英语国家概况Brit Slides.ppt
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1、Welcome,Connections,Spanish GoldThe King of FranceStamps and TeaCriminalsTrees,Ancient Britain:A Series of Invasions,Ancient Britain was originally settled by a neo-lithic group called the Beaker People sometime before 2975 BCE.These are the people who built Stonehenge.Then Britain was invaded by th
2、e CeltsBritons.These were the people there when the Romans invaded.After the Romans left,Britain was invaded by Germanic peoples who had never been RomanizedThe Angles,Saxons and Jutes.1066-The Norman Conquest under William the Conqueror.,Medieval England,England is a Catholic country(This is true f
3、or all of Europe)Government and economy is feudalism with a monarch and a number of“Great Barons”There is a series of dynastic struggles.The last one,The War of Roses,brings the Tudors to power.Two Stories and a legal document.,King Arthur,King Arthur.A story every English-speaker knows.Legend about
4、 unifying England.Knights of the Round TableQuest for the Holy GrailFall and return.,Robin Hood:the other story everyone knows.There are two real historical figures involved:King Richard the Lionhearted and Prince JohnSets up defiance against oppression as cultural valueMay be clue to parts of Engli
5、sh character.,The Magna Carta,The Magna Carta The first was signed 1215.This stated that English freemen had certain rights including habeas corpus.It also limited the power of the king and started the idea that no one is above the law.It also provided for a Great Council which would rule England al
6、ong with the king.This is the foundation of the British Parliament.,Henry VIII(1491-1547),He represents the break for England from the Middle AgesMonarch from 1509.He is an early Renaissance figure who set the stage for modern England and created the conflicts that would plague England until 1688.He
7、 brought the Reformation to EnglandMarried six timesHis marriages also reflects the politics and problems of England.,Henrys Wives and Children,1.Catherine of Aragon-Catholic Daughter:Mary.Divorced(Mary married Philip of Spain.2.Anne Boleyn-Protestant Daughter:Elizabeth.Beheaded3.Jane Seymour-Cathol
8、ic Son:Edward.Died4.Anne of Cleves-Protestant.Divorced5.Catherine Howard-Catholic.Beheaded6.Catherine Parr-Protestant.Survived.,Elizabeth I,1533 1603,monarch from 1558Never married.Quelled but did not end religious strife.Modernized the monarchy and government in England.Early conflict with Spain an
9、d the rise of Britain as a powerful country.Start of colonization in North America,Elizabeth and the Renaissance,Part of the Renaissance complete with the rise of Humanism,the new learning and the age of exploration.In different parts of Europe,the Renaissance took different forms.In England the mos
10、t representative form was drama.The transition to the early modern period from the Medieval periodThe printing press and a change in how people read.,The Seventeenth Century,James I and Charles ICivil War 1643-1651 and the Commonwealth(Puritan Republic)1649-1653 Protectorate of Cromwell 1653-9Charle
11、s II and James IIRestoration 1660 and the Glorious Revolution 1688 English Bill of Rights and Act of Toleration 1689The First British Empire,Hobbes and LockeThe Origins of ESC Political Ideas,Thomas Hobbes(1588-1679)Principle work:The Leviathan(1651)Hobbes idea of the social contract:Governments exi
12、st to provide order.Hobbesian state of nature.John Locke(1632-1704)Principle work:Second Treatise on Government.Lockes idea of the social contract:Governments exist to protect the rights of individuals to life,liberty and property.The Lockean state of nature.,Beginning of the Eighteenth Century,Brit
13、ain becomes a major power in European affairs during the Nine Years War(1688-97),fought to prevent France from controlling the Netherlands and the War of Spanish Succession(1702-1713)(aka Queen Annes War)fought to prevent French control of Spain.Bank of England founded(1694)Union with Scotland 1707t
14、he Union Jack.Hanoverian Ascension 1714.,The EnlightenmentA few points and writers.,In many ways this was a reaction to the religious strife and emphasis of the 17th century.Accompanied a rising middle class and social transformation.It began as a rejection of absolute,received authority and sought
15、new bases for morality,social structure and government.It found them in the application of human reason.,Enlightenment(contd),The English and Scottish Enlightenment were part of a western movement of thought which included France,Germany and British North America.Like the Renaissance,the Enlightenme
16、nt sought to reorganize not just society but how people learned and thought.This is the time of the first English dictionaries and encyclopedias.,Some Interesting Enlightenment Figures,Samuel Johnson(1709-1784)Energetic ombudsman of the Enlightenment.Principle work:A Dictionary of the English Langua
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