《题型段落翻译》PPT课件.ppt
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1、,2013年12月新题型大学英语六级考试,翻译题型,2013年12月新题型大学英语四级考试,翻译题型,翻译的原则,翻译是把一种语言文字所表达的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。翻译界长期信奉的原则是“信”、“达”、“雅”三原则。所谓“信”,就是要忠实、准确。所谓“达”,就是要通顺、流畅 所谓“雅”,就是要优美、自然,,童子鸡?,On the menu:chicken without sexual experience 正确译法:spring chicken“笔译与口译中出现的最严重的错误,往往不是因词语表达不当所造成的,而是因错误的文化假设所导致的。”,可口可乐:绝妙之译,众所周知,“可口可乐”就
2、是“CocaCola”原来Coca和Cola是两种植物的名字,英语中指古柯树和可乐树“可口可乐”译名的成功之处在于:一,保留了原文押头韵的响亮发音;二,完全抛弃了原文的意思,而是从喝饮料的感受和好处上打攻心战,手段高明;三,这种饮品的味道并非人人喜欢,很多人甚至觉得它像中药,但它却自称“可口”,而且喝了以后还让人开心。善于进行自我表扬,讨好大众。,新六级翻译特点,其一,考题只考查汉译英,没有英译汉。大学英语精读教材中,每课都有汉译英译句练习,应该是学生非常熟悉的题型。其二,内容单纯,不需要专业理论知识,也不涉及英美文化背景知识,没有大主题语境,对翻译界长期信奉的“信”、“达”、“雅”三原则,在
3、四、六级考试中,所以我们只要做到“信”和“达”就可以了。,新改革后翻译题型:段落翻译(汉译英),测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力。分值比例:15%考试时间:30分钟。内容:中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展 长度:180-200个汉字;,大学英语四级考试新题型评分标准,样题解析,Part IV Translation(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your a
4、nswer on Answer Sheet 2.,样题解析,剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。(6个句子,共156 字)注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。,样题解析,Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular
5、traditional folk arts.Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations,in particular,paper cuttings are used to deco
6、rate doors,windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red,which symbolizes health and prosperity.Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.(7个句子,共101个英语单词),这段关于剪纸的小文
7、章,其中的难词较多、长句较多,要想把它翻译准确、通顺,不仅需要考生的单词量和单词拼写过关,而且语法和把握句间逻辑关系以及学会中英文的转换技巧也很重要。,样题解析,首先,词汇方面。文章中有些词不太常见,有的是中国特色的说法。在翻译时,应该抓住词的根本意思,实在找不到准确对应意思的英文词汇,可以进行意译。“美化”:beautify.-“makemore beautiful”.“象征”:symbolize-“is the symbol of”,“增加喜庆的气氛”,“增加”一词,考生基本反应都是increase,而标准答案是:To enhance the joyous atmosphere.,样题解析
8、,其次,将各个词和词组的译法确定后,再分析句子结构,抓住主干。比如,“剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。”翻译成对应的英文时,“颜色”是主语,“是”是谓语,“红色”是表语。The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red,which symbolizes health and prosperity,样题解析,最后,要处理好中文里的短句。中文里有很多短句并列,在抓住每句的主干之后,其他短句在翻译时要转变为定语从句、状语从句等。比如,“特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。”During the Spr
9、ing Festival and wedding celebrations,in particular,paper cuttings are used to decorate doors,windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.,样题解析,样题解析,中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。参考译文:Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.学生译文:1.has o
10、ne thousand and five hundred years history.(汉语语序)2.have more than 1500s history./1050/1750/hestory3.a history of more than one thousant five hundred history./one thousand and five houndrand,中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史。Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.Chinese paper cutting has a 1,500-
11、year history.Chinese paper cutting dates from/dates back to 1,500 years ago.Chinese paper cutting dates back 1,500 years.(中国剪纸可追溯到一千五百年前。)Chinese paper cutting was born/brought into the world 1,500 years ago.,If you do not leave me,I will stay by your side until the life end。译文1:你如果不离开我,我就和你天长地久。(汉语
12、四级)译文2:你若不离不弃!我必生死相依。(汉语六级)译文3:问世间情为何物,直教人生死相许。(汉语八级)译文4:天地合,乃敢与君绝。(汉语专家)译文5:你在或不在,爱就在那里,不增不减。(汉语活佛),If you do not leave me,I will stay by your side until the life end.如果你不离开我,我会在你身边直到生命的尽头。,翻译常见错误分析,1)单词的拼写错误在单词的拼写上出现了大量的问题。如:modern,convenient、particular,decorate,prosperity,翻译常见错误分析,(2)词性混淆如:Please
13、 Careful(take care)We will be succeed.(successful)Book knowledge is as importance(important)as practice(practical)experience.容易混淆的词difficulty n.difficult adj.succeed v.success n.successful adj.social adj.society n.economic adj.economy n.health n.healthy adj.,翻译常见错误分析,(3)不注意“穿鞋和带帽”。“帽”指冠词,包括不定冠词a、an
14、和定冠词the。不注意使用规则,随便加或不加。“鞋”指词尾的变化,是英语的一大特点。常见的词尾变化:a.名词复数,如:book books,month months,bus buses,box boxes,city cities,country countries,shelf shelves,leaf leaves,man men,child children,foot feet,tooth teeth.,翻译常见错误分析,b.第三人称单数“s”。如:work-works,study-studies,go-goes。c.加“-ing”。如:go-going,think-thinking,com
15、e-coming,shop-shopping。d.加“ed”。如:talk-talked,like-liked,shop-shopped,study-studied。e.形容词和副词的比较级。如:quick-quicker,brave-braver,long-longer,big-bigger,heavy-heavier。穿鞋和带帽是丢分点,因此要特别注意。同时,要注意专人特制鞋的情况(不规则情况)。,翻译常见错误分析,4)标点符号(Punctuation)。标点虽小,却不可掉以轻心。而很多人总因其简单而不加以注意。比如,有些人习惯于“一逗到底”,而英语却拒绝这样的“连写句”(run-on s
16、entence)。,翻译常见错误分析,5)当句子中存在多个修饰成分时,形容词排序错误。中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日译文:Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday.学生译文1:Chinese New Year is the most important Chinese traditional holiday.学生译文2:Chinese New Year is Chinese most important traditional holiday.,翻译常见错误分析,口诀法:“美小圆旧黄,中国木书房”注:“
17、美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词;“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类”形容词;“圆”代表“形状类”形容词;“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类”形容词;“黄”代表“颜色类”形容词;“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类”形容词;“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类”形容词;“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类”形容词;“房”代表“中心名词”。例如:a beautiful new green silk evening dress 一件又新又漂亮的绿色丝绸晚礼服;两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌 two big round new Chinese wooden tables,翻译常见错误分析,“美小圆旧黄,中国木书房”,
18、我漂亮的棕色小皮包my nice small brown leather bag 她戴上了小红帽。She put on her little red hood.他的那辆新的黑色的外国小汽车 his small new black foreign car,6)动词满天飞Our family will all comes here.Its was called-It is often fall on the moon is said to be its brightest and roundest,so it was be called“Mid-Autumn”.Its the symbolizes
19、 of family reunion.,翻译常见错误分析,(7)表述不符合英语习惯 简单地把单个汉字(词)一一对应地译成英语单词,并按照题中中文顺序加和起来。这种答案得分甚少!必须摆脱不自觉的汉英一一对应的思维习惯和表达方法。例如:一见“开”就不加思索地立即译出“open”,误将“开电视”译成:open the TV;一见到“有”就只想到“have”,把“那天晚上有很多有趣的事情”译成:That night have some interesting things.,三、翻译常见错误分析,又如,汉译英时,“说”这个词根据不同的上下文可译成:speak,tell,say,express,ment
20、ion等。,他说英语。He speaks English.他说谎。He is telling a lie.他说他很忙。He says he is busy.我说不清楚。Im unable to express myself clearly.,这可说不得。It must not be mentioned.别胡说八道。Be reasonable.说来话长。Its a long story.,翻译常见错误分析,8)主从句的连接结构。在主从句的连接结构方面,汉语的从属结构往往使用成对的连接词来表明从句和主句之间的逻辑关系,如“如果 那么、因为 所以、虽然 但是、除非 否则”等。但是,在英语的这类结构里
21、并不存在成对的连接词,两个连接词中只能保留一个。如:虽然下着大雨,但是开幕式仍然继续进行。误译Though it was raining hard,but the opening ceremony still went on.改译 Though it was raining hard,the opening ceremony still went on./It was raining hard,but the opening ceremony still went on.,翻译常见错误分析,9)时态误用 中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dyn
22、asties)特别流行。Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.,翻译常见错误分析,练习 1,中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放,这对海外企业(enterprises)意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来,中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作,并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长,而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件,推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展
23、合作。,key 1,China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world,which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises.Since Chinas reform and opening up,Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology,and h
24、ave scored great achievement.Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth,but also benefited from the cooperation.Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises
25、.,练习 2,狮舞(Lion Dance)是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首,在中国传统中,狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物(mascot)。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身,能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载,狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代(the Tang Dynasty),狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此,舞狮成为元宵节(the Lantern Festival)和其他节日的习俗,人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。,Key 2,The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is
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