【精品PPT】unit 2:text A conversational ballgames.ppt
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1、Unit 2:Text A,21st Century College English:Book 1,Conversational Ballgames,Unit Two:Text A,Lead-in Activities Text Organization Reading&Writing Skills Language Points Guided Practice Assignment,Lead-in Activities,Questions for discussion,Do you notice any difference between the way the Chinese talk
2、to each other(in either Chinese or English)and the way the Westerners talk to each other?What are the differences regarding gestures,intonation,facial expressions,body language,and so on.,The structure of Text A,I.Introduction of the topic,II.A comparison,III.How the two different styles influence c
3、onversation,IV.Conclusion,Para.1-3,Para.4-9,Para.10-11,Para.12,Text Organization,I.Introduction of the topic,Text Organization,II.A comparison,Text Organization,III.How the two different styles influence conversation,Text Organization,IV.Conclusion,Text Organization,Reading&Writing Skills,This is an
4、 expository writing that is composed of introductory paragraphs,body paragraphs and conclusion.It is developed by comparison and contrast.Through comparison and contrast,the readers could know the two different things.There are two approaches to compare and contrast-one is to interpret all the chara
5、cters of A,then all of B;the other is to explain one feature of both A and B,then another feature of A and B.The author here adopted the first way to comparise and contrast.,Reading&Writing Skills,Skill learning in readingA good reader can always recognize the main idea.Please ask yourself:why was t
6、his written and what is the main point the author wants to present to you.Recognize the main points by paying attention to the title and subheading,the first paragraph and the first sentence in each paragraph ignoring those unfamiliar words.Please see woods not trees.,Intensive Study,Conversational
7、Ballgames by Nancy Mansterson Sakamoto 1After I was married and had lived in Japan for a while,my Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband,his friends,and family.And I began to notice that often,when I joined in,the others would look st
8、artled,and the conversation would come to a halt.After this happened several times,it became clear to me that I was doing something wrong.But for a long time,I didnt know what it was.,Intensive Study,2Finally,after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations,I discovered what my problem was.E
9、ven though I was speaking Japanese,I was handling the conversation in a Western way.3Japanese-style conversations develop quite differently from western-style conversations.And the difference isnt only in the languages.I realized that just as I kept trying to hold western-style conversations even wh
10、en I was speaking Japanese,so were my English students trying to hold Japanese style conversations even when they were speaking English.We were unconsciously playing entirely different conversational ballgames.,Intensive Study,4A western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis
11、.If I introduce a topic,a conversational ball,I expect you to hit it back.If you agree with me,I dont expect you simply to agree and do nothing more.I expect you to add something a reason for agreeing,another example,or a remark to carry the idea further.But I dont expect you always to agree.I am ju
12、st as happy if you question me,or challenge me,or completely disagree with me.Whether you agree or disagree,your response will return the ball to me.,Intensive Study,5And then it is my turn again.I dont serve a new ball from my original starting line.I hit your ball back again from where it has boun
13、ced.I carry your idea further,or answer your questions or objections,or challenge or question you.And so the ball goes back and forth.6If there are more than two people in the conversation,then it is like doubles in tennis or like volleyball.Theres no waiting in line.Whoever is nearest and quickest
14、hits the ball,and if you step back,someone else will hit it.No one stops the game to give you a turn.Youre responsible for taking your own turnand no one person has the ball for very long.,Intensive Study,7A Japanese style conversation,however,is not at all like tennis or volleyball,its like bowling
15、.You wait for your turn,and you always know your place in line.It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger,a close friend or a relative stranger to the previous speaker,in a senior or junior position,and so on.,Intensive Study,8The first thing is to wait for your turn,patiently and
16、 politely.When your moment comes,you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball,and carefully bowl it.Everyone else stands back,making sounds of polite encouragement.Everyone waits until your ball has reached the end of the lane,and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins,or only some
17、 of them,or none of them.Then there is a pause,while everyone registers your score.,Intensive Study,9Then,after everyone is sure that you are done,the next person in line steps up to the same starting line,with a different ball.He doesnt return your ball.There is no back and forth at all.And there i
18、s always a suitable pause between turns.There is no rush,no impatience.10No wonder everyone looked startled when I took part in Japanese conversations.I paid no attention to whose turn it was,and kept snatching the ball halfway down the lane and throwing it back at the bowler.Of course the conversat
19、ion fell apart,I was playing the wrong game.,Intensive Study,11This explains why it can be so difficult to get a western-style discussion going with Japanese students of English.Whenever I serve a volleyball,everyone just stands back and watches it fall.No one hits it back.Everyone waits until I cal
20、l on someone to take a turn.And when that person speaks,he doesnt hit my ball back.He serves a new ball.Again,everyone just watches it fall.So I call on someone else.This person does not refer to what the previous speaker has said.He also serves a new ball.Everyone begins again from the same startin
21、g line,and all the balls run parallel.There is never any back and forth.,Intensive Study,12Now that you know about the difference in the conversational ballgames,you may think that all your troubles are over.But if you have been trained all your life to play one game,it is no simple matter to switch
22、 to another,even if you know the rules.Tennis,after all,is different from bowling.,to the point whereuntil,to the extent that,up to the time when something develops or is achieved,Example:He exercised so hard to the point where he couldnt move.,Translate:我学日语学到可以流利地讲话的程度。,Key:I studied Japanese to t
23、he point where I became a fluent speaker.,Key words,phrases&usages,come to a halt stop moving;stop completely,Example:The car slowed down and came to a halt in front of the building.,Translate:The economic boom came to a sudden halt.,Key:经济繁荣期嘎然而止。,Key words,phrases&usages,challenge,1)call someone t
24、o compete against one,esp.in a fightExample:I challenged him to a game of tennis.,2)question the lawfulness or rightness of(someone or something),Example:The journalist challenged the justice of the new law.,Translate:I challenged him to a game of tennis.What the Mayor did was never challenged.,他向我挑
25、战,要我和他进行一场网球比赛。,没有人质疑过市长的所作所为。,Key words,phrases&usages,whoever no matter who,Example:Whoever comes here will receive a VIP welcome.,Cf.Whatever,however,wherever,whichever,etc.can be used as conjunctions in the same way as the expressions no matter what,no matter how,and so on.e.g.Please let us know
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