.Concerned.C.Enthusiastic.D.Doubtful.,【推理判断题】,【词义猜测题】,【事实细节题】,【事实细节题】,【推理判断题】,2013,2014,2015,阅读理解四步曲,一、先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章.二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，注意领会文章的寓意,初选答案四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。,题型及解题技巧,细节理解,.Honey(蜂蜜)from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar,it is also delicious.Most people,and many animals,like eating it.However,the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest(巢)and take the honey from it.Often,these nests are high up in trees,and it is difficult to find them.In parts of Africa,though,people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helpera little bird called a honey guide.,56.Why is it difficult to find a wild bees nest?A.Its small in size.B.Its hidden in trees.C.Its covered with wax.D.Its hard to recognize.,【考点】细节理解题此类题型一般分两种情况：直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案，)以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换。有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理如计算、排序、判断、比较等。）,【点拨】细节理解题的三个步骤：浏览全文，了解信息。快速通读全文，了解不同信息间的差异抓关键词，快速寻读。从题干中抓住关键性词语，通过略读和寻读在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息，找到后，认真比较选项和文中细节反复品味，在准确理解该细节的前提下，排除干扰项，从而确定答案。,回读信息，验证答案。确定答案后，必须回读原文，再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。,全国卷B.Sailing into the wind is not possible.If you try,the sail will flap and the boat will stop.You may want to go in that direction.It is possible,but you cant go in a straight line.You must go first in one direction and then in another.This is called tacking.When you are tacking,you must always keep the sail inside the boat.,47.What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?A.Move in a straight line.B.Allow the sail to flap.C.Lower the sail.D.Tack the boat.,常见问题形式有：,1.According to the passage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/how many,etc.?2.According to the passage,which of the following is true/not true?3.According to the passage,Which of the following is not mentioned?4.All of the following are true EXCEPT _.5.In the passage the writer states that _.6.Choose the best order in which the people do_.,三正一误,三误一正,直接事实,Now when we meet in the hall we all speak in a friendly manner.Last night we had about 4 inches of snow.When I opened the outside door,there was my car with all the snow removed.The man next door was the only person I knew in the whole building,so when I saw him the next day,I asked him if he was the nice person that removed the snow.He said No.He wanted to,but his wife said she wanted to do it.Isnt it amazing that the small kind act of a 4-year-old girl can change so many things for the better.,3Who removed the snow on the authors car?AThe girl.BThe girls father.CThe girls mother.DThe author himself.,C Hints on SafetyNearly everyone is attracted to water,whether it is the sea,canals,rivers or the village pond.Beautiful as it is,water should be regarded with respect as it can be hazardous.Around 300 children up to the age of ten die each year from drowning.It should be every parents responsibility to ensure that both he and the child can swim and that as the child gets older,he has some knowledge of life-saving and artificial respiration(人工呼吸).,14.What does the writer think that parents should make sure their children know?A.How to be able to save his or her own life.B.How to get older through knowledge of artificial respiration.C.How to swim and breathe under water.D.How to swim and how to save other peoples lives if they get into trouble in the water.,Life gets noisier every day and very few people can be free from noise of some sort or another.It doesnt matter where you live-in the middle of a modern city,or a faraway village-the chances are that you 11 be disturbed by jet planes,transistor radios,oil-powered engines,etc.We seem to be getting used to noise,too.Some people feel quite lonely without background music while theyre working.,One recent report about noise and concentration(专心)suggested that although a lot of people say that any noise disturbs their concentration,what really influences their ability to concentrate is a change in the level of noise.It goes on to say that a background noise which doesnt change too much(music,eg)may even help people to concentrate.,14.Which of the following isnt included among the things causing noise?A.trucks B.motorcycles C.electric engines D.jet planes 15.Scientists have discovered that what prevents people from concentrating on something is _.A.all kinds of noise B.great changes in the level of noise C.background noiseD.popular music,In the early nineteenth century,people did not use stamps.They had to pay postage when they received letters.They were unhappy about this,especially when they paid for a letter which they did not wish to receive at all.The postage was high at that time,because the post offices had to send many people to collect the postage.,2.Before stamps were used,postage _.A.was paid by the letter-posters B.was paid by the letter-receivers C.was collected by postmen D.Both B and C,8.The writer thinks many people dont live near the north or south pole because _.A.they cant get enough food thereB.the natural sights there dont attract peopleC.the unpleasant weather keeps them awayD.the length of nighttime is too short or too long,7.What are the main reasons that influence the distribution of people?Resources and oceans.Climate and rivers.Climate and resources.Warm conditions and rainfall.,The two main factors that influence people choice of location are climate and resources.Climate is the usual weather conditions in a region.Areas that have bad weather are generally less ideal as places to live in.The north and south poles at the top and bottom of the world may be beautiful in their rugged,natural way,but the disadvantage of the bitterly cold and windy conditions usually keeps people away.When it comes to climate,warm conditions and a normal amount of rainfall are advantage that attract people.,间接事实,The first time I went to Ecuador,I went there because it was cheap.If it wasnt,I would have had a great timesomewhere else.The trip lasted a month,and cost$1045,which included airfare and even the$130 fee for a guide to take me to the top or glacier(冰川)covered Mount Chimborazo.I cut the cost by taking a bus from my home in Michigan to Miami,and back again when I returned from Ecuador.The round-trip ticket cost$158.The round-trip flight to Quito from Miami was only$256,because it was a courier(信使，通讯员)flight,which meant I signed for some luggage(car parts),and could only take carry-on luggage.,2.The return tickets from his hometown to Quito cost the author _.A.$128 B.$256C.$207 D.$414,Tuition Fees(学费)Tuition fees are different from department to department,generally from$5,000 to$6,000 a year.For further information:tui waikatoacnz.Accommodation(住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat,which will cost about$100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person.For further information:acc waikatoacnz,You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A.$5,250 B.$8,000 C.$9,000 D.$11,000,$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费)x12=$8000,After his fathers death,Mark Twain began to work for a printer,who only provided him with food and clothing.Then,he worked as a printer,a river-boat pilot and later joined the army.But shortly after that he became a miner.During this period,he started to write short stories.Afterwards he became a full time writer.In 1870,Mark Twain got married.In the years that followed he wrote many books including Tom Sawyer in 1876,and Huckleberry Finn in 1884,which made him famous,and brought him great fortune.Unfortunately,Mark Twain got into debts(债务)in bad investments(投资)and he had to write large numbers of stories to pay these debts.In 1904,his wife died,and then three of his children passed away.,12.Which of the following shows the right order about Mark Twain?a.He became a miner.b.He worked as a printer.c.He got into debtsd.His father died.e.He became a full-time writer.f.He joined the army.A.a-d-b-c-e-fB.d-b-f-a-e-cC.d-a-f-e-b-cD.c-b-d-f-e-a,3.Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?Start the system b.Make a shopping listc.Find the things you want d.Go to a self-checkout standA.abcd B.bacd C.acbd D.bcad,People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.OnceAt the store,a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start aSystem that will organize the trip around the store.If youre looking For toothpicks,you type in the word or pick it from a list,and a mapwill appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.,深层理解,(全国卷A).Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take them out,stay outside with them.When youre cold enough to go inside,they probably are too.If you must leave them outside for a long time,make sure they have a warm,solid shelter against the wind,thick bedding,and plenty of non-frozen water.,42.Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?A.To know when to bring them inside.B.To keep them from eating bad food.C.To help them find shelters.D.To keep them company.,Thats because we group people by age.We put our three-year-olds together in day-care center,our 13-year-olds in school and sports activities,and our 80-year-olds in senior-citizen homes.Why?We live away from the old for many reasons:young people sometimes avoid the old to get rid of fears for aging and dying.It is much harder to watch someone we love disappear before our eyes.Sometimes its so hard that we stay away from the people who need us most.Fortunately,some of us have found our way to the old.And we have discovered that they often save the young.,12.The reason why old people are left alone may be that _.A.the old dont like to live in a big family B.the young cant get enough money to support the old C.different generations have different lifestyles D.the old are too weak to live with the young,(浙江卷A).,Late one evening,as my husband was snoozing(打盹),I was catching up on my e-mail,an instant message appeared on the screen.It was Margo,my oldest stepdaughter,also up late in front of her computer.We sent several messages back and forth,exchanging the latest news.When we chatted like that,she wouldnt necessarily know if it was me or her dad unless she asked.That night she didnt ask and I didnt tell her it was me either.After hearing the latest volleyball scores and the details about a coming dance at her school