思科网络技术培训之6:Catalyst操作.ppt
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1、Objectives,Upon completion of this chapter,you will be able to perform the following tasks:Describe Layer 2 switching(bridging)operationsDescribe the Catalyst 1900 switch operationsDescribe the Catalyst 1900 switch default configurationConfigure Catalyst 1900 switchUse show commands to verify Cataly
2、st 1900 switch configuration and operations,Address learningForward/filter decisionLoop avoidance,Three Switch Functions,How Switches Learn Host Locations,Initial MAC address table is empty,MAC address table,0260.8c01.1111,0260.8c01.2222,0260.8c01.3333,0260.8c01.4444,E0,E1,E2,E3,A,B,C,D,How Switches
3、 Learn Hosts Locations,Station A sends a frame to Station CSwitch caches station A MAC address to port E0 by learning the source address of data frames The frame from station A to station C is flooded out to all ports except port E0(unknown unicasts are flooded),MAC address table,0260.8c01.1111,0260
4、.8c01.2222,0260.8c01.3333,0260.8c01.4444,E0:0260.8c01.1111,E0,E1,E2,E3,D,C,B,A,How Switches Learn Host Locations,Station D sends a frame to station CSwitch caches station D MAC address to port E3 by learning the source Address of data framesThe frame from station D to station C is flooded out to all
5、 ports except port E3(unknown unicasts are flooded),MAC address table,0260.8c01.1111,0260.8c01.2222,0260.8c01.3333,0260.8c01.4444,E0:0260.8c01.1111,E3:0260.8c01.4444,E0,E1,E2,E3,D,C,A,B,How Switches Filter Frames,Station A sends a frame to station CDestination is known,frame is not flooded,E0:0260.8
6、c01.1111,E2:0260.8c01.2222,E1:0260.8c01.3333,E3:0260.8c01.4444,0260.8c01.1111,0260.8c01.2222,0260.8c01.3333,0260.8c01.4444,E0,E1,E2,E3,X,X,D,C,A,B,MAC address table,Broadcast and Multicast Frames,Station D sends a broadcast or multicast frameBroadcast and multicast frames are flooded to all ports ot
7、her than the originating port,0260.8c01.1111,0260.8c01.2222,0260.8c01.3333,0260.8c01.4444,E0,E1,E2,E3,D,C,A,B,E0:0260.8c01.1111,E2:0260.8c01.2222,E1:0260.8c01.3333,E3:0260.8c01.4444,MAC address table,Redundant Topology,Redundant topology eliminates single points of failureRedundant topology causes b
8、roadcast storms,multiple frame copies,and MAC address table instability problems,Segment 1,Segment 2,Server/host X,Router Y,Broadcast Storms,Segment 1,Segment 2,Server/host X,Router Y,Broadcast,Switch A,Switch B,Host X sends a Broadcast,Broadcast Storms,Segment 1,Segment 2,Server/host X,Router Y,Bro
9、adcast,Switch A,Switch B,Host X sends a Broadcast,Broadcast Storms,Segment 1,Segment 2,Server/host X,Router Y,Broadcast,Switches continue to propagate broadcast traffic over and over,Switch A,Switch B,Multiple Frame Copies,Segment 1,Segment 2,Server/host X,Router Y,Unicast,Switch A,Switch B,Host X s
10、ends an unicast frame to router YRouter Y MAC address has not been learned by either switch yet,Multiple Frame Copies,Segment 1,Segment 2,Server/host X,Router Y,Switch A,Switch B,Host X sends an unicast frame to Router YRouter Y MAC Address has not been learned by either Switch yetRouter Y will rece
11、ive two copies of the same frame,MAC Database Instability,Segment 1,Segment 2,Server/host X,Router Y,Unicast,Unicast,Switch A,Switch B,Host X sends an unicast frame to Router YRouter Y MAC Address has not been learned by either Switch yetSwitch A and B learn Host X MAC address on port 0,Port 0,Port
12、1,Port 0,Port 1,MAC Database Instability,Segment 1,Segment 2,Server/host X,Router Y,Unicast,Unicast,Switch A,Switch B,Host X sends an unicast frame to Router YRouter Y MAC Address has not been learned by either Switch yetSwitch A and B learn Host X MAC address on port 0Frame to Router Y is floodedSw
13、itch A and B incorrectly learn Host X MAC address on port 1,Port 0,Port 1,Port 0,Port 1,Complex topology can cause multiple loops to occurLayer 2 has no mechanism to stop the loop,Server/host,Workstations,Loop,Loop,Loop,Multiple Loop Problems,Solution:Spanning-Tree Protocol,Provides a loop free redu
14、ndant network topology by placing certain ports in the blocking state,Block,x,Spanning-Tree Operations,One root bridge per networkOne root port per nonroot bridgeOne designated port per segment,x,Designated port(F),Root port(F),Designated port(F),Nondesignated port(B),Root bridge,Nonroot bridge,SW X
15、,SW Y,100baseT,10baseT,Switch YDefault priority 32768(8000 hex)MAC 0c0022222222,Switch XDefault priority 32768(8000 hex)MAC 0c0011111111,Spanning-Tree Protocol Root Bridge Selection,BPDU,BPDU=Bridge protocol data unit(default=sent every 2 seconds)Root bridge=Bridge with the lowest bridge IDBridge ID
16、=Bridge priority+bridge MAC addressIn the example,which switch has the lowest bridge ID?,Switch YDefault priority 32768MAC 0c0022222222,Switch XDefault priority 32768 MAC 0c0011111111,Spanning-Tree Protocol Port States,Root bridge,x,Port 0,Port 1,Port 0,Port 1,100baseT,10baseT,Designated port(F),Roo
17、t port(F),Nondesignated port(B),Designated port(F),Spanning-Tree Protocol Path Cost,Link SpeedCost(reratify IEEE spec)Cost(previous IEEE spec)-10 Gbps 211 Gbps41100 Mbps191010 Mbps100100,Switch YMAC 0c0022222222Default priority 32768,Switch XMAC 0c0011111111Default priority 32768,Port 0,Port 1,Port
18、0,Port 1,Switch ZMac 0c0011110000Default priority 32768,Port 0,Can you figure out:What is the root bridge?What are the designated,nondesignated,and root parts?Which are the forwarding and blocking ports?,100baseT,100baseT,Spanning-Tree:,Switch YMAC 0c0022222222Default priority 32768,Switch XMAC 0c00
19、11111111Default priority 32768,Port 0,Port 1,Port 0,Port 1,Switch ZMac 0c0011110000Default priority 32768,Port 0,Can you figure out:What is the root bridge?What are the designated,nondesignated,and root parts?Which are the forwarding and blocking ports?,100baseT,100baseT,Spanning-Tree:,Designated po
20、rt(F),Root port(F),Nondesignated port(BLK),Designated port(F),Root port(F),Spanning-Tree Port States,Spanning-tree transitions each port through several different state:,Spanning-Tree Recalculation,Spanning-Tree Recalculation,Key Issue:Time to Convergence,Convergence occurs when all the switches and
21、 bridge ports have transitioned to either the forwarding or blocking state,When network topology changes,switches and bridges must recompute the Spanning-Tree Protocol,which disrupts user traffic,Primarily software basedOne spanning-tree instance per bridgeUsually up to 16 ports per bridge,Bridging,
22、Primarily hardware based(ASIC)Many spanning-tree instances per switchMore ports on a switch,LAN Switching,Bridging Compared to LAN Switching,Transmitting Frames through a Switch,Cut-throughSwitch checks destination address and immediately begins forwarding frame,Frame,Fragment free(modified cut-thro
23、ugh)Cat1900 DefaultSwitch checks the first 64 bytes then immediately begins forwarding frame,Frame,Store and forwardComplete frame is received and checked before forwarding,Frame,Frame,Frame,Duplex Overview,Half duplex(CSMA/CD)Unidirectional data flowHigher potential for collisonHubs connectivity,Sw
24、itch,Hub,Full duplex Point-to-point onlyAttached to dedicated switched portRequires full-duplex support on both endsCollision free Collision detect circuit disabled,Configuring the Switch,Catalyst 1900Menu driven interfaceWeb-based VSM(Visual Switch Manager)IOS CLI(command-line interface),Catalyst 1
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