考研英语写作考研英语写作课课程.ppt

1,考研写作,2,考研作文总体介绍,小作文（应用文）要求：100words，满分10分，平均分5.56分，考场建议时间：20分钟，考试内容：投诉，建议，邀请，辞职，道歉，申请，推荐，求职，离职等内容，目标得分：8分；,3,考研作文总体介绍,大作文以图画题为主，早年考过图表文章，提纲作文，背景作文以及开放式作文要求：160200字，满分20分，平均分11分，考场建议时间：40分钟；目标得分：14分,4,A节应用文的评分侧重点,信息点的覆盖内容的组织语言的准确性格式语域的恰当注：对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题做调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分,5,B节作文的评分重点,内容的完整性文章的组织连贯性语法结构和词汇的多样性语言的准确性,6,解读评分原则（以大作文为例）,奖励分（3分）基准分（17分）哪个更好提高呢?,7,奖励分给分原则,书法笔迹 大字vs小字笔的选择,8,奖励分给分原则,正确正规可读非正规标记：&,Vs,etc.简写的问题：WTO？World Trade Organization(WTO)_共200字！,9,奖励分给分原则,标点的问题随意点逗号的问题句号的问题省略号顿号书名号惊叹号和问号,10,奖励分给分原则,修改的问题尽量不修改反对对于内容的修改正确的修改方法修正液,11,基准分的考察范围,内容形式语言,12,一 内容,相关即可，自圆其说13个万能理由经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久,13,经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久你认为是住在城市里面好还是乡下好？,住在城里的好处？安全健康交流情感经济效率环境方便,住在乡下的好处？经济安全环境性格空间耐久交流方便,14,经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久在你家附近建一个超市，你是否同意？,同意？经济效率交流他人方便环境情感,不同意？安全健康环境方便空间经济,15,经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久养宠物的利与弊？,养宠物的好处？交流安全健康经济性格情感耐久,养宠物的坏处？经济安全交流他人方便环境健康,16,课后练习,A 堵车的好处B 举办奥运会的坏处,17,避免跑题例：温室的花朵经不起风雨,18,内容趋同最保险,1997年托福考试真题：20世纪即将过去，21世纪马上到来，在你看来，20世纪最著名的发明事什么？为什么？它将对21世纪带来怎样的影响？,19,万能话题的选择一例多用,环保话题：在你家周围建一个工厂，你是否同意？你认为科学家对人类的贡献大还是艺术家对人类的贡献大？你的职业梦想是什么？如果让你发明一样机器，你会选择什么？,20,二形式比较重要,分段段落安排合理,21,三 语言最重要,谚语和典故修辞准确和地道复杂的句式多变的用词,22,1 谚语和典故,Just as an old Chinese proverb says,Just as an old English proverb says,Just as an old Arab proverb says,23,谚语和典故,日常积累谚语是可以编的具体的问题抽象化，抽象的问题具体化,24,（1）具体的问题抽象化,白猫黑猫，抓住耗子就是好猫结果最重要Ends justify means.,25,（2）抽象的问题具体化：,劳逸结合要懂得休息和休闲All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.男大当婚，女大当嫁结婚是正常的行为Each Jack has his Jill.,26,总结,不要直白的表达自己的目的；Jack 和Jill在谚语中经常出现否定常出现练习：人是铁，饭是钢，一顿不吃饿的慌。No longer can Jack live without grain.,27,2 修辞,a busy beethe blue skythe black coffeea evil devila pure angeldeep ocean,as busy as a beeas blue as skyas black as coffeeas evil as a devilas pure as an angelas deep as ocean,28,3 语言的准确和地道,少写多改翻译新概念第二册后三十篇文章，与原文进行对照，找出自己的不足,29,4 复杂的句式,简单句变复杂的方法五大经典句型,30,（1）简单句变复杂的方法,形容词和副词同位语作插入语介词结构作修饰非限定性定语从句非谓语动词,31,a 形容词和副词,老刘讲课。黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课。,32,b 同位语作插入语,什么是同位语？位置相同的语言叫作“同位语”黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘，一个二十六岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊的课。所有名词后面可加同位语,33,c 介词结构作修饰,在一个艳阳高照的秋日的午后，在刚刚建好的天津新东方的教室里，黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘，一个二十六岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊的课。,34,d 非限定性定语从句,在一个艳阳高照的秋日的午后，在刚刚建好的天津新东方的教室里，黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘，一个二十六岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊的课，which left us a deep impression.,35,e 非谓语动词,我是一名教师。我讲课。I am a teacher.I give classes.I am a teacher and I give classes.Because I am a teacher,I give classes.I am a teacher,so I give classes.Being a teacher,I give classes.I,being a teacher,give classes.,am，（be）,being,36,e 非谓语动词,我不是一名教师，但是我讲课。I,not being a teacher,give classes.我过去是个学生，但是现在我讲课。am beingwas having beenI,having been a student,give classes.我过去不是学生，但是现在我讲课。I,not having been a student,give classes.汝非鱼，安知鱼之乐乎？,37,e 非谓语动词,你自己不是鱼。You are not a fish yourself.你怎么能知道鱼的欢乐呢？How can you know the happiness of a fish？How can you,not being a fish yourself,know the happiness of a fish?我们自己不是老年人，我们怎么能知道老年人的痛苦呢？,38,e 非谓语动词,当前后两个句子的主语相同的时候，可以去掉一个主语，将句号改为逗号，并将其中一个动词变为ing,或者having done得形式,being 除表进行时往往可被省略。如果主语不同呢？今天很热。我在家呆着了。It is hot today.I stay at home.It being hot today,I stay at home.,39,e 非谓语动词,am beingwas having beendodoingdidhaving done,40,(2)五大经典句型,倒装虚拟语气as引导的状语从句状语从句的省略问题rather than vs other than,41,a 倒装,介词地点状语提前，后接系表倒装In the sunshine,stands a young tree.(注意主谓一致)否定副词提前，部分倒装。Hardly can I do it.虚拟语气的省略倒装（略）,42,b 虚拟语气,It is high time that 主语did（是做某件事情非常紧急和迫切的时刻了。）问题如此严重，我们必须马上解决这个问题。The situation being so serious,it is high time that we took effective measures to,43,b 虚拟语气,It is important/necessary/urgent+that+(should)+do 我们必须制订（work out）一些法律法规（laws and regulations）来解决这个问题。It is imperative that laws and regulations should be worked out to,44,b 虚拟语气,条件从句引导的虚拟语气,45,c as引导的状语从句,让步状语从句：Although she is a girl,she sings like a man.Girl as she is,she sings like a man.尽管漫画很简单，但是其寓意却非常深刻。Simple as the picture is,the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.,46,d 状语从句的省略问题,When in Rome,do as Romans do.When in Rome,you do as Romans do.(祈使句的省略)When you are（状语从句的省略）in Rome,you do as Romans do.规略：当从句和主句的主语相同，而从句中的动词为系动词的时候，从句中的主语和系动词可以被省略,47,d 状语从句的省略问题,6岁的时候，我老爸开始给我讲英文。When at the age of 6,my father began to teach me English.怎么改?When I was at age of 6,my father began to teach me English.When at the age of 6,I was taught English by my father.,48,e rather than vs other than,rather than：而不是（万能插入语）I am the best teacher.I,rather than anyone else,am,rather than was,the best teacher,rather than the worst one.,49,e other than:除了,I,other than anyone else,am the best teacher.No one,other than I,is the best teacher.中国正在面临非常严重的。问题。,50,5词汇的多样性,词汇量的概念简单词复杂化的方法五大恶心词汇词汇的替换方法,51,5.1 词汇量的概念,拼写稍微复杂的单词，放弃初中词汇,52,5.2 简单词复杂化的方法,(1)of+n.=adj.,53,5.2 简单词复杂化的方法,(2)the poor,the beautiful,the old,54,5.2 简单词复杂化的方法,(3)n.+and its like。和他的同类（作为从一个到多个的推广方法，议论文常用）表达陌生的词汇,55,5.2 简单词复杂化的方法,(4)so called+n.所谓的,56,5.3 五大恶心词汇,importantsignificant,necessary,essential,urgentveryof great importance,significantly important替换very的方法：将adj.的同义词 变为adv.即相当于very,57,5.3 五大恶心词汇,Differentvarious,a variety of,vary from person to personPeoples opinions are various.People have a variety of opinions.Peoples opinions vary from person to person.Think thing,58,5.4 词汇的有效替换,上下义词的概念同义词和反义词代词,59,文章的连贯性问题,并列 as well as,andas well,not only but also转折转折副词(不能连接两个句子):however,instead,unfortunately,fortunately,in fact,on the contrary转折连词:while,but,60,文章的连贯性问题,递进连词 first,second,thirdTo begin with,Besides,Last but not leastOn one hand,on the other,In addition,61,文章的连贯性问题,因果关系副词:consequently,hence,thus,consequently,therefore,thereby,as a consequence介词:owing to,thanks to,due to,连词:so,and consequently,62,文章的连贯性问题,万能关联词in other word,that is to say,as a matter of fact,63,范文分析,98.1母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺 Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:1 write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon此提纲应分为两段写作）2 give your comments描述图画阐释寓意给出评论（解决方法）,64,范文分析,The past several years have witnessed a phenomenon that a variety of promises have been arising from all walks of life.Regrettably,quite a lot of promises are sheer nonsense,just as the hen in the given cartoon commits herself to lay eggs which are round without any angles and corners and have shells,egg whites and yolks.,65,范文分析,Odds and funny as they sound,such false promises can be seen and heard everywhere in our country.Administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly without taking any bribes;manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality;commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic services.Can you find anything new and substantial other than their obligations,duties and jobs in these so called promises?I guess your answer will be negative.As a matter of fact,their intention to make such commitments is nothing but to put on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.,66,范文分析,I dare say that your society is suffering corruption and cheat which are causing damage to society both materially and morally.But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one can survive the intense competition under market economy system.They should remember the old saying,“Honesty is the best policy”.,67,范文分析,Here is an interesting cartoon:With her head held high,maybe singing,a hen stands proudly in the cartoon of the picture with a notice in hand.It says:“Firstly,I promise that the eggs I lay are absolutely round without any square corners.Secondly,they all have shells and cores.”Its so ridiculous that we cant help laughing.But after that there must be something left.,68,范文分析,Recently,many promises have come up in many walks of life,especially the service departments.They promise you that they will provide you with warm smile service and good products.At first you are moved nearly to thank them.But if you think twice,you may wonder if those should be their duties.It goes without saying that factories should produce goods of quality,department stores should serve customers politely,buses should arrive on time,and so forth,because all of these are their responsibilities.But why should they promise what are their due jobs?One reason may be that they want to correct their past mistakes under the planned economic system.Another is that they intend to improve their images and please the customers.,69,范文分析,In my opinion,trying to be better is worth welcoming,but making empty promises is unacceptable.If factories,stores and administrations do their jobs well rather than talk nonsense,our society will be more prosperous.,70,范文分析,As is shown in the cartoon,the hen made two pieces of promises.On the one hand,she said that her eggs would be sure to be round.On the other hand,she could ensure that her eggs must have egg crust,egg white and egg yellow.According to the words given in the picture,we know that making promises is very popular among different departments and organizations.But its clear that what they promise is nothing but their obligations or duties.This phenomenon is not a good thing to our society.,71,范文分析,There are at least two main reasons,I think,for this phenomenon.In the first place,some enterprises want to pursuit fashion,but have not true promise to make,so they promised what they didnt need to say.Secondly,it is a normal phenomenon in the process of reform and open door to the world.Maybe there are some other reasons,but the mentioned above is commonly accepted.,72,范文分析,As far as I am concerned,I believe that this phenomenon is not a good thing,but with the reform and open door policy being carried out,and with the development of our national economy,these problems will be solved step by step.I am sure my opinion is sound and well-grounded.,73,范文分析,这个问题迟早会得到解决(消失).It will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of the past.万能句式结尾请注意在时间状语从句中的时态问题”主将从现”,74,范文分析,总结段落安排合理聪明的学生举例子句式复杂多样用词有效替换语法错误较少我们的目标？,75,考研写作题型深度剖析,Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3)support your view with an example/examples.,76,考研写作题型深度剖析,05.1 养老足球赛Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should first describe the drawing,then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it.描述图画阐释寓意给出评论,77,考研写作题型深度剖析,04.1 终点又是新起点：Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:1 describe the drawing;2 interpret its meaning,and 3 support your view with examples.描述图画阐释寓意举例论证（至少2个）,78,考研写作题型深度剖析,03.1 温室的花朵经不起风雨Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:1 describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning2 point out its implications in our life描述图画阐释寓意生活中的意义？,79,考研写作题型深度剖析,02.1美国女孩子穿中国传统服饰：Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay entitled“cultures-national and international”In the essay you should1 describe the picture and interpret its meaning,and（此提纲应分为两段写作）2 give your comments on the phenomenon描述图画阐释寓意给出评论,80,考研写作题型深度剖析,01.1 爱心是一盏灯1 showing your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the pictures below.2 give a specific example,and 3 give your suggestion as to the best way to show love描述图画（阐释寓意）举例论证给出评论（suggestion）,81,考研写作题型深度剖析,98.1母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺 Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:1 write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon此提纲应分为两段写作）2 give your comments描述图画阐释寓意给出评论（解决方法）,82,结论,负面话题1 describe the picture描述图画2 interpret its symbolic meaning阐释寓意（举例子）3 give your comments给出评论（多为解决方法）,好的、中性话题1 describe the picture描述图画interpret its symbolic meaning（不举例子）举例子,83,描述图画段落,万能开头句描述图画总结,84,万能开头句,目前，世界正在面临。的问题One of the pressing problems facing our nation/world today is.人们慢慢认识到。There is a growing worldwide awareness of.,85,万能开头句,报纸上有一张图画引起人们广泛的关注。There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper.Cartoon,photograph,drawingMagazine,journal,86,万能开头句,中国正在面临非常严重的(养老/环境/社会)问题 In no country other than China,it has been said,is the problem of more serious.,87,万能开头句,在过去十年间，由于改革开放政策的执行，我国的经济有了巨大的发展，但同时带来了一些问题，而下面的问题是最严重的。在时间中发生了事件由于有了巨大的发展但同时带来了一些问题下面的问题是最严重的。,88,万能开头句,The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owing to the reform and open door policy being carried out,bringing some problems at the same time,with the following one being the foremost,89,描述图画,As is shown in the picture,（后接完整单独句子描写图画）Shown,depicted,drawnPicture,cartoon,drawing,photographClearly,Vividly,ridiculously,interestingly,90,描述图画,开始真正描写图画:在图画中央有,它,周围有 可以使用倒装主语与前文一致,可使用非限定性定语从句或者现在分词介词作伴随结构,91,92,描述图画,如图所示，黑暗中有一盏小小的油灯，它向周围散发着光亮。As is shown in the cartoon,in the darkness happily stands a candle.It spreads brightness around itself.,93,描述图画,As is shown in the cartoon,in the darkness happily stands a candle,spreading brightness around itself.Just as an old Arab proverb says,love is just like love,being brighter in the darker places.Just as an old Arab proverb says,where there is love,there is hope.,94,95,描述图画,照片中央站着一位美丽的美国女孩,她穿着传统的中国服饰,佩戴着各种各样的饰物,脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容.,Stands？,96,描述图画,As is vividly shown in the photo,in the sunshine stands a pretty American girl,(who is)in Chinese traditional clothes,wearing necklace and its like,with a sweet smile on her face.,97,98,描述图画,操场上有一个小伙子在跑步，向着终点冲刺。然而，终点又被命名为起点。尽管他已经很累了（大汗淋漓），但是他还要乐观的继续跑下去。,RunsRushing toBe defined as尽管？,99,描述图画,As is shown in the cartoon,on the playground runs a young man,rushing to the final,which is defined as another start one.Tired as he is,he has to continue his journey optimistically.,100,101,描述图画,图画中央躺着一位老年人,蜷缩着像一个皮球,他被四个子女赶出门外;而四个子女各自把守着自己家的大门,拒绝接纳老人.,LiesLike使用定语从句还是分词？谁把守？,102,描述图画,In the middle of the picture lies an old man.He crouches like a football,who is rejected by his sons and daughter.they are guarding their homes respectively and refusing to take care of their father.,103,描述图画,In the middle of the picture lies an old man,crouching like a football,who is rejected by his sons and daughter,who are guarding their homes respectively and refusing to take care of their father.,104,105,描述图画,如图所示，在椅子上有一个年轻人，希望理发师把自己的头发理成贝克汉姆的样子。As is vividly drawn in the picture,in the chair sits a young man,having his hair cut as cool as David Beckham.,106,107,描述图画,温室里有一朵柔嫩的小花,长的很茂盛,而温室为它遮风挡雨.当小花从温室中挪出来的时候，它无法抵抗风雨的侵蚀，很快就枯萎了，任由它的花叶随风飘零。,StandsGrow vigorouslyWith 结构When it is removed from the shelter,it cannot stand the brush of the rain.枯萎？随风飘零？,108,描述图画,in the green house stands a delicate flower,growing vigorously,with the shelter protecting it from the brush of the storm.When removed out of the protection,the flower cannot stand the storm and quickly dies,with its leaves falling in the wind.,109,总结,尽管图画很简单,但其寓意却是非常深奥的.Simple as the picture is,the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean.作者的真实目的不是图画本身，而是要引导我们去探求在图画背后究竟隐藏着什么.(任选)The authors real purpose is not the fact itself,but to lead us to find what hides behind the ice burg.,110,第一段注意事项,万能开头如图所示，非谓语动词，with伴随结构总结注意用词替换一副图尽量用一个句子表示。,111,意义阐释段落,描述图画中各部分的象征意义段落具体描述展开段落阐释原因(可能性较小),112,描述图画中