连接代词和副词引导名词性从句课件.ppt

Review,1.,Definition,2.,Types,3.,Conjunctions,Subject,Object,Noun Clauses,Appositive,Predicative,Clauses,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses,连接词,that,whether,if,because,as if/as though,不充当从句的任何成分,what,whatever,;who,whoever;whom,连接代词,whomever;which,whichever;whose,主语、宾语、表语、定语,when,whenever;where,wherever;,连接副词,how,however;why,状语,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,What was he doing?,His father was surprised.,What he was doing,surprised,his father.,subject clause,主语从句,Whats your first impression,of him?,I want to know.,I want to know,what your first impression of him is.,object clause,宾语从句,How did Alice respond to,Toms proposal(,求婚,)?,I have no idea.,I have no idea,how Alice responded to,Toms proposal.,appositive clause,同位语从句,How can I make a grammar,lesson interesting?,That is my question.,My question is,how I can make,a grammar lesson interesting.,predicative clause,表语从句,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,1.The word order of the noun clause should,be changed into,that of a statement,.(,陈述句,),Southerners find it difficult to understand,what northerners are saying.,Southerners find it difficult to understand what,are northerners saying.,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,2.,Question words,cant be left out,in noun,clauses in any cases,because they act as certain,sentence,elements,(,成分,)in the clauses,.,e.g.I dont care what you did.,e.g.I dont care who you are.,e.g.How John became blind is still a mystery.,e.g.Dont care what is written about you.,Subject Clauses,连接代词和连接副词都可以引导主语从句。可,放于句首、句尾，放于句尾需用,形式主语,it,。,e.g.When the new road is open to traffic hasnt,been made clear.,=,It,hasnt been made clear when the new,road is open to traffic.,e.g.That our boss will come to the conference,excites us.,Subject Clauses,Compare the two sentences:,e.g.,What,we should do next remains unknown.,e.g.,What,our class teacher said is of great value.,(=the thing that),e.g.,Whoever,breaks the rule should be punished.,(=anyone who),e.g.,Whatever,he did was supported by us.,(=anything that),Conclusion:what,、,whatever,、,whoever,等连,接代词,既可以表示疑问，又可以表示陈述,，,可表示“（任何）,的事、话、东西、人”。,Object Clauses,连接代词和连接副词都可以引导宾语从句。,e.g.This book will show you,what the best CEOs know,_.,最好的首席执行官了解什么,which you will buy,e.g.Im curious about,_,a LG or an Apple.,你会买哪一个,Object Clauses,Compare the two sentences:,e.g.Could you tell me,when,you graduated?,e.g.He told me,when,he graduated.,(=the time when),e.g.He informed me,where,we would meet next,(=the place where),time.,Conclusion:when,、,where,等连接副词,既可以,表示疑问，又可以表示陈述,，可表示“,的,时间、,的地点”。,Object Clauses,有些动词带宾语从句时需要在从句前加,it,。如：,hate,dislike,like,take for granted,等。,e.g.I,hate it when,people talk with their,mouth full of food.,Predicative Clauses,连接代词和连接副词都可以引导表语从句。,e.g.This place is no longer _ it used to be.,what,where,e.g.This is _ you are wrong.,e.g.The question is,however,we can do the,work better.,Appositive Clauses,连接代词和连接副词都可以引导同位语从句。,why,e.g.The question _ so many people would,choose to live in the countryside but to work in,the city is still under discussion.,疑问词,+ever,和,no,matter+,疑问词的区别,疑问词,+,ever,可引导名词性从句。,Whoever,breaks,the,rule,must,be,punished.,You,can,choose,whatever,you,like,in,the,shop.,疑问词,+,ever,还可引导让步状语从句,。如：,Whoever,breaks,the,rule,he,must,be,punished.,Whatever,you,do,you,must,do,it,well.,no,matter,+,疑问词只能引导让步状语从句,。,No,matter,what,you,do,you,must,do,it,well.,No,matter,who,breaks,the,rule,he,must,be,punished.,Decide what sentence element each,highlighted noun clause is in its sentence.,(P28),O,I always wondered when I would get,the English novel my parents had,promised to give me.I finally got it,S,today.What I always dreamt of,has,come true.It is really exciting!The,difficulty is,how Im going to read the,book without a dictionary.,p,Looking up every new word will certainly,be a waste of time.Miss Cheng always told,us to guess the meanings of new words,O,from the context.I used to wonder why we,should do this.I understand now,but the,question is what I should do if I cannot,P,guess the meanings.I must talk to Miss,Cheng about this tomorrow.,1.,_ matters most in learning,English is enough practice.(,全国,II),A.What,B.Why,C.Where,D.Which,2._ he referred to in his article was,unknown to the general reader.(,上海,),A.That,B.What,C.Whether D.Where,3,.Could I speak to _ is in,charge of International Sales,please?,(,山东,),A.anyone B.someone,C.whoever D.no matter who,4._ parents say and do has a,life-long effect on their children.(,陕西,),A.That,B.Which,C.What,D.As,高考链接,5.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.,A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is,6._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.,A.What B.That C.How D.Where,7.Go and get your coat.Its _ you left it,A.where B.there C.here where D.where there,高考链接,8.The photographs will show you _,A.what does our village look like,B.what our village looks like,C.how does our village look like,D.how our village looks like,9.Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no,longer _ it was 20 years ago,_ it was so poorly,equipped.,A.what;when B.which;that,C.what;which D.that;which,In ones own home one can do what,one likes.,在自己家里可以随心所欲。,我不知道他什么时候回来。,I have no idea when he will return.,还没决定谁做那项工作。,It hasnt yet been decided who will,do that job.,Preparatory subject“,it”,When should we use preparatory subject it?,preparatory subject“,it”:,1.We can use,it,as an,preparatory subject.,A.,when we use a noun clause as the subject of a,sentence.,a.(preferable),It is certain that we would not be,able to understand Old English today.=,(correct)That we would not be able to,understand Old English today is certain.,b.(preferable),It is easy to answer whether,English will continue changing in the future.,=,(correct)Whether English will continue,changing in the future is easy to answer.,c.(preferable),It depends on the style of writing,when we use certain words.=,(correct)When we use certain words depends,on the style of writing.,B.when the subject is a,to-infinitive,.,a,.(preferable),It is hard to master a foreign,language.=,(correct)To master a foreign language is,hard.,b.(preferable),It is important to know how,to use a computer,.=,(correct)To know how to use a computer,is important.,C.when the subject is a,v-ing form,.,a.(preferable),Smoking is difficult to stop.=,(correct)It is difficult to stop smoking.,b.(preferable),Travelling to Beijing takes up a,lot of my time.=,(correct)It takes a lot of my time travelling to,Beijing.,Tip,We usually use the preparatory subject,it,with a clause or to-infinitive(,preferable,),but with the v-ing form we prefer the real,subject at the beginning.,2.It can also be used before,seem,appear,happen,chance,turn out,and,prove,as the,preparatory subject of a sentence.,a.,It seems that he speaks two languages,.=,He seems to speak two languages.,b.,It happens that my new neighbour,comes from,my home town.=,My new neighbor happens to come from my,home town.,it,作形式主语的句型,:,1.It+be+,adj.,(true/certain/possible/obvious,likely)that,2.It+be+noun phrase(no wonder/an honour/,a pity/)that,3.It+be+past participle(said/reported/,expected/announced/suggested,)that,4.It+seems/appears/happens/proves/turns,out that.,Writing,6,月将来临，,Mary,将面临一场重要的考试,-,高考。,1,、能否在高考英语中取得好成绩是她一直担心的事。,（,what,主语从句）,2,、她发现学好英语是很重要的，那是因为它是世界上最,被广泛使用的语言。（,it,作形式主语和表语从句）,3,、她的愿望是被一所重点大学录取。,4,、可是事实是她的成绩不是很理想。,5,、但她坚信人人都有获得成功的潜力。,6,、总之，她会尽一切努力实现她的梦想。,Writing,What,worries Mary most is,whether,she can achieve,high grades in English in College Entrance Examination.,She finds,it,is important to learn English well.Thats,because,it is the most widely spoken language all,through the world.,It,is her hope that she can be,admitted into a key university.However,it,s a fact that,she doesnt do well in study.But she holds a belief,that,everyone has the potential to achieve success.,All in all,she will do,whatever,she can to realize her,dream.,