职称英语强化课程-词汇及语法要点.ppt

职称英语强化课程,词汇及语法要点,职称英语强化课程,2,职称英语,词汇选项（15分）阅读判断（7分）概括大意与完成句子（8分）阅读理解（45分）补全短文（10分）完形填空（15分）,考试题型简介,职称英语强化课程,3,词汇题的特点,考查同义词、近义词考单词，也考短语、词组可以带词典，但以下两类词典不能带入考场：1、国家规定电子出版物不能带入考场;2、有职称字样及针对职称英语考试编写的字典均不能带入考场,例如字典上有职称英语字样的等。,职称英语强化课程,4,复习建议,多练查词典如果有时间，尽量背一些单词和短语.一些常用的词根词缀可以帮助记忆,职称英语强化课程,5,Ante-表示“反对的”：antisocial反社会的auto-表示“自已的”：autobiography自传bi-表示“两个”：bicycle自行车bio-表示“生命”：hiology生物学co-表示“共同”：cooperate合作counter-表示“相反的”：counter-clockwise逆时针de-表示“除去”：defrost除霜dis-表示否定：dishonest不诚实的il-表示否定(在字母l的前面)：illegal非法的im-表示否定(在字母m，b和P的前面)：impossible不可能的in-表示否定：inactive不活泼的ir-表示否定(在字母r的前面)：irregular不规则的inter-表示“互相”：international国际的,kilo-表示“千”：kilometers千米，公里mid-表示“中间”：midday中午mini-表示“特小的”：miniskirt超短裙mis-表示“错误地”：misunderstand误解non-表示否定：nonstop直达的post-表示“后的”：postwar战后的pre-表示“前的”：prewar战前的re-表示“重新”：rewrite重写sub-表示“下面的”：subway地下铁路super-表示“超级”：superfine特级的tele-表示“距离远的”：telescope望远镜trans-表示“跨越”：transpacific跨越太平洋的tri-表示“三”：triangle三角形un-表示否定：unimportant不重要的,职称英语强化课程,6,1名词后缀-ee：employee雇员trainee受训者-er，-or：writer作家，conductor导体-ion，-tion，-ation：collection收集，composition作文，observation观察-ian：historian历史学家，politician政治家-ist：artist艺术家，scientist科学家-ment：arrangement安排，development 发展-ness：kindness仁慈，happiness高兴-ology：biology生物学，psychology心理学-ship：friendship友谊，membership会员 资格-ty，-ity：eurelty残忍，purity纯净2动词后缀-en：fasten扎牢，shorten缩小-ify：beautify美化，simplify简化-ize：modernize现代化，standardize标准化,3形容词后缀-able，-ible，-ble：acceptable可接受的，divisible可分开的-al：environmental环境的，exceptional 例外的-ful：beautiful漂亮的，useful有用的-ic，-ieal：atomic原子的，economical节俭的-less：careless粗心的，homeless无家可 归的-ive：attractive有吸引力的，effective有效的-ous：dangerous危险的，famous著名的-ly：daily每天的，manly丈夫气概的-Y：dirty脏的，thirsty渴的4副词后缀-ly：compeletely完全地，really真正地-ward：backward向后，onward向前-wise：clockwise顺时针地，likewise同样地,职称英语强化课程,7,解题技巧及注意事项,词汇题不要当做翻译题来做.做题时间：1520分钟要分清词性能辨别出原形一致性原则动词的及物性/不及物性一致名词的单复数一致时态一致,职称英语强化课程,8,词汇题解题技巧-查字典,划线的是一个单词划线的是两个单词a.介词+名词b.动词+副词划线的是三个单词a.动词+副词+介词b.动词+名词+介词c.有并列连词连接的两个词性相同的词划线的是四个单词：动词+副词+物主代词+名词,职称英语强化课程,9,一些高频词汇短语,1.名词：research,researcher,study,scientist,professor,a team leader,finding,conclustion,result,reason,cause,idea,opinion,attitude,factor,problem,question,passage,paragraph,influence/impact/effect,example,case,remark/comment2.动词：report,mention,infer,replace,suggest,show,cause,lead to,attributeto,have to,learn,have(something,nothing)to do with,happen/occur/take place,mean,refer to,start/begin,affect,explain,think,consider/takeas,agree to,object,be able to do something.3.形容词：true,false,related to,concerned about,following,based on,active,different,same,similar,indifferent,interested,serious,positive,certain,likely,possible/probable,difficult,easy,some,many,most,few,little,either,neither,all,whole4.介词短语结构：according to,due to,because of,in the opinion of5.副词：partly,mostly,for example/for instance,however,therefore,consequently,moreover,besides,in addition,as a result,to sum up,in conclusion,hardly/rarely/seldom,tooto,much.,职称英语强化课程,10,1.She always finds fault with everything A simplifies B evaluates C criticizes D examins2.The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its centre.A get rid of B set up C repair D paint3.The football team，for the most part，were confident of winning the match.A mostly B partly C only D really 4.Have you got a spare pen?A a short B an extra C a thinD a long5.This sort of thing is bound to happen.A sureB quickC fastD swift6.First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money.A at any place B at any price C in any language D in any country7.Mary called me up very late last night.A shouted at me B visited me C telephonedD waked me,职称英语强化课程,11,8.Mary gets up at the same time every morning.A rises B raises C arrives D stands up 9.A beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday.A waited on B talked to C spoke to D stayed with10.Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990.A in B around C from D before11.He was one of the principal organizers of the association.A planners B employees C actorsD recipients 12.Although originally a German innovation,kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children.A an easy B a playfulC an openD a better 13.We have got to abide by the rules.A stick to B persist in C safeguard D apply,职称英语强化课程,12,语法点-概述,动词：1.谓语动词：时态（八个），语态（六个+含有情态动词的被动语态，语序（倒装句），主谓一致2.非谓语动词：形式（四个基本形式），特殊的动词3.用字典查答案名词和量词：1.名词的标志2.量词最基本的用法形容词与副词：形容词与副词的比较级与最高级从句：常见的从句，句子机构：主谓宾，定状补,职称英语强化课程,13,语法点-谓语动词的时态,一般现在时，谓语动词：am,is,are,do,does一般过去时，谓语动词：did一般将来时，谓语动词：will do过去将来时，谓语动词：would do现在进行时，谓语动词：am/is/are+doing过去进行时，谓语动词：was/were+doing现在完成时，谓语动词：have/has+done过去完成时，谓语动词：had+done,职称英语强化课程,14,现在完成时,Have/has 由主语来决定 时态都与时间有关。现在完成时的时间状语：since,many/several/four/three times,for+时间段,by the end of,during,in the las,past five yearsSince:自从,since+时间状语从句Since后面既可以从句也可以接时间,作“自从”意是，主句为现在完成时。考时态，看时间，没有时间看谓语动词,职称英语强化课程,15,Practices,1.The old teacher _ in the school since 1962 A worked B works C has worked2.I know something about Xian.I _there many times A have gone B went C have been3.hes worked in this school _ it opened A for B since C before4.By the end of 2000,all the teachers in our school _ of their own A have had B had had C will have5.His father _ for four years A has been dead B has died C died6.During the last three or four hundred years,the worlds polulation _ very fast A grew B had grown C has grown7.My parents _ to Kunming.They left this morning and will return in a month.A have been B went C have gone8.Mrs Wu _ here for thirteen years A has come B has been C has gone,职称英语强化课程,16,一般过去时,表示过去的时间状语Yesterday,the day before yesterday,this morning,three days ago过去式的变化形式：-ed,不规则变化1.The train _ ten minutes ago.A arrived B arrives C is arriving,职称英语强化课程,17,现在进行时,表达形式：am/is/are+doing时间状语：now，现阶段，look,listen,Look!The children _ on the ground happily.Lets join them.A play B have played C are playingListen!Someone _ at the door A knocked B knocking C is knocking,职称英语强化课程,18,一般将来时,表示从现在这个点起往后还没发生的结构：will do,be going to do，祈使句时间状语：tomorrow,这个月底，今天晚上There _ a sports meet our school next week A will have B is going to be C hold D will holdThey _ Shandong next month.A visit B visited C are going to visitThey will arrive here _ two month A after B for C inIm sorry shes out and she _ back until 9:30.A will come B come C wont be,职称英语强化课程,19,过去将来时,过去的某个时间点/某段时间正在进行的动作结构：was/were+doing-Did you see Jim yesterday?-Yes,at eight oclock he _ an English story book A read B had read C was reading,职称英语强化课程,20,过去完成时,过去的过去结构：had doneWhen you got home,they _ A had left B have left C have went away,职称英语强化课程,21,主将从现,主将从现：主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时；适用于时间状语从句（when,as soon as)和条件状语从句(if)一般将来时：will do,还有含有情态动词的句子，May I come in?I can do it.祈使句 come in please.lets play!,职称英语强化课程,22,1.If it _ we wont go to the park.A rains B rain B raining 2.Could you tell me when the dinner party _,please?A begins B would begin C will begin3.The work _ before he _ A can dois B can be donecomes C will be donearrive4.I dont know if he _ tomorrow.If he _ tomorrow,please tell me.A will comewill come B comescomes C will comecomes5.If it _rain tomorrow,well go to the zoo A doesnt B wont C isnt6.Do you know if Tom _ tomorrow A comes B will come C come,职称英语强化课程,23,语法点-谓语动词的语态,基本结构：be done,时态看be,标志词：by一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are done一般过去时的被动语态 was/were done一般将来时的被动语态 will be done过去将来时的被动语态 would be done现在完成时的被动语态 have/has been done过去完成时的被动语态 had been done含有情态动词的被动语态做题方法：看选项，语态优先，看动词和前面的名词之间的关系不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语,职称英语强化课程,24,1.Pens _ by people for writing.A use B using C are used2.Several thousands of trees _ in our city every year.A have planted B has been planted C are planted3.Tom _ to work long hours yesterday A found B was looked C has been4.She _ lived here for three years A didnt B has been C hasnt5.The work _ before he _ back.A can dois B can be donecomes C will be donearrive6.Our classroom _ everyday.A should clean B clean C should be cleaned7.He _ playing football by his mother on the playground A see B saw C was seen8.Bananas _ in Hainan A are growing B has grown C are grown,职称英语强化课程,25,语法点-倒装句,倒装句：主语的前面出现了be动词，情态动词或者是助动词Be动词：am/is/are/was/were情态动词：can/may/must/should 助动词：do/does/did/will/would/have/has/had倒装句的条件：句子以only开头Only+状语+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语状语：地点副词（there/here),介词短语（in this shop/by this way,状语从句：whenOnly there _(we can see him).Only by this way _(you can do it)否定副词：neither,nor,hardly否定副词+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语She can hardly believe it.Hardly can she believe itI cant believe you,_.A and she cant too B either can she C nor can she,职称英语强化课程,26,语法点 从句的语序,从句的语序：但凡是从句，都是陈述句的语序，不能用倒装Where do you live?-I dont know where you liveWhat is his name?I dont know what his name isWhere will you go?I dont know where you will goTell me Where _ that medicine.A can we get B we can get C should we getNobody knows _.A where does he wor B Where he works C where did he workDo you know where _?A he live B does he live C he lives,职称英语强化课程,27,语法点：主谓一致,主谓一致（完形填空，完成句子）主语和谓语动词数量保持一致Have/has Is/are,was/wereEveryone,someone,anyone,no one,everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everything,something,anything,nothing以上这些词谓语动词用单数Everyone _ at school today.A are B is C am,职称英语强化课程,28,用字典查动词,如何利用字典动宾搭配：如果选项是四个不同的动词，看横线后面有没有名词，有名词则构成动宾搭配介词副词：如果选项是四个不同的动词，看横线后面有没有介词、副词根据题干中后面的动词形式来决定前一个动词要求查字典比较快，应该练习查字典的速度,职称英语强化课程,29,Will you go and _ the football match?A have a look B look at C watchIts cold today.Please _ your sweater A put on B wear C take offExcuse me,may I _ your telephone?I have something important to tell my mother A tke B lend C useI _ my English book in reading-room,please go and get it for me A forgot B lost C leftShe began to _ something,but stopped when she heard the teacher speaking A tell B speak C sayDont forget to _ an umbrella with you,its going to rain A bring B take C carryIt was raining hard when she _ school A arrived B get C reachedHow much does this sweater _?A take B spend C costEverybody here is busy _ Christmas and buying Christmas presents A looking for B taking care of C getting ready for,职称英语强化课程,30,Heres Pollys food in these bags.Theyre both full.Theres enough to _for two months.A last B stop C liveJohn _ him that he should say a few words about this at the meeting A talked B told C spokeIts not polite to _ others A be angry with B catch up with C laugh at“The village is quite far from here.Im afraid you have to _ a bus.”The Young Pioneer told the old man.A take B carry C sitFather Christmas _ on top of the house and climbs down the chimney into the fireplace.A reaches B lands C arrivesPlease remember to _ the light before you leave.A close B open C turn offWu Peng dropped his stick!He stopped to get it and of course _.A tried on B fell off C fell behindShe took out her money and _ the dress.A found out B paid for C sent forI havent _ my uncle for a long time.A heard B heard from C received,职称英语强化课程,31,语法点-非谓语动词,非谓语动词的形式to do-not to doDo(不带to的不定式)DoingDone否定形式：not to do什么时候用非谓语动词：谓语动词的前边或者后边再出现动词的时候I will go.I will go to play football.I will go to see a movie.非谓语动词是用to do还是do还是doing由前一个动词来决定。Done 先排除，接触的不多To do,do,doing是放在谓语动词后面的仅仅围绕考试经常出现的情况去讲；考试句子中一般有两个动词，其中一个是谓语动词一些特殊的动词,职称英语强化课程,32,语法点-一些特殊的动词,1.Make/let/have(has):使，让，使役动词Make/let/have(has)sb.do sth.Had better do:最好干什么Why not do:为什么不呢？2.感官动词：see/hear/watch/find/feel/notice sb.do/doing sth.注意：be seen/heard to do/doing sth.be made to do sth.Make him _ for ten hours(work)He was made _ for ten hours(workHear sb._(sing)See the boy _(run)Let them _ there.(go),职称英语强化课程,33,3.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 Look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事 thanks to doing sth.多亏了 owe to doing sth.因为 due to doing sth.归功于 Lead to doing sth.导致 Contribution/contribute to doing sth.贡献 Be busy doing sth.忙着做某事 Cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事4.done:表被动，单独的过去分词不能充当谓语动词 done 取决于离它最近的名词，被动关系用done,主动关系用to do/do/doing have TV set _(repair)have him _(repair)TV set.get the work _(do),语法点-一些特殊的动词,职称英语强化课程,34,The policeman told the boys _ in the street.A not to play B dont play C not playIts time for class.Boys and girls,stop _.A talk B to talk C talkingYoud better _ swimming in the sea A not to go B not go C dont goThe girl was heard _ in the next room A sing B to sing C sangThe machine doesnt work well.Why not _ it _?A haverepair B to haverepair C haverepairedDid you see them _ in the river just now?A to swim B swam C swimmingAll the students were busy _ except Fred.A reading B to read C readMost of the young people enjoy _ the popular songs A sing B to sing C singingIt makes me _ better.A fell B to feel C feel,职称英语强化课程,35,Youd better _ in bed.Its bad for your eyes.A dont read B to not read C not readWhen the baby saw the stranger,he couldnt help _.A cry B to cry C cryingThe boss _ his workers work more than 12 hours a day.A made B asked C toldI want to give the boy something nice _.A to eat B eat C ateThank you for _ us so many interesting stories.A tell B to tell C tellingDont stop and go on _.A read B to read C readingHe was heard _songs loudly late last night.His neighbours were angry with him.A to sing B to singing C singI _ dancing and singing.A Hope B need CenjoyWhen the teacher came into the classroom,the students stopped _ at once A laughing b laughed C laugh,职称英语强化课程,36,A girl saw it _ when she waswalking past.A happened B was happening C happenOne day,I _ some boys playing in that river.A asked B saw C madeThe policeman let the traffic _ again A go B to go C goingYoud better _ in class,boys and girls.A not to talk B not talk C to not talkWe kept _ the ball to each other,they couldnt get it at all.A to pass B passing C passedHe is thirsty.He needs something _ A drink B to drink C to drinkingJim told you _ to Polly in English every day.A speaks B to speak C speak,职称英语强化课程,37,语法点-名词,名词的分类：可数名词与不可数名词，不可数名词不存在复数形式，可数名词复数的特殊形态 man men woman women foot feet,child children名词的特点冠词（the/a/an)后面接的是名词，特例：the+形容词 表示一类人某人的后面接的是名词（my/our/his/her/their/its)介词的后面肯定接名词（on/in/for)Of 两边是名词通过后缀er/or结尾 worker,teacher,visitor,tion/sion 结尾：collection,dicisionness后缀：sadnessment后缀：developmenty结尾：sagety,difficulty,ship结尾：friendshiphood结尾：childhooddom结尾:freedomence/ance结尾：differenceing结尾,职称英语强化课程,38,语法点:名词,名词与量词的关系Some(肯定句），any(疑问句和后定居）既可以接可数名词复数，又可以接不可数名词2.few（几乎没有）,a few(有几个）：few+可数名词的复数3.Little（几乎没有）,a little(有点）后面都接不可数名词4.many,much many+可数名词复数，much+不可数名词5.a lot of,lots of(许多，大量）即可接可数名词复数，又可接不可数名词6.a great deal of(许多，大量）只接不可数名词7.a number of,the number of 后面都接可数名词复数 a number of a lot of,接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式：are/were/have/do the number of 用单数的谓语动词 the number of books is fifty名词所有格1.s一般用于有生命体的 Li Pings book2.of 一般用于无生命的 the window of the classroom名词与冠词（a/an/the):单数可数名词前必须加冠词 the 特指 a/an 泛指,职称英语强化课程,39,How far is it from here to your school?-About six _ walk.A minute B minutes C minutesThe river is very dirty._ people go to swim in it.A A few B Many C FewThe machine was making _.A lot of noice B lot of noices C a lot of noice D lots of noicesWhos the man in the jeep?Hes _ father A Lucy and Lily B Lucys and Lilys C Lucy and LilysThere is _ orange in the glass.I cant give you any.A little B a litte C fewWhat would you like to drink?Id like _ coffee.A any B some C