《英语词性变化》PPT课件.ppt

三种动词形式变化（即原形，过去式，过去分词）一致的,cast-cast-castcost-cost-costcut-cut-cuthit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtlet-let-letput-put-putset-set-setshut-shut-shut,broadcast-broadcast-broadcastbet-bet-betburst-burst-burstrid-rid-ridspread-spread-spreadread-read-readspit-spit-spit(spat-spat),省略原形动词中两个相同的字母中的其中一个,然后在词尾叫-t,weep-wept-wept（流泪,哭泣）sleep-slept-sleptsweep-swept-swept（扫除,席卷）feel-felt-feltkneel-knelt-kneltsmell-smelt-smeltdwell-dwelt-dwelt（居住，停留）spell-spelt-speltspill-spilt-spilt（溢出,洒,使.流出）,这一类动词也有一个特点，那就是有字母组合-ee或者ll；同样的，也并不是说有这样的字母组合的不规则动词都是这样的变形了。flee-fled-fled,也基本符合这个规则，我们把它归入此类，不过它的过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d,省略原形动词中两个相同字母中的其中一个，,speed-sped-spedfeed-fed-fedbleed-bled-bledmeet-met-metshoot-shot-shotlead-led-ledmislead-misled-misled,这类动词也是以字母-d或者-t结尾，中间的字母组合多数是-ee，当然这里把shoot和lead作为这一类归纳进去了。,把原形动词的最后一个字母-d改成-t,send-sent-sentlend-lent-lentbend-bent-bentspend-spent-spentbuild-built-built,这类动词的规则当然必须是以字母-d结尾的了。多数是-end这样的结尾。这里把build也归入了这一类了。而tend 和mend属于规则变化的动词,有-ow,-aw,这些字母组合的动词，过去式中把这些组合改成-ew，过去分词在动词原形上再加字母-n,blow-blew-blowngrow-grew-grownknow-knew-knownthrow-threw-throwndraw-drew-drawnwithdraw-withdrew-withdrawn,这里特别要提醒同学们注意的是，flewflown并不是动词flow的过去式和过去分词，而是动词fly的过去式和过去分词，而动词flow是一个规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是flowed-flowed:fly-flew-flownflow-flowed-flowed,另外，有-ow字母组合的动词slow 也是规则变化。另一些的有-ow,-ew字母组合的不规则动词变化是过去式加-ed，过去分词在原形动词的基础上加-n,例如：show-showed-shownsow-sowed-sown（播种,散布）mow-mowed-mown（割草,扫射,）sew-sewed-sewn,含有字母组合-ind的动词，在过去式和过去分词中都变成-ound,find-found-foundwind-wound-wound,当然，这一类动词中也有一些例外，比如，mind就是一个规则变化的动词。,有字母组合-in或者-ing或者-ink的动词，过去式把字母-i变成-a，过去分词中把-i变成-u,begin-began-begunsing-sang-sungring-rang-rungspring-sprang-sprung（弹起，弹出,）sink-sank-sunkdrink-drank-drunkswim-swam-swum,此外，以-ing结尾的不规则动词，还有一种变化方式是将字母-i改成-u，过去式和过去分词一致,例如：sting-stung-stungswing-swung-swung,不规则动词以-m,-n,-l,-r结尾的，过去式和过去分词在原形动词词尾加-t或者-d,mean-meant-meantleanleant-leantlearn-learnt-learntdream-dreamt-dreamtburn-burnt-burntdeal-dealt-dealtspoil-spoilt-spoilthear-heard-heard,过去式和过去分词都有-ought的,think-thought-thoughtfight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-boughtbring-brought-broughtseek-sought-sought,另外有两个动词，原形动词以-ch结尾的，过去式和过去分词都有-aught的,我们也把它们归入了此类teach-taught-taughtcatch-caught-caught,动词以元音字母-i加辅音字母加不发音的-e结尾的，一般是在过去式中将字母改成-o，过去分词在原形动词基础上加-n,或者双写这个辅音字母再加-n,arise-arose-arisenrise-rose-risenride-rode-riddenwrite-wrote-writtendrive-drove-drivenstrive-strove-strivengive-gave-given,另一种情况是，过去分词中去掉这个不发音的-e，然后过去分词双写这个辅音字母再加-n的，例如：hide-hid-hiddenbite-bit-bitten,有-ea或者-ee或者-oo的字母组合的不规则动词，过去式是将这个字母组合改成-o，然后在词尾加-e，过去分词是在过去式的基础上再加-n,例如：,break-broke-brokenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolenweave-wove-woven（编织,组合,编排）freeze-froze-frozenchoose-chose-chosenwake-woke-wokenawake-awoke-awoken,动词原形中有字母组合-ay的，过去式和过去分词改成-aid,例如：,say-said-saidpay-paid-paidlay-laid-laid,变动动词原形中的元音字母的,win-won-wondig-dug-dugstick-stuck-stuckhang-hung-hung(悬挂)hang-hanged-hanged(绞死)hold-held-heldsit-sat-satspit-spat-spatshine-shone-shone,另外还有一些都有相同的字母组合，变化相同的，因为例子较少，我们把它们列在一起，作为一组一组来记忆。,shake-shook-shakentake-took-takenmistake-mistook-mistakenwear-wore-wornbear-bore-borntear-tore-tornswear-swore-sworn（发誓,宣誓,咒骂）sell-sold-soldtell-told-told(例外的动词fear,hear等),overcome-overcame-overcomeget-got-gottenforget-forgot-forgottenundertake-undertook-undertaken,+un变反义,believable/acceptable/lock/load/necessary/comfortable/popular/fair Likely/lucky/pleasant reasonable/friendly/happy/healthy/Easy/tidy/packFamiliar/aware/selfish/willing/sure/certain/fortunate/usual/common/wise/kind/fold,+y,difficult/honest/guiltdeliver/discover/recover,动词后加ment 构成的名词,judge/achieve/adjust/agree/amaze/amuse/announce/appoint/arrange/astonish/develop/disappoint/embarrass/encourage/enjoyequip/excite/govern/improve/manage/punish/replace/require/retire/employ/move/settle/treataccomplish/advertise,以de 结尾的动词改de 为sion 构成的名词,conclude explode include,+ence变名词,exist/depend/persist,形容词后加ize构成的动词,summarize modernize generalize specialize symbolize harmonize,加al的形容词,nature-natural agriculture-agricultural architecturearchitectural globe-globalCulture-cultural condition-conditionalcentre-central practice-practical office offcial finance-financial origin-original education-educational environment environmental tradition traditional coast-coastal,以ic结尾的形容词,athlete-athletic adventure-adventurous history-historic(al)/botany-botanical hero-heroic(al),以able结尾的形容词,accept-acceptable avoid-avoidable-unavoidable favourfavourable-unfavorable bear-bearable-unbearable,加 ly 构成的形容词,month-monthly man-manly friend-friendly,加ous 构成的形容词,poison-poisonous fame-famous courage-courageous danger-dangerous mountain-mountainous humour-humourous,加y构成的形容词,wealth-wealthy mess-messy snow-snowy stormstormy thirst-thirsty health-healthy wind-windy blood-bloody cloud-cloudy luck-lucky,二、高考英语完形填空重点词组必背150 条,accept as承认是；接受为 account for 解释,说明accuse sb.of sth.控告(某人某事)achieve ones aim实现目标 adapt oneself to 使自己适应于 address oneself to 从事于；忙着做，着手 amount to 总共达到；实际上是 answer for对负责任 apply oneself to 致力于 approve of赞同；赞许argue with sb.about sth 因和某人争执,assist in doing sth.协助某人做.associate.with.使发生联系；使联合 assure sb.of sth.使(某人)确信(某事)attach importance to 认为重要 back up支持be absorbed in 专心致力于 be accustomed to 习惯于 be addicted to 沉溺于；使吸毒成瘾 be beneficial to 有利于，有益于 be better off 境况富裕；更富有 be bound to 一定会，必然,be burdened with.使负重担 be capable of 有做出(某事)倾向的 be careful with 对小心认真 be caught in(a rain;a traffic jam;the earthquake)偶然遇上（雨，堵塞,地震等）be composed of 由组成 be concerned with 关心，挂念；从事于be crazy about对着迷be cross with sb.at sth.因某事和.发脾气,be curious about 对感到好奇 be deaf to sth.对充耳不闻be determined to do sth 决意/决心做某事 be eager for sth.渴求某事物be fed up with 对感到厌烦，腻了 be jealous of sb嫉妒某人be keen on喜爱,渴望 be located in 位于，坐落在,be marked with 被标上记号 be occupied in 忙于，正从事 be strict with sb.in sth.对要求严格 break up 驱散,学校的放学 burst into tears突然哭起来 call off 取消(计划,比赛)carry/do/make an experiment做实验 cross out 删去,取消 carry on 继续,坚持下去;从事,经营 carry out 进行到底,贯彻执行 catch sight of 发现，看到，突然看见 come across 偶然发现,偶然遇到 clear up 解释,澄清;整理,收拾;天气变晴 come into effect 开始生效，开始实行,come into operation 施行生效；开始工作 come out 出现,显露;出版,发表;结果是comment on评论，批评，解释 compete for为而竞争congratulate sb.on sth.祝贺某人 contribute to 有助于，促成count on 依靠,指望 cut short 中断,打断deliver a speech发表（演说等）devote oneself to 献身于；致力于 dispose of 除掉；干掉；卖掉 drop out 退出,退学,弃权,放弃,figure out 计算出；估计；理解 forgive sb.for sth.原谅某人(做了)某事 gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于 get in a word 插话 get into the habit of养成的习惯 get through接通电话;完成;通过(如考试);花光金钱等,克服困难,解决问题give rise to 引起,导致 go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事 go around 分配,传播,传开 have a gift for music有音乐天分have a good knowledge of 对很熟悉,have access to接近（或进入）的方法have difficulty/trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难 have high hope for sb.对某人抱很大希望 keep an eye on 照看；留意have no mercy on sb.对一点儿也不怜悯 interfere with 妨碍；打扰keep an eye on 照看，留意 keep company with 和 交往 keep in touch 保持联系 keep track of记录；掌握的线索；保持对的联系,knock into sb 撞到某人身上;偶然遇到 knock out 击倒,击昏lay down ones life for 为献出生命 lay emphasis on sth 强调 leave out 删掉 look down on/upon sb 轻视某人 look into sth 调查,了解某事,浏览(书报)look up to sb 尊敬某人 lose heart泄气；灰心 lose ones temper 发怒,发脾气make a difference 有影响，有关系 make a good impression on sb.给某人留下好印象,make a difference 有影响,很重要 make an announcement通知make certain 弄清楚 make contact with sb与某人联络make efforts to do sth.努力做某事 make ends meet量入而出；使收支相抵make the best of 充分利用(时间等)make the most of 充分利用；极为重视make up for 补偿,弥补 make up ones mind 决定,下决心,make wonders创造奇迹 meet the demands满足要求pay back 偿还,回报,向.报复pay off 还清债;给清工资后遣散;得到好结果,取得成功play a joke on sb开玩笑 play a trick on sb.给某人恶作剧 put away放下,收起来,把放在原位,存钱 put in order 使.整齐,秩序井然 put ones heart into 全心全意投入 put through 接通电话,put up with 容忍,忍受 remain in ones memory留在某人的记忆中remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 run a risk of=at the risk of 冒险 run for 竞选 run short 用完,耗尽,不足,不够 set about doing sth 着手做某事set about doing 开始,着手 set an example for 为某人树立榜样 set aside 流出,宣布无效，不顾 set fire to 使燃烧,点燃,settle down 定居,过安定生活 show off 炫耀,卖弄 stand for 代表,意味着;主张,支持;stick to 坚持,忠于,信守 take a chance 碰运气 take a correct attitude towards sth.对抱正确的态度 take advantage of 趁之机，利用 take after 与相象 take back ones words 收回(刚讲的话)take charge of 负责,take into account 把考虑进去take into consideration考虑到，顾及 take on a new look呈现一片新面貌take pains to do 努力做某事 take pleasure in doing sth.喜欢做某事take pride in=be proud of 引以为豪 take turns 轮流 think highly of 高度评价 throw light on sth.解释，阐明,温书假复习计划,