《阅读细理解》PPT课件.ppt
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1、Reading Comprehension,【备考策略】一、高中阅读理解常见问题 1.词汇量较少,形成理解障碍;2.逐字逐句查字典,阅读效率不高;3.缺乏句子结构分析能力,从而造成理解有误;4.不能正确理解作者意图;5.没有上下文意识,总是就题论题;6.阅读时不善于略读、查读,而只善于精读。,词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读中三个最重要并且有相互联系的因素。,阅读的方法可以使用以下几种:,1.跳读:就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读,找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。2.略读:指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读,目的是了解
2、大意,对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。3.精读:即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法,目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。,二、提高阅读理解能力 1扩大词汇量是提高阅读能力的基础。高中阶段的阅读要求学生掌握3,500左右的词汇。有相当一部分学生的词汇十分贫乏,由此导致了阅读困难。因此,词汇量的扩大是提高阅读能力的基础。,2激发阅读兴趣是关键。这就要求在阅读理解文章的选材中要有所考虑,譬如:要多选符合高中生兴趣爱好的文章,文章要有时代特色,难度要适中。3.精读泛读相结合是一种有效的手段。教材是最好的精读材料,需要认认真真反复阅读.这些都为泛读打下了扎实的基础。,4
3、.分类阅读,循序渐进是提高阅读能力的有效途径。分类阅读就是把文章按体裁分类,如说明文类、记叙文类、应用文类、议论文类等;或按内容分类,如人物类、地理类、历史类、新闻报道类、广告类、科普类等。5听说读写互相促进是有力的保障。听说读写互相促进,循序训练,在平时的训练中,除了重视阅读和写作教学外,还应该重视听说教学。6.加强“限时阅读”。坚持“持之以恒”是提高阅读能力的必经之路。在平时的阅读训练中要规定时间,只有平时加强这种训练,才能使学生在高考考场的紧张气氛中从容应答。对阅读训练,一定要做到持之以恒。,三.阅读理解,A Easter(复活节)is still a great day for wor
4、ship,candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs,but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.And no,not because the kids like to pull their ears.The culprit is climate change,and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five specie
5、s of rabbit in the US,Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit,for instance.An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys,this species of cottontail is a great swimmer-it lives on the islands!-but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea levels.According to the Cente
6、r for Biological Diversity,an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these ys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat(栖息地)completely.The snowshoe hare,on the other hand,has a color issue.Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the winterti
7、me to brown in the summer,each designed to give them better cover from predators(I)As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country,however,more and more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring,making them an easier mark for predators.Resear
8、chers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight,but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question.The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.,American pikas or
9、rock rabbits,a relative of rabbits and hares,might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change.About 7-8 inches long,pikas live high in the cool.damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains.As global temperatures rise,they would naturally migrate(J2)to higher ground-but they alre
10、ady occupy the mountaintops.They cant go any higher.The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat heats up.The volcano rabbit has the same problem.These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico,and recent studies have sho
11、wn that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters,but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher,so they are stuck in the middle.Scientists are concerned about their populations.Native to the US,pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the Ameri
12、can West.They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world.Their habitats have been destroyed by development.Several populations,such as the Columbia Basin pygmy,almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs.Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the
13、 snow to escape predators,but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.,41.The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to A.show the importance of Easter Day B.introduce the issue about bunnies C
14、.remind people of Easter traditions D.discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies42.The word“culprit”(Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to_ A.criminal B.judge C.victim D.producer 43.According to the passage,some rabbits can now be easily discovered by predators because they A.are exposed to
15、more skillful hunters B.have moved to habitats with fewer plants C.havent adapted themselves to climate change D.cant change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring44.The problem faced by volcano rabbits and rock rabbits is that A.both are affected by less snow B.both are affected by r
16、ising sea levels C.neither can find enough food D.neither can migrate to higher places45.Which best describes the writers tone in the passage?A.Approving.B.Concerned.C.Enthusiastic.D.Doubtful.,【推理判断题】,【词义猜测题】,【事实细节题】,【事实细节题】,【推理判断题】,2013,2014,2015,阅读理解四步曲,一、先读问题,弄清考查要点,以便能带着问题看文章.二、快速浏览全文,掌握全貌,注意发现与
17、问题有关的信息三、细读原文,捕捉相关信息词,注意领会文章的寓意,初选答案四、重读原文,仔细斟酌核对答案。,题型及解题技巧,细节理解,.Honey(蜂蜜)from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar,it is also delicious.Most people,and many animals,like eating it.However,the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest(巢)and take the honey fr
18、om it.Often,these nests are high up in trees,and it is difficult to find them.In parts of Africa,though,people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helpera little bird called a honey guide.,56.Why is it difficult to find a wild bees nest?A.Its small in size.B.Its hidden in tre
19、es.C.Its covered with wax.D.Its hard to recognize.,【考点】细节理解题此类题型一般分两种情况:直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案,)以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换。有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理如计算、排序、判断、比较等。),【点拨】细节理解题的三个步骤:浏览全文,了解信息。快速通读全文,了解不同信息间的差异抓关键词,快速寻读。从题干中抓住关键性词语,通过略读和寻读在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息,找到后,认真比较选项和文中细节反复品味,在准确理解该细节的前提下,排除干扰项,从而确定答案。,回读信息,验证
20、答案。确定答案后,必须回读原文,再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。,全国卷B.Sailing into the wind is not possible.If you try,the sail will flap and the boat will stop.You may want to go in that direction.It is possible,but you cant go in a straight line.You must go first in one direction and then in another.This is called tacking.Whe
21、n you are tacking,you must always keep the sail inside the boat.,47.What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?A.Move in a straight line.B.Allow the sail to flap.C.Lower the sail.D.Tack the boat.,常见问题形式有:,1.According to the passage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/how many,etc.?2.Accordin
22、g to the passage,which of the following is true/not true?3.According to the passage,Which of the following is not mentioned?4.All of the following are true EXCEPT _.5.In the passage the writer states that _.6.Choose the best order in which the people do_.,三正一误,三误一正,直接事实,Now when we meet in the hall
23、we all speak in a friendly manner.Last night we had about 4 inches of snow.When I opened the outside door,there was my car with all the snow removed.The man next door was the only person I knew in the whole building,so when I saw him the next day,I asked him if he was the nice person that removed th
24、e snow.He said No.He wanted to,but his wife said she wanted to do it.Isnt it amazing that the small kind act of a 4-year-old girl can change so many things for the better.,3Who removed the snow on the authors car?AThe girl.BThe girls father.CThe girls mother.DThe author himself.,C Hints on SafetyNea
25、rly everyone is attracted to water,whether it is the sea,canals,rivers or the village pond.Beautiful as it is,water should be regarded with respect as it can be hazardous.Around 300 children up to the age of ten die each year from drowning.It should be every parents responsibility to ensure that bot
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