Pilkington浮法玻璃生产介绍 PPT文档课件.ppt
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1、A member of NSG Group,2,Application of Inorganic Chemistry in Industry,Flat Glass and Coatings On GlassDr Troy ManningAdvanced Technologist,On-line CoatingsPilkington European Technical CentreHall LaneLathomUKtroy.manningpilkington,3,Outline,Overview of Flat Glass industry and NSG/PilkingtonFlat Gla
2、ss manufactureFloat Glass ProcessCoating technology within the glass industryChemical Vapour DepositionExamples of on line coating applicationsLow Emissivity/Solar ControlSelf CleaningSummarySuggested Reading,4,Global Flat Glass Market,Global Market 37 million tonnes(4.4 billion sq.m)Building Produc
3、ts 33 m tonnes-Automotive 4m tonnesOf which24 million=high quality float glass3 million=sheet2 million=rolled8 million=lower quality float(mostly China)Global Value At primary manufacture level 15 billionAt processed level 50 billion,5,NSG and Pilkington combined,A global glass leader the pure play
4、in Flat GlassCombined annual sales c.4 billionEqual to Asahi Glass in scale,most profitable in Flat GlassOwnership/interests in 46 float lines6.4 million tonnes annual outputWidened Automotive customer base36,000 employees worldwideManufacturing operations in 26 countriesSales in 130+countries,6,Man
5、ufacture of Flat Glass,Four main methodsPlate Glass(1688)molten glass poured on to a flat bed,spread,cooled and polishedSheet Glass(1905)continuous sheet of glass drawn from tank of molten glassRolled Glass(1920)molten glass poured onto to two rollers to achieve an even thickness,making polishing ea
6、sier.Used to make patterned and wired glass.Float Glass(1959)molten glass poured onto bed of molten tin and drawn off in continuous ribbon.Gives high quality flat glass with even thickness and fire polish finish.320 float-glass lines worldwide,7,Melting furnace,Float bath,Cooling lehr,Continuos ribb
7、on of glass,Cross cutters,Large plate lift-off devices,Small plate lift-off devices,Raw material feed,The Float-Glass Process,Operates non-stop for 10-15 years6000 km/year0.4 mm-25 mm thick,up to 3 m wide,8,The Float Glass Process,9,Raw materials,10,Melting Furnace,11,Float Bath,12,Float Glass Plant
8、,13,The Float-Glass Process,Fine-grained ingredients,closely controlled for quality,are mixed to make batch,which flows as a blanket on to molten glass at 1500 C in the melter.The furnace contains 2000 tonnes of molten glass.,After about 50 hours,glass from the melter flows gently over a refractory
9、spout on to the mirror-like surface of molten tin,starting at 1100C and leaving the float bath as a solid ribbon at 600C.,Despite the tranquillity with which float glass is formed,considerable stresses are developed in the ribbon as it cools.,14,Raw Materials,Oxide%in glass Raw material sourceSiO272
10、.2SandNa2O13.4Soda Ash(Na2CO3)CaO8.4Limestone(CaCO3)MgO4.0Dolomite(MgCO3.CaCO3)Al2O31.0Impurity in sand,Feldspar or CalumiteFe2O30.11Impurity in sand or Rouge(Fe2O3)SO30.20Sodium sulphateC0.00Anthracite,15,Raw materials,SiO2Very durable,BUT high melting point(1700C)!+Na2OMelts at a lower temperature
11、,BUT dissolves in water!+CaOMore durable,BUT will not form in bath without crystallisation+MgOGlass stays as a super-cooled liquid in bath,no crystallisation+Al2O3Adds durability+Fe2O3Adds required level of green colour for customer,16,Chemistry of Glass,Important glassmaking chemistry:basic reactio
12、nsNa2CO3+SiO2 1500C Na2SiO3+CO2Na2SiO3+x SiO2 Na2SO4(Na2O)(SiO2)(x+1),Digestion,17,Composition of Glass,18,Structure of Glass,Random network of SiO4-tetrahedral units.Na-O enter Si-O network according to valency Network FormersCa and Mg Network Modifiers make structure more complex to prevent crysta
13、llisation,19,Body-tinted Glass,20,CIE L a*b*colour space,21,CIE L a*b*colour space,22,Functions of a Window,Light in homes,officesLight out shops,museum displaysHeat in heating dominated climatesHeat out cooling dominated climatesCan change properties of glass by applying coatings to the surface,23,
14、Making a window functional-coatings,A wide variety of coating technologies are utilised by the glass industrySpray PyrolysisPowder SprayChemical Vapour DepositionSputter CoatingThermal Evaporation CoatingsSol Gel CoatingsThese are appliedOn Line i.e.as the glass is produced on the float lineOff Line
15、 i.e.coating not necessarily produced at the same location,24,Variations of CVD,Atmospheric Pressure APCVDLow Pressure-LPCVDAerosol Assisted-AACVD Metalorganic MOCVDCombustion/Flame CCVDHot Wire/Filament HWCVD/HFCVDPlasma Enhanced-PECVDLaser Assisted LACVDMicrowave Assisted MWCVDAtomic Layer Deposit
16、ion ALD,25,Chemical Vapour Deposition,26,Chemical Vapour Deposition,Main gas flow region,Gas Phase Reactions,Surface Diffusion,Desorption of Film Precursor,By Products,Diffusion to surface,27,Chemical Vapour Deposition,Animation kindly supplied by Dr.Warren Cross,University of Nottingham,28,CVD proc
17、esses and parameters,29,CVD Precursor Properties,Volatile gas,liquid,low melting point solid,sublimable solidPureStable under transportReact/Decompose cleanly to give desired coating minimise contaminantsCan be single source or dual/multi-source,30,CVD Precursors,Single Source pyrolysis(thermal deco
18、mposition)e.g Ti(OC2H5)4 TiO2+4C2H4+2H2O(400 C)Oxidation e.g SiH4(g)+O2(g)SiO2(s)+2H2(g)Reduction e.g.WF6(g)+3H2(g)W(s)+6HF(g)Dual source e.g.TiCl4(g)+4EtOH(g)TiO2(s)+4HCl(g)+2EtOEt(g),31,Dual Source and Single Source Precursors,32,Transport of Precursors,Bubbler for liquids and low melting solids,D
19、irect Liquid Injection syringe and syringe driver for liquids and solutions Sublimation for solids hot gas passed over heated precursorAerosol of precursor solutions,33,Effect of Temperature on Growth Rate,Independent of temperature,34,Flow conditions,Laminar Flow regime,Turbulent Flow Regime,35,Rey
20、nolds Number,Dimensionless number describing flow conditions,r=Mass density related to concn and partial pressureu=average velocity=viscosityL=relevant length,related to reactor dimensions,If Re 1000 fully turbulent flowReality is between the two extremes,36,Dimensionless Numbers,Reduces the number
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