《语法专题训练》PPT课件.ppt

倒装结构,知识的殿堂,This is because we feel pain,咱们出去走走，好吗?请让我核对一下帐单。充足的睡眠有益于健康。太阳从东方升起。这是因为我们能感到疼痛。,Lets go for a walk,shall we?,Please let me check the bill.,Plenty of sleep is healthful,The sun comes up in the east,Crazy English Sentences,倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语都放在主语的前面；在部分倒装的句子中，只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍放在主语后面。下面将常见的倒装情况分述如下：,1、倒装句之全部倒装,全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与现在时和一般过去时一般。常见的结构有：1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等，例如：There goes the bell./Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词，例如：Out rushed a group of students from the classroom.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Here he comes./Away they went.,2、倒装句之部分倒装,部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way,not until 等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.,典型例题 Why cant I smoke here?At no time _ in the meeting-room.A.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C.smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit,答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,not only,not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.,Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A.man did know B.man know C.didnt man know D.did man know,答案D.看到Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。,3、以否定词开头作部分倒装如:Not onlybut also,Hardly/Scarcelywhen,No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift,he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.,典型例题 No sooner _ than it began to rain heavily.A.the game began B.has the game begun C.did the game begin D.had the game begun,答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及not onlybut(also),no soonerthan,hardly when scarcely when等等。,注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond of music.,4、so,neither,nor 作部分倒装 表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒装，例如：Tom can speak French.So can Jack.If you wont go,neither will I.,典型例题-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I dont know,_.A.nor dont I careB.nor do I care C.I dont care neitherD.I dont care also,答案B。nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A.错在用 dont 再次否定，C.neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D.缺乏连词。,注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.“Its raining hard.”“So it is.”,5、as,though 引导的倒装句 as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前），例如：Old as my father is,he keeps up with his English study.Child as he is,he knows something of electricity.Tired as he was,he continued to work.Young as she was,she was already director of a factory.Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.,注意：1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。2)让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有 but，但是 though 和yet可连用。,6、only在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way,can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装，例如：Only when he is seriously ill,does he ever stay in bed.,7、其他部分倒装1)so that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if 省略，把 were,had,should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you,I would try it again.,典型例题：1.Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A.man did know B.man knew C.didnt man know D.did man know2.Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A.didnt I realize B.did I realize C.I didnt realize D.I realize3.Do you know Tom bought a new car?I dont know,_.A.nor dont I care B.nor do I care C.I dont care neither D.I dont care also,答案为D。Not until 引导的词组位于句首，后面的句子要倒装。答案为B。Not until 引导从句位于句首，后面的主句要倒装。答案为B。句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不。由 so,neither,nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中,so用于肯定句,而 neither,nor 用在否定句中。,倒装句考查热点归纳一、与only有关的倒装句1.(2004重庆)I failed in the final examination last term and only then _ the importance of studies.A.I realized B.I had realizedC.had I realized D.did I realize2.(2001北京)_ can you expect to get a pay rise.A.With hard workB.Although work hardC.Only with hard work D.Now that he works hard3.(2005福建)Only after my friend came _.A.did the computer repair B.he repaired the computerC.was the computer repaired D.the computer was repaired4.(2001上海春季)Only when the war was over _ to his hometown.A.did the young soldier return B.the young soldier returnedC.returned the young soldier D.the young soldier did return,C,D,C,A,5.(2003上海)Only when your identity has been checked _.A.you are allowed in B.you will be allowed inC.will you allow in D.will you be allowed in,解题要领：only引导的倒装句的结构是：only+副词介词短语状语从句+助动词+句子剩余部分。技巧点拨：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装；倒装是把助动词提前，而不是把谓语动词提前。同时还需考虑题目的时态及语态；倒装是指主句的语序倒装，only修饰的状语从句或句子中的其它附属从句语序不变。,D,二、与not onlybut also有关的倒装句1.(1991上海卷)Not only _ polluted,but _ crowded.A.was the city;were the streetsB.the city was;the streets wereC.was the city;the streets wereD.the city was;were the streets2.(2002上海春季卷)Not only _ interested in football but _ beginning to show an interest.A.the teacher himself is;all hisB.the teacher himself is;are allC.is the teacher himself;are allD.is the teacher himself;all his3.(2004上海卷)_ snacks and drinks,but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A.Not only they boughtB.Not only did they bringC.Not only brought theyD.Not only they did bring,C,D,B,解题要领：not only引导的倒装句结构为：not only+助动词+句子剩余部分。not onlybut also在连接两个句子时，前面的句子要倒装，后面的句子不倒装。技巧点拨：识别此类题目干扰项的特点：两个句子都倒装；或者两个句子都不倒装；前面的句子不倒装，后面的句子倒装；缺少助动词。,三、与neither有关的倒装句1.(2004广东卷)Of the making of good books there is no end;neither _ any end to their influence on mans lives.A.there is B.there are C.is there D.are there2.(2004全国卷)I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible._.A.Nor am I B.Neither would I C.Same with me D.So do I,C,B,解题要领：neithernor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。技巧点拨：neithernor引导的倒装结构为：neithernor+助动词+主语(there be句型应为there)。,四、与否定副词有关的倒装句1.(1995全国卷)Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A.did the villagers realizeB.the villagers realizedC.the villagers did realizeD.didnt the villagers realize2.(2000上海)Not a single song _ at yesterdays party.A.she sang B.sang she C.did she sing D.she did sing3.(2000北京卷)I finally got the job I dreamed about.Never in all my 1ife _ so happy.did I feel B.I felt C.I had felt D.had I fell,A,C,D,4.(2003全国卷)The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _ with each other.A.they had quarreledB.they have quarreledC.have they quarreledD.had they quarreled5.(2005上海)Never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.A.has this city beenB.this city has beenC.was this cityD.this city was6.(2005天津)They have a good knowledge of English but little _ they know about German.A.have B.did C.had D.do,C,A,D,解题要领：否定词引导的倒装句的结构是：否定词+句子名词+助动词+句子剩余部分。考点延伸：类似的考点结构有：littleseldomhardlyoftenmany a timerarelyin no wayscarcelyat no timenowhere.+助动词+句子剩余部分；no sooner hadthan(一就)；hardly had when(一就)等结构。,五、与as有关的倒装句1.(2001上海)_ _,I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.A.As long as I have traveled B.Now that I have traveled so muchC.Much as I have traveled D.As I have traveled so much2.(2005重庆)_,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A.A quiet student as he may beB.Quiet student as he may beC.Be a 0uiet student as he mayD.Quiet as he may be a student3.(2005广东)_,Carolina couldnt get the door open.A.Try as she mightB.As she might tryC.She might as try D.Might she as try,C,B,A,解题要领：as引导的倒装句的结构是：形容词副词名词动词+as+主谓。技巧点拨：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词.,六、与虚拟条件句有关的倒装句1.(1994全国卷)_ it rain tomorrow，we would have t0 put 0ff the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will2.(1995上海卷)_for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.A.If it is not B.Were it notC.Had it not been D.If they were not,B,C,解题要领：在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若省略了if，则直接把were,had或should等助动词放在句首。其余的句子成分顺序不改变。,七、与so有关的倒装句1.(2005全国卷III)Mary never does any reading in the evening,_.A.so does John B.John does tooC.John doesnt too D.nor does John2.(2005湖北)Father,you promised!Well,_.But it was you who didnt keep your word first.A.so was I B.so did I C.so 1 was D.so I did3.(2005江苏)_ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A.So curions the couple wasB.So curious were the coupleC.How curious the couple wereD.The couple was such curious,D,D,B,4.(2005辽宁)Well I do think the rabbit is a beautiful，gentle animal which can run very flast._.A.So it is B.So is it C.So does it D.So it does,A,八、与however有关的倒装句1.(1997全国卷)_,mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A.However late is he B.However he is lateB.However is he late D.However late he is2.(2004上海春季)_,I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.A.However the story is amusingB.No matter amusing the story isC.However amusing the story isD.No matter how the story is amusing3.(2004湖北卷)You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever,D,C,A,4.(2005天津)He tried his best to solve the problem,_difficult it was.A.however B.no matter C.whatever D.although,A,解题要领：however倒装的结构为：however+形容词(名词)副词+从句主谓。其余的句子成分顺序不改变。考点延伸：类似的考点结构有：no matter how+形容词副词+从句主谓。例如：No matter how difficult the problem is,we must manage to solve it.无论问题有多么困难，我们都必须设法解决。,5.(2005安徽)Maggie had a wonderful time at the party._,and so did I.A.So she had B.So had she C.So she did D.So did she6.(2001上海)So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.A.I have felt B.have I felt C.I did feel D.did I feel,C,D,解题要领：1.sothat引导的倒装句的结构为：so+形容词副词+主句助动词+句子剩余部分。注意：从句不倒装。2.若so放在句首，表示前面的肯定内容也适用于另一个人或物。其结构为：so+助动词+主语(there be句型应为there)。注意：“so+主语+助动词”这一结构的意思是：确实这样。考点延伸：类似的考点结构有：suchthat引导的倒装句。其结构为：such+aan+形容词+名词+主句助动词+句子剩余部分。例如：Such a difficult problem is it that no one can work it out。这道题如此之难，没有一个人能算出来。,Good-bye!,