《考研写作》PPT课件.ppt

三 语言最重要,多变的用词谚语和典故修辞准确和地道复杂的句式,1.五大恶心词汇,importantsignificant,necessary,essential,urgentveryof great importance,significantly important替换very的方法：将adj.的同义词 变为adv.即相当于very,五大恶心词汇,Differentvarious,a variety of,vary from person to personPeoples opinions are various.People have a variety of opinions.Peoples opinions vary from person to person.Think thing,词汇的有效替换,上下义词的概念同义词和反义词代词,上下义词,student,person,human being,pupil,middle school student,undergraduate,上下义词,people,relatives,teachers,classmates,colleagues,parents,brothers,sisters,uncles,aunts,supervisors,subordinates,maternal uncles,paternal uncles,elderly paternal uncles,younger paternal uncles,上下义词,people,relatives,teachers,classmates,colleagues,parents,brothers,sisters,uncles,aunts,supervisors,subordinates,maternal uncles,paternal uncles,elder paternal uncles,younger paternal uncles,上下义词,people,relatives,uncles,paternal uncles,younger paternal uncles,主题句,分论点,支持分论点的细节,词汇的多样性,词汇量的概念简单词复杂化的方法词汇的替换方法,a 词汇量的概念,拼写稍微复杂的单词，放弃初中词汇,b.简单词复杂化的方法,(1)of+n.=adj.,b 简单词复杂化的方法,(2)the poor,the beautiful,the old,b 简单词复杂化的方法,(3)n.+and its like。和他的同类（作为从一个到多个的推广方法，议论文常用）表达陌生的词汇,b 简单词复杂化的方法,(4)so called+n.所谓的,2 谚语和典故,Just as an old Chinese proverb says,Just as an old English proverb says,Just as an old Arab proverb says,谚语和典故,日常积累谚语是可以编的具体的问题抽象化，抽象的问题具体化,（1）具体的问题抽象化,白猫黑猫，抓住耗子就是好猫结果最重要Ends justify means.,（2）抽象的问题具体化：,劳逸结合要懂得休息和休闲All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.男大当婚，女大当嫁结婚是正常的行为Each Jack has his Jill.,总结,不要直白的表达自己的目的；Jack 和Jill在谚语中经常出现否定常出现练习：人是铁，饭是钢，一顿不吃饿的慌。No longer can Jack live without grain.,3 修辞,a busy beethe blue skythe black coffeea evil devila pure angeldeep ocean,as busy as a beeas blue as skyas black as coffeeas evil as a devilas pure as an angelas deep as ocean,4 语言的准确和地道,少写多改翻译新概念第二、三册文章，与原文进行对照，找出自己的不足,4 复杂的句式,简单句变复杂的方法五大经典句型,（1）简单句变复杂的方法,形容词和副词同位语作插入语介词结构作修饰非限定性定语从句非谓语动词,a 形容词和副词,蕾姐讲课。白白胖胖的，穿着超短裙的蕾姐激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课。,b 同位语作插入语,什么是同位语？位置相同的语言叫作“同位语”白白胖胖的，穿着超短裙的蕾姐，一个年龄未知的剩女，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊的课。所有名词后面可加同位语,c 介词结构作修饰,在一个春光乍泄的清晨，在刚刚建好的贵阳新东方的教室里，白白胖胖的，穿着超短裙的蕾姐，一个年龄未知的剩女，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊的课。,d 非限定性定语从句,在一个春光乍泄的清晨，在刚刚建好的贵阳新东方的教室里，白白胖胖的，穿着超短裙的蕾姐，一个年龄未知的剩女，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊的课，which left us a deep impression.,e 非谓语动词,我是一名教师。我讲课。I am a teacher.I give classes.I am a teacher and I give classes.Because I am a teacher,I give classes.I am a teacher,so I give classes.Being a teacher,I give classes.I,being a teacher,give classes.,am，（be）,being,e 非谓语动词,你自己不是鱼。You are not a fish yourself.你怎么能知道鱼的欢乐呢？How can you know the happiness of a fish？How can you,not being a fish yourself,know the happiness of a fish?我们自己不是老年人，我们怎么能知道老年人的痛苦呢？,e 非谓语动词,am beingwas having beendodoingdidhaving done,(2)五大经典句型,倒装虚拟语气as引导的状语从句状语从句的省略问题rather than vs other than,a 倒装,介词地点状语提前，后接系表倒装In the sunshine,stands a young tree.(注意主谓一致)否定副词提前，部分倒装。Hardly can I do it.虚拟语气的省略倒装（略）,b 虚拟语气,It is high time that 主语did/should do（是做某件事情非常紧急和迫切的时刻了。）问题如此严重，我们必须马上解决这个问题。The situation being so serious,it is high time that we took effective measures to,b 虚拟语气,It is important/necessary/urgent+that+(should)+do 我们必须制订（work out）一些法律法规（laws and regulations）来解决这个问题。It is imperative that laws and regulations should be worked out to,b 虚拟语气,条件从句引导的虚拟语气,c as引导的状语从句,让步状语从句：Although she is a girl,she sings like a man.Girl as she is,she sings like a man.尽管漫画很简单，但是其寓意却非常深刻。Simple as the picture is,the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.,d 状语从句的省略问题,When in Rome,do as Romans do.When in Rome,you do as Romans do.(祈使句的省略)When you are（状语从句的省略）in Rome,you do as Romans do.规略：当从句和主句的主语相同，而从句中的动词为系动词的时候，从句中的主语和系动词可以被省略,d 状语从句的省略问题,6岁的时候，我老爸开始给我讲英文。When at the age of 6,my father began to teach me English.怎么改?When I was at age of 6,my father began to teach me English.When at the age of 6,I was taught English by my father.,e rather than vs other than,rather than：而不是（万能插入语）I am the best teacher.I,rather than anyone else,am,the best teacher,rather than the worst one.,e other than:除了,I,other than anyone else,am the best teacher.No one,other than I,is the best teacher.中国正在面临非常严重的。问题。,文章的连贯性问题,并列 as well as,andas well,not only but also转折转折副词(不能连接两个句子):however,instead,unfortunately,fortunately,in fact,on the contrary转折连词:while,but,文章的连贯性问题,递进连词 first,second,thirdTo begin with,Besides,Last but not leastOn one hand,on the other,In addition,文章的连贯性问题,因果关系副词:consequently,hence,thus,consequently,therefore,thereby,as a consequence介词:owing to,thanks to,due to,连词:so,and consequently,文章的连贯性问题,万能关联词in other word,that is to say,as a matter of fact,