《汉译英习语翻译》PPT课件.ppt

路遥知马力，事久见人心,留得青山在，不怕没柴烧,一年之计在于春,哑巴吃黄连有苦说不出,十五个吊桶七上八下,和尚打伞无法无天,脚踏两只船,偷鸡不着蚀把米,一个巴掌拍不响,车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直,人不可貌相，海水不可斗量,趁热打铁,一箭双雕,火上浇油,了如指掌,Translation of Chinese Idioms,习语翻译,Idioms:(in broad sense may include):set phrases,proverbs,sayings,epigrams,slang expressions,colloquialisms,quotations,two-part allegorical sayings习语(又称熟语)：短语，成语，俗语，谚语，格言，箴言，名言(引语或语录)，警句，隽语，俚语，粗话，行话，歇后语(包括双关语),Features of Idioms,英汉习语的共同特征：1、习语是一个民族的语言中最为精彩的一章，是民族文化的瑰宝与结晶。2、习语是语言中独立、不规则而固定的因素，往往以短语或短句的形式出现在句中，在句中多半是当做一个成分使用，有时它的作用就等于一个词。它的意义往往不等于它的组成分子(单字)意义的总和。Definition of“idiom”：a group of words that has a special meaning that is different from the ordinary meaning of each separate word.phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words and which must be learnt as a whole unit.E.g.:露出马脚，cats paw,开夜车，落花流水，under the weather，lose ones head,lay heads together3、习语是一种相对稳定的词语搭配。通常不能随意改变习语的词序、拆开或用其他词替换。E.g.:雪中送炭，老马识途，乱七八糟()，cast pearls before swine，burn ones boats,at liberty,A stitch in time saves nine.,4、但习语的稳固性也并不是绝对的。许多英汉习语有自己的变体：拔(揠)苗助长，山珍海味(错)，Fry in ones own grease/Stew in ones own juice.Flog/Beat a dead horse.He who laughs last laughs longest/best.Talk of the devil and hes sure to/will appear.习语的临时变体：一箭三雕，权令智昏，birds eye-view(worms-eye view),at arms length(at two arms length),The kid was reading a bit more than he can chew.(To bite off more than one can chew)习语还常常以缩略的形式出现：三个臭皮匠，各人自扫门前雪，三个和尚没水吃，初生的牛犊，挂羊头，放下屠刀，不吃回头草，青出于蓝，八仙过海，芝麻开花，兔子尾巴，Jack of all trade(and master of none).(Each for himself and)the devil take the hindmost.If you run after two hares you will catch neither.To run after two hares.Its no good crying for spilt milk.To cry over spilt milk./The milk is spilt./spilt milkA bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.A bird in the hand./A bird in the bush.The early bird catches the worm.the early birdA rolling stone gathers no moss.a rolling stone,Features of Idioms,5、习语常利用声音的和谐来达到易懂易记、顺口入耳、生动有力的目的。利用韵脚：狗咬吕洞宾，不识好人心；一招鲜，吃遍天；良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行；A friend in need is a friend indeed.East or west,home is best.Man proposes,God disposes.Health is better than wealth.Beggars should not be choosers.fair and square;high and dry;wear and tear.利用双声：八面玲珑，聪明伶俐，慷慨激昂，明媚灿烂Alliteration:as blind as a bat,as busy as a bee,as clear as crystal,as dead as a doornail,as cool as a cucumber,as red as a rose,as proud as a peacock,at sixes and sevens,spick and span,then and therethrough thick and thintit for tatneither fish,flesh or fowlCare killed the cat.Money makes the mare to go.Many men,many minds.Speech is silver(silvern),silence is golden.,Features of Idioms,5、习语常利用声音的和谐来达到易懂易记、顺口入耳、生动有力的目的。利用重复：勤勤恳恳；马马虎虎；种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆again and again,measure for measure,on and on,step by step,through and through,share and share alike,horse and horse/neck and neckcall a spade a spade as sure as eggs is eggsDiamond cut diamond.They that know nothing fear nothing.Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.利用对仗：只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯；路遥知马力，日久见人心；狼吞虎咽；铜墙铁壁Easy come,easy go.First come,first served.Like father,like son,More haste,less speed.Out of sight,out of mind.Penny wise,pound foolish.Nothing venture,nothing gain/win.Well fed,well bred.,Features of Idioms,6、由于各民族的文化和思维有着巨大的“共核”(common core)，英汉习语有时有惊人的相似之处。,Features of Idioms,喻义相同，结构相同：,了如指掌火上浇油滴水石穿浑水摸鱼自吹自擂空中楼阁破釜沉舟如履薄冰晴天霹雳趁热打铁熟能生巧时间不等人时间就是金钱(耳听为虚),眼见为实隔墙有耳,To know something like the palm or back of ones handto pour oil on the flames/add fuel to the flames Constant dropping wears the stone.to fish in the troubled watersblow ones own trumpet castle in the airto burn ones boatsbe skating on thin ice like a bolt from the blueto strike while the iron is hotPractice makes perfect.Time and tide wait for no man.Time is money.Seeing is believing.Walls have ears.,6、由于各民族的文化和思维有着巨大的“共核”(common core)，英汉习语有时有惊人的相似之处。,Features of Idioms,喻体相同，喻意一致：,捅马蜂窝笑里藏刀脸皮厚肉中刺得寸进尺英雄所见略同拉长了脸(不开心)自食其果坏蛋人善被人欺，马善被人骑赴汤蹈火把黑的说成白的,to stir up a hornets nestthe smiles with knife under the cloakthick-skinneda thorn in ones flesh/sidegive sb.an inch and hell take a mile/yard)Great minds think alike.(put on,have,wear,etc)a long face*ones face falls eat the bitter fruit of ones own makingbad egg All lay load on the willing horse.go through fire and water swear black is white(颠倒黑白，不择手段),6、由于各民族的文化和思维有着巨大的“共核”(common core)，英汉习语有时有惊人的相似之处。,Features of Idioms,喻义相同，修辞方式相同：,轻如鸿毛稳如泰山骨瘦如柴易如反掌活到老，学到老人山人海,as light as a featheras steady as the mountainas thin as a railas easy as turning over ones hand One is never too old to learn.the sea of faces,Features of Idioms,英汉习语的差别：1、英汉习语的最大差别在于文化意象上的差异。E.g.:Its raining cats and dogs.VS 毛毛雨，牛毛雨，鹅毛大雪poke ones nose into sth.(nosy)VS 牵着鼻子走,喻体不同：,血流如注艳若桃李昭然若揭胆小如鼠守口如瓶一贫如洗白费口舌弱不禁风画蛇添足妖魔鬼怪明察秋毫掌上明珠过河拆桥,to bleed like a pigas red as a rose/like lilies and rosesas clear as the sun at noondayas timid as a rabbit/hareas dumb as an oyster/as silent as the graveas poor as a Church mouseto speak to the windas weak as waterto carry coal to Newcastle/gild the lilythe powers of darknessto see through a brick wallapple of someones eyeto kick down the ladder,Features of Idioms,英汉习语的差别：1、英汉习语的最大差别在于文化意象上的差异。,大海捞针打草惊蛇翘辫子雪中送炭瓮中之鳖对牛弹琴狐假虎威一箭双雕耳旁风班门弄斧黄粱美梦昙花一现化险为夷无米之炊,to look for a needle in a haystackto wake a sleeping dogto kick the buckethelp a lame dog over a stilelike a rat in a holeto cast pearls before swinean ass in a lions skinkill two birds with one stone.go in(at)one ear and out(at)the other teach ones granny to suck eggs/teach fish to swima fools paradisea flash in the pan fall/land on ones feetmake bricks without straw,喻体不同：,Features of Idioms,英汉习语的差别：1、英汉习语的最大差别在于文化意象上的差异。,生死有命连珠炮似地说个不停拍马屁王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸入乡随俗,Every bullet has its billet.talk a mile a minute polish the apple Every potter praises his own pot.When in Rome,do as the Romans do.,喻体不同：,汉语是明喻，英语是暗喻或直接表述：,暴跳如雷呆若木鸡大智若愚巧舌如簧,to fly into a rage/to hit the ceilingto be petrified with astonishmentStill waters run deep.have a silver tongue,Features of Idioms,英汉习语的差别：1、英汉习语的最大差别在于文化意象上的差异。,汉语形象含蓄，英语形象具体：,暗箭伤人格格不入出言不逊贪得无厌循规蹈矩一清二楚三思而后行,hit sb.below the belt/stab sb.in the back like a square peg in a round holeto scold like a fishwifeas greedy as a wolfas regular as clockwork/to go round like a horse in a millas clear as crystalLook before you leap.,汉语形象具体，英语形象含蓄：,从生到死没精打采大言不惭,from the cradle to the graveto be a cup too lowall sb.s geese are swans,Features of Idioms,英汉习语的差别：2、英汉习语在使用上也有一定差异。英语习语的使用虽然较为广泛，但字典里许多习语已经过时，英语本族语者并不经常使用；汉语虽也忌讳滥用习语，但四字成语仍然具有旺盛的生命力，尤其在书面语中随处可见。,英汉习语的差别：3、准确识别和理解英语习语。狭义的英语习语容易辨别。People who live in glass houses shouldnt throw stones.make a mountain out of a molehillput paid to,the powers that be,by and large,like a bat out of hell,like water off a ducks back字面意义似是而非的习语，往往给译者设下陷阱，容易产生误译。go out with sb,take sb.for a ridepull sbs leg,sing a different song/tune,childrens play,eat ones words,习语汉译英的几种方法,一、直译法“如果还是翻译，那么，首先的目的，就是在博览外国的作品，不但移情，也要益智，至少是知道何地何时，有这等事，和旅行外国，是很相像的：它必须有异国情调，就是所谓洋气凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当力求其易解，二则保存着原作的丰姿”鲁迅异化译法（Foreignization）在符合译入语表达习惯和语法规范的前提下，习语的翻译应尽可能地运用直译法。因为直译法能保持原作风味，又能向译文读者介绍源语文化，并且丰富译入语及其文化，于中英语言文化皆善莫大焉。“雨后春笋”：like mushrooms VS like bamboo shoots after a spring shower“猫哭老鼠”：to shed crocodile tears VS The cat weeps over the mouse.,习语汉译英的几种方法,一、直译法现代汉语中有许多习语是输入的：,酸葡萄 以眼还眼，以牙还牙 开火/停火炮火的洗礼打破记录为铺平道路出现赤字圆桌会议象牙塔王牌摊牌连锁反应新血液披着羊皮的狼,sour grapeseye for eye,tooth for toothto open fire/to cease firebaptism of fireto break the recordto pave the way forto get into/be in the reda round-table meetingan ivory towera trump cardto show ones cardschain reactionnew/fresh blooda wolf in sheeps clothing,黑市黑名单冷战黄金时代处女航处女地蓝图瓶颈白热白热的公开的秘密茶杯里的风暴,a black marketa black listcold wara golden agemaiden voyagevirgin soila blueprinta bottle-neckwhite heatwhite-hotan open secret a storm in a teacup,习语汉译英的几种方法,一、直译法现代汉语中有许多习语是输入的：,a bull in a china shop domino effectTrojan horsenew wine in old bottlesgive sb./get the green light white terrorpower politicsthe political arenafirst-hand/second-handdouble-facedfully-fledgedarmed to the teeth snowballingpacked like sardinescry wolf,闯进瓷器店的公牛多米诺效应特洛伊木马旧瓶装新酒为放绿灯白色恐怖强权政治政治舞台第一/二手的两面派的羽毛丰满的武装到牙齿的滚雪球般的挤得像罐头沙丁鱼喊狼来了,(严复“译事三难：信、达、雅。“),习语汉译英的几种方法,一、直译法英语中也有从汉语输入的习语：,丢脸 纸老虎,to lose facepaper tiger,成语直译实例：,漏网之鱼水泄不通和风细雨看风使舵百发百中官官相护画饼充饥调虎离山水涨船高旗开得胜,fish escaping from the netnot a drop of water could have trickled throughas mild as a drizzle and as gentle as a breezesteer according to the wind(VS to see how the wind blows/to trim ones sails to the wind)a hundred hits for every hundred shotsOfficials shield one another.draw a cake to satisfy ones hungerto lure the tiger from the mountainwhen the river rises the boat floats highwin victory as soon as its banner is displayed,习语汉译英的几种方法,一、直译法,成语直译实例：,百花齐放，百家争鸣物极必反能者多劳利令智昏实事求是声东击西缘木求鱼欲盖弥彰沧海一粟先礼后兵自力更生顺水推舟味同嚼蜡,Let a hundred flowers bloom,a hundred schools contend.Things can turn into their opposites when they reach the extreme.The abler a man,the busier he gets.be blinded by their material gainsto seek truth from facts(VS to have ones/both feet on the ground)to make a feint to the east but attack in the westto climb up a tree to look for fishThe more one tries to hide,the more one is exposed.a grain afloat on a vast ocean(VS(only/just)a drop in the bucket/ocean)being a gentleman first and a soldier secondregenerate through our own effortspush the boat with the currentThe taste is no better than chewed tallow.(VS as dry as sawdust),习语汉译英的几种方法,一、直译法,俗语直译实例：,天下乌鸦一般黑。初生牛犊不怕虎。巧妇难为无米之炊。脚正不怕鞋歪。跑得了和尚跑不了庙。远水不解近渴。放长线，钓大鱼。君子动口不动手。天下无难事，只怕有心人。只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。到什么山上唱什么歌。与人方便，自己方便。纸里包不住火。,All crows are equally black.New-born calves make little of tigers.Even a clever housewife cannot cook a meal without rice.(VS One cant make bricks without straw.)A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.The monk may run away,but the temple cant run with him.Distant water cant quench a present thirst.Throw a long line to catch big fish.A gentleman uses his tongue,not his fists.Nothing in the world is too difficult for a man with a strong will.Magistrates were allowed to burn down houses,while the common people were forbidden even to light lamps.Sing different songs on different mountains.If you help others,others will help you.Fire cant be concealed in a paper bag.,With the heart of the mean trying to estimate whats in the heart of the great.To wish iron could turn into steel at once.The rice is already cooked.“Although I have eyes,”he exclaimed,“I have failed to see Mount Tai!”Didnt you ever hear the saying?“A lone monk brings his own bucket of water to drink,two monks carry their bucket of water jointly,but when three monks are together,there is no water at all.”(VS Everybodys business is nobodys business./One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy.)“You want the horse to run fast and yet you dont let it graze.What kind of logic is that!”(VS You cant eat your cake and have it.),习语汉译英的几种方法,一、直译法,俗语直译实例：,以小人之心度君子之腹恨铁不成钢生米煮成熟饭“晚生真乃有眼不识泰山！”“你不是听过这句俗话吗？一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。”“又要马儿跑得好，又要马儿不吃草，世界上哪有这样的道理！”,习语汉译英的几种方法,一、直译法,谚语直译实例：,失败是成功之母。留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。画虎画皮难画骨，知人知面不知心。乐极生悲，否极泰来。路遥知马力，事久见人心。十年树木，百年树人。,Failure is the mother of success.(VS Failure teaches success./Failure is the only high-road to success.)As long as green hills remain therell never be a shortage of firewood.In drawing a tiger,you show its skin,but not its bones;in knowing man,you may know his face,but not his heart.Extreme pleasure is followed by sorrow;extreme sorrow must be followed by something better.When joy reaches its height,it is sorrows turn;when ill luck reaches its summit,good luck comes in.A long road tests a horses strength and a long task proves a mans heart.It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to rear people.,He is like a dog worrying a mouse,cant mind his own business!(He is)like the dumb man eating the bitter herb:he had to suffer the bitterness of it in silence.He cant save himself any more than a clay idol can save itself while swimming across a river.We have a boil on the back of our head we cant see it ourselves.To send the feather of a swan one thousand li:the gift in itself may be insignificant,but the goodwill is deep.His heart was beating like fifteen buckets being hurriedly lowered into a well for watereight going down while seven were coming up.Just as a rat crossing the street is chased by all passers-by.Like the meat-pudding thrown at a dog,they never come back.,习语汉译英的几种方法,一、直译法,歇后语直译实例：,他这人就是狗拿耗子，多管闲事。哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出。他是泥菩萨过江，自身难保。后脑勺子长疮，自己看不见。千里送鹅毛，礼轻仁义重。他心头十五个吊桶打水，七上八下。老鼠过街，人人喊打。肉包打狗，一去再没回头。,习语汉译英的几种方法,二、同义习语借用法,1、英汉习语在内容和形式上都相符合，有相同的意义或隐义，并有相同的或极相类似的形象或比喻。这种情况可直接借用。,的发展不是一帆风顺的鸡皮疙瘩像个落汤鸡煽风点火三思事实胜于雄辩皇天不负苦心人玩火使垂涎见世面走后门未雨绸缪千钧一发,The development of has not been plain sailing.goose-pimples/goose-flesh/skinlike a drowned ratto fan the flamesthink twiceFacts speak louder than words.Heaven helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。to play with fireto make ones mouth waterto see the worldto get in through the back doorto save/keep sth.for a rainy day/to provide against a rainy dayhang by a hair/a(single)thread,归化译法(Domestication),习语汉译英的几种方法,二、同义习语借用法,1、英汉习语在内容和形式上都相符合，有相同的意义或隐义，并有相同的或极相类似的形象或比喻。这种情况可直接借用。,束之高阁脚踏实地的肤浅眨眼间，瞬间近墨者黑心宽体胖祸不单行良药苦口(打得)青一块紫一块铁石心肠船到桥头自然直天晓得骑墙,be(left)on the shelfdown-to-earthskin-deepin the twinkling of an eye Touch pitch,and you will be defiled.laugh and grow fatMisfortunes never come singly.Bitter pills may have wholesome effects.(beat sb.)black and blue stony-hearted/marble-hearted(One will)cross the bridge when one comes to it.God/goodness/Heaven knows to sit on the fence,归化译法(Domestication),习语汉译英的几种方法,二、同义习语借用法,2、英汉习语双方都不借用比喻，意义都在字面上，可以望文生义，这种情况可直接借用。,乱七八糟一举彻头彻尾或多或少胡说八道全心全意风雨无阻绰绰有余挑来挑去每况愈下患难与共畅所欲言骄者必败己所不欲，勿施于人,at sixes and sevensat a/one stroke through and throughmore or lessstuff and nonsense heart and soulrain or shine enough and to spareto pick and chooseto go from bad to worse to share weal and woeto say/have ones sayPride comes/goes before a fall.Do as you would be done by.,归化译法(Domestication),习语汉译英的几种方法,二、同义习语借用法,3、有时汉语习语没有比喻，但英语同义习语却有，若后者比较朴实，不具有浓厚的民族或地方色彩，也可加以借用。,少年老成污蔑诽谤先下手为强物以类聚软硬兼施本末倒置以其人之道还治其人之身痛哭流涕,to have an old head on young shoulders(have a good head on ones shoulders)to fling/sling/throw mud(at sb.)The early bird catches/gets the worm.Birds of a feather flock together.to use both the carrot and the stick put the cart before the horse pay sb.(back)in his own/the same coincry ones eyes/heart out,归化译法(Domestication),习语汉译英的几种方法,二、同义习语借用法,4、英汉习语所用比喻不同，本应以直译为主，但若直译后文字拖泥带水，以辞害意，引起误解，则不如借用英语同义习语。,土埋半截了洗心革面摩拳擦掌摇钱树笑掉大牙狗改不了吃屎牛饮害群之马一个巴掌拍不响新官上任三把火酒肉朋友纸上谈兵偷鸡不着蚀把米打开天窗说亮话,to have one foot in the graveto turn over a new leafroll up ones sleeves milch cow/the goose that lays the golden eggs(kill杀鸡取卵)split ones sides The leopard cant change its spots.(Dogs never lose their taste for filth.)to drink like a fisha black sheep It takes two to make a quarrel.A new broom sweeps clean.a fair-weather friend armchair strategy(traveler/fan)to go for wool and come back shorn put ones cards on the table,归化译法(Domestication),习语汉译英的几种方法,二、同义习语借用法,4、英汉习语所用比喻不同，本应以直译为主，但若直译后文字拖泥带水，以辞害意，引起误解，则不如借用英语同义习语。,鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利挂羊头卖狗肉无风不起浪半斤八两塞翁失马，焉知非福,Two d