人教版英语必修一Unit-4-Earthquake知识点总结详解整理.doc

必修一Unit 4 Earthquake Section A&B&C1. a big earthquake一场大地震2. sth. happen to sb.某人发生了某事3. right away= at once= in no time立刻，马上4. 【辨析】rise“上升”，不及物动词，无被动rise-rose-risenraise(1) “上升，举起”，及物动词(2) “喂养”，例句：I raised a dog.我喂养了一只狗。5. crack (n.裂缝&v.破裂) A deep crack一道深深的裂缝 The glass cracked.玻璃破裂了。6. smelly gas有臭味的气体7. in the farmyard在农家庭院 on the farm在农场8. too.to.太.而不能.【拓展】表肯定：l (only/but/all/simply/just)+too+心理状态形容词/描述性形容词+to “非常” 心理状态形容词：anxious/eager/glad/pleased/thankful/delighted等描述性形容词： easy/good/kind等¬I'm only too delighted to accept your invitation.我非常高兴接受你的邀请。l not/never too.to.“做某事还不/决不太.” 例句：It's never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。【注意】can/could not.too/enough.“无论怎样也不过分，无论怎么都不够”¬You cant be too careful when crossing the road.过马路是，你再怎么小心也不为过。9. 现在分词短语做状语：表原因、时间、结果、条件、目的、让步、方式或伴随情况等。(1) 伴随状语¬He sat at the table reading China Daily.他坐在桌子旁看中国日报(2) 原因状语¬ Being ill, she didnt go to school as usual today.因为生病，她今天没像往常一样去上学。(3)时间状语¬Having persuaded him to change his mind, I went on a journey with him.说服他改变主意后，我跟他一块儿去旅行了。(4)结果状语¬The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.那位母亲去世了，给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。(5)条件状语¬Turning right, you will find the place you want.右转弯，你就会找到你要找的地方。(6)目的状语¬She was hugging her daughter, hoping to calm her down.她拥抱着她的女儿，希望能让她平静下来。【注意】现在分词否定式：not+现在分词现在分词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。10. a water pipe一个水管11. burst Ø v.(使)爆裂；(使)膨胀；爆发； burst-burst-burst The water pipe cracked and burst.Ø n.突发，爆发¬There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。Ø v.猛冲；突然出现 ¬He burst into the room without knocking.他没敲门就闯进了房间。【拓展】l burst into+名词=burst out doing 突然.起来¬burst into tears=burst out crying 突然哭起来/ burst into laughter=burst out laughing突然笑起来l burst in闯进l be bursting with充满；爆满 ¬The roads are bursting with cars.车辆把那些道路挤满了。l a burst of (突然)一阵12. million百万【用法】one million一百万 several million几百万 a dozen million一千两百万 millions of+名词 几百万. 【其他数字用法】tens of thousands of.数以万计的. hundreds of thousands of.几十万【其他表示数字的词】 dozen一打(十二) score(二十)13. event n.(1) 事件；(尤指)大事l current/the latest events当前事件/最新事件(2) (体育比赛等的)项目，赛事l one of the major sporting events of the year年度重大体育赛事之一【辨析】event重要事件；比赛项目The Asian Games were one of the major sporting events of the year.亚运会是年度重大体育赛事之一。accident偶然或意外发生的不幸事情Over 70,000 people are seriously injured every year in road accidents.每年在道路事故中受伤的人有七万多。incident小事件或附带事件政治上有影响的事件或事变The incident was noticed in a magazine.这一事件在一份杂志里出现了。14. think highly/much of sb. 重视，高度评价 think little/nothing of sb.几乎不考虑；对.不重视，忽视 think ill of认为.不好，说.坏话 think well of 认为.好，器重15. as if=as though+句子 “好像 even if= even though+句子 “尽管”【注意】(1)as if/though引导表语从句： 陈述语气：接近事实 一般过去时：与现在/将来事实相反连系动词look/seem/feel + as if/though +从句 虚拟语气 过去完成时：与过去事实相反¬It looks as if it will rain before long.看起来一会儿就要下雨了。(陈述语气)¬It seems as if he knew everything.他似乎是个万事通。(虚拟语气)(2) as if还可引导方式状语从句，用法与引导表语从句时类似。(3)as if用于省略句，结构为：as if+名词/不定式/分词等 ¬ He acts as if (he were) a fool.他做事像个傻子。16. at an end完毕，结束(在句中做表语)【拓展】in the end of. 在.末端 bring/put. to an end= bring/put an end to.使.终止 in the end=finally最终 come to an end结束17. 三分之一：one third 三分之二：two thirds 二又五分之三：two and three fifths【规则】分子在前，分母在后 分子基数词，分母序数词 分子大于等于2时，分母为复数形式【拓展】 可数名词复数+复数谓语Ø 分数/百分比+of + 可数名词单数+单数谓语 不可数名词+单数谓语¬More than 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.地球超过70%的表面被水覆盖。Ø Some of, plenty of, a lot of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of+名词作为主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据of后的名词或代词的单复数。¬A lot of parcels are transported to all over China during the “Double-11” festival every year.每年双十一期间，有大量包裹运往中国各地。¬A lot of money has been wasted for no reason.许多钱被无缘无故地浪费了。18. cut across横切，穿过，抄近路19. dirt不可数名词，且前面无冠词the20. ruin Ø (n.)废墟，断壁残垣，破灭(表“废墟，遗迹”时通常用复数ruins)¬We saw the ruins of the church.我们看到了这座教堂的废墟。【常用搭配】be/lie in ruins严重受损，破败不堪Ø v. 毁坏，毁灭，灭亡，使破产ruin sb./sth.¬Heavy smoke ruined his health.重度吸烟毁了他的健康。【拓展】go/come to ruin衰落，败落 fall into ruin衰落，败落 bring sth. to ruin使某物毁灭 bring sb. to ruin使某人破产 ruin oneself自我毁灭 ruin ones hopes使某人希望破灭【单复数意义不同的词】单数复数单数复数arm手臂arms武器green绿色greens青菜damage损害damages赔偿费force力量forces军队，兵力instruction指导instructions说明(书)sand沙子sands沙滩，沙地direction方向directions说明(书)spirit精神spirits情绪，心情work工作works著作，作品paper纸papers论文，试卷21. extreme adj.极度的(无比较级和最高级) extremely adv.极度地(无比较级和最高级)22. injured adj.受伤的 the injured受伤的人 injury n.受伤，伤害 injure (vt.)因意外事故造成的伤wound (vt./n.)刀伤，枪伤，刺伤，战场受伤hurt (vt./vi/n.)对肉体或心灵的伤害Harm (vt./n.)伤及健康、权力、事业等23. everywhere(无论什么地方)+句子 ¬Everywhere they looked, everything was destroyed.他们看到的所有地方，所有东西都被毁了。24. be gone消失了，没有了¬Their homes were gone.他们的家没有了。25. blow sth. away吹走，驱散 blow-blew-blown ¬No wind however, could blow them away.但是没有风可以吹走他们。26. shock v&n (1) v.使震惊；使难以置信 【搭配】 it shocked sb. to see/hear.看到/听到使某人震惊 ¬It shocked them to hear that the hospital was closing down. 听说这家医院即将关闭,他们惊讶不已。 (2) n.休克;打击;(令人)震惊(的事) l be a shock to sb.对某人来说是一个打击 l be in a state of shock惊魂未定/处于休克状态l suffer from shock陷入休克状态【单词积累】 (1) shocked adj.惊慢的，感到震惊的；愤慨的,十分厌恶的l be shocked at/by对感到震惊/被震惊l be shocked to do sth.对做某事感到震惊l shocked look/ expression/ voice震惊的表情/声音l stand in shocked silence惊愕地站着,一言不发l too shocked to talk愕然无语l be deeply shocked at her behaviour对她的行为深感厌恶(2) shocking adj.令人震惊的,令人憎恶的l the shocking news令人震惊的消息l Its shocking that. 是令人憎恶的27. rescue Ø vt.营救；援救rescue .from sth./doing sth.把.从.中救出来Ø n.援救，营救；救援行动come/go to ones rescue(=rescue sb.)援救/帮助某人rescue workers营救人员a rescue team一个救援队伍28. trapØ vt.使陷入困境；困住，关住 (trap-trapped-trapped)be trapped in.=be caught in.被困在.中，陷入.中trap sb. into doing sth.陷害/诱骗某人做某事Ø n.(捕捉动物的)陷阱；圈套，诡计；困境，牢笼29. last+一段时间 “持续了.” ¬The rescue work lasted a week.营救工作持续了一个星期。30. 【部分否定】表示全体意义的代词、形容词或副词，如all, both, every, everything, everybody, everyone, always, wholly等和否定副词not连用时均表示部分否定，意思为“并非都.，并非总是.”pAll hope was not lost.=Not all hope was lost.并不是所有的希望都消失了。【全部否定】表示全部否定意义的词(no, none, neither, nothing, nobody, never等)与肯定形式的谓语连用。¬None of us could persuade him into giving up smoking.我们当中没有人能说服他戒烟。31. dig out挖掘；发现 (dig-dug-dug)dig sth. out把某物挖出来 32. bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏¬He buried his face in his hands and burst into tears.他双手掩面突然大哭起来。¬He likes to bury himself in the country.他喜欢隐居乡间。【拓展】bury oneself in=be buried in埋头于，专心于 be lost in陷入.中专心于，致力于 devote oneself to=be devoted to专心于，献身于 fix/focus/concentrate ones attention on/upon专心于，致力于，集中注意力于33. in the direction of.在.方向 in the north of the city= in the northern part of the city在城市的北方(在内部)在.北方 to the north of (不接壤) on the north of (在外部，接壤)34. a cool mine一个煤矿35. fresh water淡水36. a (great) number of (许多，大量的)+可数名词复数+复数谓语 the number of (.的数量)+可数名词复数+单数谓语37. damage vt.&n.伤害，损失 do/cause harm to.对.造成伤害【辨析】damage局部伤害，使整体价值变低或变得无作用、无价值You have damaged my bike.你弄坏了我的自行车。ruin一般指经过长时间的侵蚀。也常指对美好的或有希望的事物的破坏。Youll ruin the chance of getting the job if you wear that shirt for the interview.如果穿那件衬衫去面试，你会断送得到那份工作的机会。destroy完全的破坏，常含不能修复的意思，也可表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁。All the houses in the village were destroyed in the earthquake.在地震中，这个村庄的所有房子都被毁坏了。38. Frightening adj.令人恐惧的【常用搭配】(1)frighten vt使惊吓;吓唬frighten sb. into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事frighten sb. out of doing sth.吓得某人不做某事(2) frightened ad受惊的,受恐吓的be frightened of (doing) sth.害怕(做)某事be frightened at sth.因某事/某物而害怕39. Congratulation n.祝贺；(复数) 贺词，贺语 Congratulations on sth.祝贺你. offer/send ones congratulations (to sb.) on sth. = congratulate sb. on sth. (向某人)祝贺某事例句：Congratulations on your success.= Congratulate you on your success. 恭喜你成功了。【比较】congratulate (祝贺)+宾语(人) congratulate sb. on sth.celebrate(庆贺)+宾语(生日、胜利、纪念日等)40. be pleased to do很高兴做.；乐于做.41. be proud of sb./sth.因.而骄傲，为.感到自豪 take pride in.因.感到自豪42. would like to do愿意做.43. have sb. Do sth.让某人做某事44. invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事45. judgeØ n.裁判员;法官;评判员;审判员¬He acts as the judge at the speech contest.他担任这次演讲比赛的裁判。¬The judge sentenced him to five years in prison. 法官判他5年监禁。Ø v.断定;判断;判决【搭配】judging by/from由判断as far as I can judge据我判断 ¬Judging from his accent, he is from Shanghai.根据口音来判断,他是上海人。¬As far as I can judge, Li Ming is more reliable.据我判断，李明更可靠。【注意】judging by/from.在句中作独立成分，不受句子主语的影响和限制，表达是说话者的看法或判断，类似 judging by/from.用作独立成分的还有:generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking 一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说considering(that)考虑到，鉴于，就而言 providing/ provided (that) 假知，倘若46. ExpressØ v.表达，表示，表露express sth. to sb.向某人表达某事express ones thanks/gratitude to sb.向某人表达感谢express oneself表达自己的思想感情 ¬Please express my thanks to your father.请向你的父亲表达我的感谢。Ø n.特快列车；快递Ø adj.特快的，快递的 an express train特快列车 express delivery service快递服务