《考研辅导资料》PPT课件.ppt
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1、,硕士研究生入学考试 英语辅导,知己知彼百战不殆,知易行难重在行动,背好单词,练好基本功;历年真题练三遍,了解每个选项的对错原因;把最近三年的考题留着考前模考(考前20天)最好是把时间缩短20钟;作文一定要动手写;要保证一定量的阅读;,新大纲题型和分值分布,英语知识应用(完型填空)10分 阅读 50分(旧阅读40分新阅读10分)翻译 15分 作文(小作文10分大作文15分)25分,新阅读Part B,题型1:大完型 7选5 2005年开始已考了4次,仍需重视choice题型2:排序题 order 把一篇完整的文章打乱次序,按其内在的逻辑顺序重新排序。(给出个答案)题型3:段落小标题 给出7个小
2、标题选项,给完整的段落选择一个恰当的小标题。(主旨/小结)题型4:对错判断题,新写作10分,有信函letter,报告report,备忘录memo,摘要abstract4选1;自2005年以来考了5年的信函;2010年考了通知公务信函出题可能很大。重点备考9种形式:询问、道歉、建议、推荐、求职、邀请、投诉、辞职、感谢;社交信函如:祝贺信受制于文章形式(不足80到100字),没有多少内容可写,出题的可能性小;适当留意“摘要”,词汇辨析 15 逻辑关系 5 语法知识 3 固定搭配 2,完型填空,测试考生对篇章的理解能力。虽然所给出的文章被抽去了20个词,但是整篇文章的内容仍是可以理解的。注意:第一句
3、不含空格,为一完整的句子。而这类短文的第一个句子通常为主题句,为理解全文提供了重要的线索。,通读原文,了解大意,1999年试题第一句:Industrial safety does not just happen.很明确,该短文将讨论工业生产安全问题。1998年试题第一句:Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution 很显然,本文将围绕历史学家对工业革命的评价来论述。,线索词包括上下文中出现过的词、固定搭配、习惯用语、特定句型中有关词语,或者相关句子。有的选项在孤立的语法条件下看
4、是正确的,但如果结合上下文提供的信息来判断,却是错误的。信息词会直接或间接地提示我们寻找正确答案的线索。when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night,(A).lodging(B).shelter(C).dwelling(D).house,结合上下文,寻找线索词,重视首句,把握主题 速读全文,掌握大意 瞻前顾后,灵活答题 复读全文,检查核对,书信格式,称谓 私人信件称呼较随便,常以名相称;正式信件必须以姓相称,如:D
5、ear Prof./Mr./Miss/Mrs.如果收信人是女性且不知道其婚否,则称Dear Ms.称呼之后用逗号;不明确收信人性别时,用Dear Sir/Madam;不明确收信人时,可用To whom it may concern;,正文 正文要简明扼要,段落清楚。结束问候语 第一个词的首字母大写,结尾加逗号。私人信件可用 Yours,正式信件可用 Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,Yours truly,Truly yours,Yours respectfully,Respectfully yours,道歉信,1.注意:要言辞恳切,诚心诚意,指出自己并非故意伤害
6、或得罪对方,切忌对自己的过失作过多辩解。要请对方谅解自己的过失或给对方带来的不便。需要使用 Im sorry,I apologize等字眼明确表达自己的歉意。2、正文主要有4个部分:道歉行为和内容(what)道歉的具体理由(why)弥补方法(how)进一步致歉,道歉信常用表达,I write to apologize for having caused you so much trouble.I am writing to express my apology for I am sorry for causing you all thisinconvenience.Please accept
7、my apology for.I really didnt mean to hurt/offend/insult you.I shall not be so rude/late/careless again.,Dear Jane,(1)I am sorry to tell you that I wont be able to come this afternoon because I have to go to the airport at 2:p.m.to meet an overseas visitor from Australia.(2)I really have kept our da
8、te in my mind all these days,however,I received my boss e-mail this morning,he asked me to go to the airport to meet one of his friends from abroad,its suddenly and urgent and I must go.(3)Please forgive me.(4)Would you please ring me up to make another time?Yours,Tom(1)道歉的内容。套语:I am sorry to tell y
9、ou that表明自己不 能赴约(2)道歉的具体原因 收到了上司的信函,要去机场接机 its suddenly and urgent and I must go.进一步解释,并表明自己 的无奈(3)进一步道歉 Please forgive me 求得原谅(4)提出弥补的办法,Dear _,Im truly sorry that_(道歉的原因).The reason is that _(介绍原因).Once again,I am sorry for anyinconvenience caused.Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my
10、situation.Yours sincerelyLi Ming,询问信,首先要说明意图,一定要注意语气要礼貌,用词要规范;然后具体展开说明请求的原因;最后表示希望对方予以答复。正文主要有3个部分:(1)介绍自己、提出请求(2)说明原因及其它事项(3)表达谢意、期盼答复,常用表达,Could you please.?Could you possibly.Would it be possible to.I would be grateful if you could.I wonder if it is convenient for you to.Would you mind doing.I wo
11、uld like you to.,Dear Tim,(1)I am quite sorry that I have to ask a favor of you,with the hope that you will be kind to help me.(2)I have been looking forward to applying for the entrance examination for MA candidates for a long time because I want to pursue further studies.Unfortunately I find mysel
12、f far from the required standard,especially my very poor English.Finally,the personal friendship leads me to approach you with the request,whether you can give me some constructive guidance.I promise to be a diligent student.(3)If you agree,please call me as soon as you are free,I hope I can visit y
13、ou twice a week.(4)Thank you very much for your kind help again.Yours,Tom,Dear _,I am _(自我介绍).I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_.(要询问的内容)First of all,what are _?(第一个问题)Secondly,when will_?(第二个问题)Thirdly,is _?(第三个问题)I would also like to inquire _(将
14、最重要的问题单独成段).Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?Thank you for you kindness,and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,Li Ming,A Letter to QuitJun 22,2005Dear Mr.Wang,First of all,please allow me to express
15、my deep apologyto you for my resignation.I do know that this will bring about much trouble to you so that I write to you for my explanation.I decided to quit for some reasons as follows.To begin with,the job as an editor for the magazine Designs&Fashions is not suitable to me.Whats more,I am prepari
16、ng for another degree and I prefer to further my study.Again,I apologize for my resignation to you!I am looking forward to your early reply.Sincerely yours,Li Ming,As a college student who is studying and living in a good environment,I wish to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial assista
17、nce to a child in a remote area.Having conceived such a plan for a long time,I write this letter to request your help to recommend a proper candidate.I wonder if it is convenient for you if three things concerning the child are taken into consideration.First,the child should come from Gansu Province
18、,for I intend to help a child from my hometown.Second,it will be better if the child is a primary school student.I hope I will help him/her from the very beginning.In addition,he/she must be willing to return to his hometown to help built it after graduation from university.My plan will be carried o
19、ut as follows.On one hand,I will remit at least 2,000 Yuan in cash every year until he/she finishes his/her education before entering college.On the other hand,I decide to teach the child math and English in person during my summer vacation,which will surely be more beneficial to the child.Your prom
20、pt help would be highly appreciated.And I am looking forward to your reply very soon.,选择你最称手的工具养成良好的阅读习惯,阅读流程 先看完全文再看题问和选择项,一气呵成 先看题问和选择项再看短文,看完短文后再做题 先主题再题问后全文,就是说先看懂大段首位句或短文第一段,大致明了文章的主题,在明了主题的情况下再看题问和题项的大致设置,最后带着问题通读全文,先文后题法优点:能够迅速明了全文的主题脉络缺点:一旦遇到题问中不熟悉的判断不得不返回到短文中寻找依据,费时费力,成功考生中使用并不多见,先题后文法,1.只看
21、题问不看选项法优点:节约时间,而且不影响阅读速度缺点:由于不看选项,对于细节题的把握没有预期,同样要返回短文查找;2.全部看完题问和选项再看短文优点:明了全文线索,有很好的语境预期缺点:费时间,影响阅读速度,先主题后题再文法,优点:能够明了主题,能够迅速进入状态缺点:有的文章不容易一下子抓住主题,尤其是段数很大的文章 考研阅读理解选用短文的趋势之一:段数越来越多,传统的三段式短文已经越来越少了。,“真我”和“忘我”的统一,“真我”既包括实际的英语知识,也包括从报刊、新闻、网络等渠道理解到的关于西方社会的背景资料近几年考的“安乐死”、“人工智能”、“克隆”等话题,如果没有足够的背景知识的支持,要
22、想完全理解短文的主题及所有细节是非常困难的。“忘我”在答题过程中忘记自己的英语常识以及西方社会的背景知识。规律:理解短文的时候必需根据自己的英语常识和背景知识进行判断推测,但答题时却必须忘却这一切,以文章为直接依据。,新闻自由的目的是什么?A:为了监督执政党是否廉洁B:为了更好的表达基层百姓的心声C:促进精神文明的发展,建设民主政治D:为了电脑商的利益,干绕选项的特点:,似是而非(含不完全符合)答非所问说法过于决定与原文相反随意拼凑(看上去像原文,但并没有回答问题),文章隐藏考点,Economist(1-2篇)NewsweekTimeNew York TimesWashington Post,
23、Passage,vocabulary+,grammar+,logic,一切从解题的需要出发来阅读文章,一.理解文章的行文思路英语文章的行文特点一般是相对固定的。文章的结构类型也相对固定。观点论证型文章的行文特点:文章必定围绕着一个主题作者通常会以引言或事例引出要议论的话题然后作者必定要提出自己的观点接下来作者会用举例等方法来论证自己的观点在文章的结尾处,作者还会提出解决问题的方法建议在做了一定量的历年真题之后,回过头来总结一下文章的结构特点,这对以后的阅读和解题都会大有裨益。,二.练成快速分清文章主次内容的本领,一篇文章所包含的内容很多,而试题往往只考查其主要思想观点和部分细节内容读了文章后面
24、的阅读题目以后,一定确立这样一个意识:只关注和查找和试题有关的内容。(依据是,考研阅读当中的试题60%以上题型为细节题)阅读文章当中常常有一些举例的地方,其所涉及的人物往往有很长的定语,比如:Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,利用一切线索为解题服务一、连词和副词是解题的线索,是文章中的重要连接手段,它们使文章的各种内容成为一个逻辑整体
25、。需要大家注意的词有:but,however,nevertheless,while,though,although,and,on one handon the other hand,consequently,as a result,consequently,thus等等。这些词表达着文章当中的并列、因果、转折等逻辑关系,往往是作者表明自己观点的依据,二、文中的例子和引用之处一般会出题 The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that_.The author begins his article with Edmund Bur
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