研究生翻译课程.ppt

A COURSE OFTRANSLATION,ENTER,第一讲 翻译原则简介第二讲 翻译的过程第三讲 英汉词汇现象的对比第四讲 词义的选择，引伸和褒贬第五讲 词法和句法的差异第六讲 加注和释义法,第一讲 翻译原则简介,一、教学目的：了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程：1.翻译的定义和内涵2.中国几位翻译家的理论3.中国翻译史上的论争4.直译与意译5.归化与异化6.段落翻译练习,第二讲 翻译的过程,一、教学目的：怎样去理解和表达；学会表达的基本策略。二、教学过程：1.理解与表达2.切不可望文生义3.习惯与表达4.段落翻译练习,第三讲 英汉词汇现象的对比,一、教学目的：了解英汉两种语言表达的不同，词汇对应与不对应等情况。二、教学过程：1.中西思维的差异导致语言的差异：2.英汉词语完全对应3.英汉词语部分对应4.英汉词语不对应5.汉英表达尽量简洁6.形合和意合7.段落翻译练习,第四讲 词义的选择 引伸和褒贬,一、教学目的：要求准确理解句子中词的意义，从而在翻译时做出正确的选择。二、教学过程：1.词义的选择2.词义的引伸3.词义的褒贬,第五讲 词法和句法的差异,一、教学目的：主要了解英汉句子构成的差异，学会基本的转换方法。二、教学过程：1.词的搭配2.词在句子中的位置3.句序4.英语句子结构转换6.段落翻译练习,第六讲 加注和释义法,一、教学目的：了解在翻译时可以采取不同的策略，加注和释义法适用的情况。二、教学过程：1.Annotation 加注法2.Paraphrase 释义法3.诗歌翻译练习,第七讲 词类转换,一、教学目的：了解和掌握翻译中词类的活用情况，以便在翻译时采取灵活的策略。二、教学过程：1.例句2.古文翻译练习,第八讲 正反表达转换,一、教学目的：了解和掌握在翻译时正面表达和反面表达的灵活使用。二、教学过程：1.英语为肯定式，汉语译作否定式2.英语为否定式，汉语译作肯定式3.双重否定4.一些习惯表达的译法,第九讲 增词法,一、教学目的：了解和掌握增词法（Amplification）在翻译中的运用。二、教学过程：1.根据意义上或修辞上的需要(for purpose of rhetoric or coherence)2.根据句法上的需要(for purpose of syntax),第十讲 省略法（减词法）,一、教学目的：了解和掌握省略法（omission）在翻译中的运用。二、教学过程：1.从语法角度来看2.从修辞角度来看,第十一讲 重复法,一、教学目的：了解和掌握重复法（repetition）在翻译中的运用。二、教学过程：1.重复名词2.重复动词3.重复代词4.关键词语的重复5.应用汉语四字词语和重迭词,第十二讲 定语从句的翻译,一、教学目的：了解和掌握在翻译中运用不同的方法来处理定语从句。二、教学过程：1.限制性定语从句2.非限制性定语从句,第十三讲 习语的翻译,一、教学目的：了解和掌握习语在翻译中的处理方法。二、教学过程：1.英汉习语对比2.英汉习语的翻译方法3.翻译段落练习,第十四讲 无生命主语句的翻译,一、教学目的：了解和掌握无生命主语句（Non-life subject sentences）在翻译中的应用。二、教学过程：1.无生命主语句的类型2.无生命主语句的译法3.翻译段落练习,第十五讲 Metaphor的翻译,一、教学目的:了解和掌握修辞的翻译方法。二、教学过程:1.Metaphor 的界定与概念2.Metaphor 的翻译原则与译法3.翻译段落练习,Tune:“Prelude to Water Melody”,How long will the full moon appear?Wine cup in hand,I ask the sky.I do not know what time of the yearIt would be tonight in the palace on high.Riding the wind,there I would fly,Yet Im afraid the crystalline palace would beToo high and cold for me.I rise and dance,with my shadow I play.On high as on earth,would it be as gay?,The moon goes round the mansions redThrough gauze-draped window soft to shedHer light upon the sleepless bed.Why then when people part,is the oft full and bright?Men have sorrow and joy;they part or meet again;The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane.There has been nothing perfect since the olden days.So let us wish that manWill live long as he can!Though miles apart,well share the beauty she displays.,蘇軾水調歌頭,明 月 幾 時 有？把 酒 問 青 天。不 知 天 上 宮 闕，今 夕 是 何 年？我 欲 乘 風 歸 去，又 恐 瓊 樓 玉 宇，高 處 不 勝 寒！起 舞 弄 清 影，何 似 在 人 間？轉 朱 閣，低 綺 戶，照 無 眠，不 應 有 恨，何 事 長 向 別 時 圓？人 有 悲 歡 離 合，月 有 陰 晴 圓 缺，此 事 古 難 全。但 願 人 長 久，千 里 共 嬋 娟。台灣新聞局 http:/www.gio.gov.tw/,On Quiet Night,I saw the moonlight before my couch,And wondered if it were not the frost on the ground.I raised my head and looked out on the mountain moon,I bowed my head and thought of my far-off home.,千里之外 Thousands of miles apart,屋檐如悬崖 风铃如沧海 我等燕归来 时间被安排 演一场意外 你悄然走开 故事在城外 浓雾散不开 看不清对白 你听不出来 风声不存在 是我在感慨 梦醒来 是谁在窗台 把结局打开 那薄如蝉翼的未来 经不起谁来拆 Eaves erecting high against the world outside,Windmill echoing like the sound of an ebbing tide,I await you through all days and nights.Without a word of good-bye,you pass me by and everything fades into black.Our story started in the wilderness far and wide;with dim air choking all words and passion in our eyes.Then I uttered a sigh,and you have always taken that as a wind that just brushed by.Our destiny was unveiled after my roaming dreams took their flight,leaving me with infinite fear for the pale future without you holding me tight.,我送你离开 千里之外 你无声黑白 沉默年代 或许不该 太遥远的相爱 我送你离开 天涯之外 你是否还在 琴声何来 生死难猜 用一生 去等待 Farewell,my girl,but you say not good-bye.Our heightened distance drives eternity out of sight.Farewell,my girl,will you forever abide?Melody coming from afar bidding lifelong departure doomed for you and I.,一身琉璃白 透明着尘埃 你无瑕的爱 你从雨中来 诗化了悲哀 我淋湿现在 芙蓉水面采 船行影犹在 你却不回来 被岁月覆盖 你说的花开 过去成空白 梦醒来 是谁在窗台 把结局打开 那薄如蝉翼的未来 经不起谁来拆 Dressed in gown of pure bright,you gave me faith that your love will never lie.Raindrops were falling when you came along and sadness was born whereupon,leaving me countless teardrops to ease my fright How I mourn the days when you picked the lotus in the twilight.And with that lonesome boat,you never came back.Time carries away every petal and tide,the past is nothing but void and heartfelt cries.Our destiny was unveiled after my roaming dreams took their flight,leaving me with infinite fear for the pale future without you holding me tight.,我送你离开 千里之外 你无声黑白 沉默年代 或许不该 太遥远的相爱 我送你离开 天涯之外 你是否还在 琴声何来 生死难猜 用一生 去等待 Farewell,my girl,but you say not good-bye.Our heightened distance drives eternity out of sight.Farewell,my girl,will you forever abide?Melody coming from afar bidding lifelong departure doomed for you and I.,中国翻译史上的论争,唐代玄奘 求真 喻俗严复 信达雅 鲁迅 信与达 宁信而不顺赵景深的 宁顺而不信郭沫若 以诗译诗闻一多以 诗笔译诗傅雷 神似论钱钟书 化境傅雷 即使最优秀的译文,其韵味较之原文仍不免过或不及。翻译时只能尽量缩短这个距离,过则求其勿太过,不及则求其勿过于不及。”,鲁迅异化的翻译理论,鲁迅译论主要包括:翻译应为本民族的事业服务,异化的翻译策略有利于民族文化的重建;作为翻译主体的译者有一个文化定位的问题;通顺的译文有可能导致知识的虚伪,迎合本土最易被接受的保守思维定式.鲁迅在那个时代就已敏锐地觉察到现代解构主义提出的问题.一些针对鲁迅翻译理论和实践的批评,不但有失公允,而且未能理解鲁迅所提出观点的深刻含义.鲁迅关于直译的真正含义是他在且介亭杂文二集的“题未定草”中所说的：“凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保持原作的丰姿。”可见，鲁迅并非不要顺，只是在两者不可兼得之时，才宁取信而舍顺。鲁迅的“硬译”，决不是生搬硬套，也不是逐字翻译，而是在引介外国进步文学作品的同时，努力输入新的表现方法来丰富汉语的句法与语汇。,译界狂才许渊冲,1921年出生，江西南昌人，1943年毕业于清华大学外文系后赴欧留学。回国后在北京等地外国语学院任英文、法文教授，1983年起任北京大学国际文化教授。许渊冲被称为将中国古典诗词译成英、法韵文的唯一专家中文专著文学翻译六十年提出了中国学派的文学翻译理论，中国不朽诗三百首由英国企鹅图书公司出版，英文回忆录追忆逝水年华被纽约时报评为“融诗情哲理于往事”。其他重要作品还包括中诗英韵探胜（英文）、中国古诗词三百首（法文）等，翻译了诗经、楚辞、李白诗选、西厢记、红与黑、包法利夫人、追忆似水年华等众多名著。,翻译的归化/异化Domestication or Foreignization是在 1995 年由美国学者 L.Venuti（文努迪）所提出的，而这一术语又直接来源于德国学者 Schleiermacher（施莱尔马赫）1813 年宣读的一篇论文。直译和意译Literal&Free Translation奈达理论的核心概念功能对等Functional equivalence翻译时不求文字表面的死板对应，而要在两种语言间达成功能上的对等Functional equivalence,sometimes called dynamic equivalence or meaning based translation,is a translation method in which the translator attempts to reflect the thought of the writer in the source language rather than the words and forms.The translator will read a sentence or other unit of thought,try to understand it as well as possible,and then write that thought in the target language.,“十大令人厌恶的粗鲁行为”如下：1.职场歧视2.危及他人安全的不规则驾驶或野蛮驾驶3.抢别人功劳4.看不起服务人员5.嘲笑或议论他人的种族、性别、年龄、生理残疾、性取向和宗教6.儿童行为过激7.乱扔垃圾（包括乱扔废弃物、随地吐痰、不清理宠物粪便）8.滥用残疾特权9.在禁烟区吸烟或未征得不吸烟者同意就吸烟10.与人交谈、约会、开会时打电话或发短信,美国人最厌恶的十大不文明行为,Here is the list of“Terrible Ten”behaviors:1.Discrimination in an employment situation2.Erratic or aggressive driving that endangers others3.Taking credit for someone elses work4.Treating service providers as inferiors5.Jokes or remarks that mock anothers race,gender,age,disability,sexual preference or religion,6.Children behaving aggressively7.Littering(including trash,spitting,pet waste)8.Misuse of handicapped privileges9.Smoking in non-smoking places or smoking in front of non-smokers without asking10.Using cell phones or text messaging in mid-conversation or during an appointment or meeting.,1.Discrimination in an employment situation2.Erratic or aggressive driving that endangers others3.Taking credit for someone elses work4.Treating service providers as inferiors5.Jokes or remarks that mock anothers race,gender,age,disability,sexual preference or religion,6.Children behaving aggressively7.Littering(including trash,spitting,pet waste)8.Misuse of handicapped privileges9.Smoking in non-smoking places or smoking in front of non-smokers without asking10.Using cell phones or text messaging in mid-conversation or during an appointment or meeting.,画皮,太原王生，早晨出门遇见一位年轻漂亮的女子，便把她带回家，藏在书房。女子告诉他，对谁也不要说这件事。一天，王生外出碰见一老道，老道见王忙问：“你最近遇到什么了？”王生撒谎说：“什么也没遇见。”老道说：“你身上一股妖气，你的血快被妖精吸干了。”王生回到家里，隔窗往书房内看去，只见一狰狞厉鬼，正用一支彩笔画人皮，听到人的声音后，又忙把人皮往身上一披，立刻变作一位美丽的少女，王生吓得魂飞魄散，拔腿就跑。厉鬼赶上，拉住王生，挖出了他的心。王生妻子陈氏，亲眼看到丈夫被害，悲痛欲绝，她急忙找到道士，跪地哀求道士救她丈夫。老道为考验陈氏救夫的决心，百般戏弄陈氏，并从口中吐出东西让陈氏吃。陈氏一心想救丈夫，什么都忍受了，道士见状哈哈大笑而去。陈氏一到家里，抚着丈夫的尸体大哭，在抱尸收敛时，她突然呕吐，所食东西一下子从口中飞出，落入丈夫腔中，丈夫慢慢地苏醒过来。,Painted Skin,One day a scholar named Wang Sheng in Taiyuan met，on his way out，a beautiful girl.He brought her back to be kept in his study.The girl asked him not to tell anybody.Days later，Wang met a Taoist priest，who asked，Did you have any peculiar encounter？No，Wang firmly denied.But you have an evil air in your face，the priest said with a worried look.And your blood is about to be drained by a monster.Back home，before he entered the room，Wang looked into his study through the window lattice.He saw a fierce-looking devil was painting a hide.,Upon hearing his footsteps the devil hurriedly draped the hide and became the beautiful girl again.Frightened almost to death，Wang broke into a run，but it was too late.The devil caught him，cut open his chest and ate his heart.Wangs wife saw this.The grieved woman fled to seek help from the priest.To see if the woman was sincere about saving her husband，the priest made fun of her.He even bid the woman to eat what he had vomited.To save her husband，she endured everything.The priest laughed before he left.Back home，suddenly she felt like vomiting.Something from her mouth dropped into her husbands cut chest.Slowly，her husband regained his life.,