《初中定语从句》PPT课件.ppt
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1、2023/7/10,Look at these sentences,例句1:The man who/that was here yesterday is a middle school teacher.1.先行词 man(即从句修饰的名词或代词);2.关系代词 who/that(修饰人)。例句2:This is the town where I was born.1.先行词 town(即从句修饰的名词);2.关系副词 where(修饰地点,从句中状语)。,2023/7/10,一、定语从句及相关概念,定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语
2、、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。汉语中常用的表示。,2023/7/10,一、定语从句及相关概念,如果是一个句子担任定语,那么这个句子就是定语从句。The girl who is standing there is Mary.定语从句,2023/7/10,概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。放在先行词之后 The girl who is standing there is Mary.先行词 关系词先行词:被定语从句所修饰的词。关系词:引导定语从句的词。分关系代词和关系副词关系词的作用:连接作用,引导定语从句。代替主句中的先行词,
3、甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。在定语从句中充当一句子成分。,2023/7/10,2023/7/10,二、关系代词引导的定语从句,先行词和关系代词的种类,2023/7/10,关系代词的使用取决于先行词,它们的关系非常密切,因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词,所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后,而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。The woman is my mother.She is speaking at the meeting The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.,2023/7/10,判断步骤:
4、(1)要判断出先行词(2)要确定关系代词(即先行词)在从句中所担任的成分(3)要确定关系代词的人称和数注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制The woman who(that)spoken yesterday is my mother.,2023/7/10,2.定语从句的辨认与使用 思考步骤:(1)找出先行词 a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性 b.确定从句位置(一般在先行词之后)(2)确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分 以确定关系代词的格(3)确定从句时态 Do you know the boy my mother is talking to?,2023/7/10,3.各关系代词的使用方法(1)who
5、(whom)who代人,在从句担任主语,也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom,前面不能有介词。如有介词则必用whom(结构:介词+whom)。例如:The girl who is standing there is Mary.She is the girl who/whom I met that day.The doctor to whom she sent her friend is very famous,2023/7/10,注:为以下情况时,who不与that通用a.先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who.b.当先行词有较长定语时用who I met a foreigne
6、r in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese.c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that另一个用who.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.d.在there be 开头的句中用who,2023/7/10,(2)whose是代词的所有格,即可代人,又可代物。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the bag w
7、hose cover is red.(3)That 只用于限定性定语从句中,介词后不能跟that,而跟which.His mother does morning exercises every day,which is good for her health.在限定性定语从句中,which和that都指物时,可通用。The picture that/which was drawn by Tom was nice.,2023/7/10,使用关系词应注意的问题,下列情况必须用“that”,不能用“which”:1.先行词all,anything,something,nothing,everythi
8、ng Is this all that is left?(就剩下这一个了吗?)2.先行词none,much,only 修饰。The only thing that is important is to find our way home.(唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。)3.先行词由序数词或最高级修饰。This is the best film(that)Ive ever seen.(这是我看过的最好的电影。),2023/7/10,4.“time”做先行词表示“次”。This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.(这是我第一次去北京。)5
9、.先行词既有人又有物:Maria took photos of the things and people that she was interested in.“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句 在非限定性定语从句中,先行词指物时只能用“which”,不能用“that”,而且“which”不能省略。This is Johns book,which is very interesting.(这是约翰的书,这本书很有趣。),2023/7/10,在非限定性定语从句中,只用which,不用that.在限定性定语从句中只用which,而不用that的情况。,a.关系代词前有介词时 This is t
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