《托福核心词汇》PPT课件.ppt

托福核心词汇 Vocabulary8000,李 鹏成都新东方学校2012-09-09,30、cad,cas,cid:降落 etymology:Latin:cadere=to fall,cascade:n.2)、像瀑布般下落.cas(fall)+cad(fall)+e=两个fall=大量掉落的东西 cadence:n.节律,节拍,节奏(节奏总是有升有降的)-ence n.suf.=quality,casual:adj.偶然的,碰巧的,意外的-al adj.suf.=relate to碰巧(掉落在你面前的)casualty:n.(casualties)伤亡人数,死者,伤者,不幸事故-ty n.suf.=quality,condition(东西掉下来造成)伤亡人数,decadence:n.堕落,颓废,衰落,自我放纵de-prf.=down,away-ence n.suf.=quality,condition decadent:adj.堕落的,颓废的,衰落的,自我放纵的-ent adj.suf.=a statee.g.different,accident:n.意外遭遇,不测事件,事故ac-prf.=intensify(用在c,k,q前)e.g.accept,acknowledgeac(intensify)+cid(fall)+ent(state)(严重的)事故(从天而降)-(祸从天降)accidental:adj.意外的,偶然的(-al adj.suf.),coincide:v.位置重合,同时发生,相一致co-prf.=con-prf.=com-prf.=together within-prf.=into co(together with)+in(into)+cide(fall)(一起掉进来于是就)位置重合,同时发生,coincidence:n.位置重合,同时发生,相一致co+in+cid(e)+ence n.suf.coincident:adj.同时发生的,时间相同的,位置重合的co+in+cid(e)+ent adj.suf.,incident:n.2)、容易发生的,伴随而来的,难免的.(事从天降,落到屋里)occident:n.(the Occident)西方(反义词:orient 太阳升起的地方)oc-prf.=ob-prf.=intensify太阳落山的地方,deciduous:adj.每年落叶的,非永久的,暂时的de-prf.=down,awayde(down)+cidu(fall)+ous(full of)decay:v.&n.腐烂,腐败,衰败de(down)+cay(=cad=fall)(品质越来越下降就是)腐烂,31、calc:石灰 etymology:Latin:calc,calx=lime,calcic:adj.钙的,含钙的calc(lime)+ic(adj.suf.)calcify:v.使成石灰,石灰化calc+ify v.suf.,calcium:n.(金属元素)钙calc(lime)+ium(n.suf.)-ium=metallic elemente.g.aluminium;magnesium,calculate:v.计算,评估,评价(古时候的人用小石子來计数)calculable:adj.可以计算的calcul+able(be able to),calculation:n.计算calculat(e)+ion(n.suf.)calculator:n.计算者,计算器,计算机calculat(e)+or(n.suf.)calculus:n.微积分,32、cand:白,发光,明亮 etymology:Latin:candius=white=bright,candid:adj.坦白的,公正的,直率的-id adj.suf.e.g.fluid,rapidcandor:n.坦白,诚恳,公正-or n.suf.e.g.clamour,candidate:n.候选人,候补者,求职者=Latin:candidatus=clothed in white(古代罗马求职者身穿白色宽外袍)candela:n.坎德拉(发光强度单位)Latin=candle(一根蜡烛的亮度),candle:n.蜡烛(可以燃烧的小东西)-le n.suf.=little thinge.g.model,vesselincandescent:adj.炽热的,白热的,白炽的in-prf.=in,into;-ent adj.suf=state(进入到燃烧状态的就是)炽热的,33、cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup:拿,获取,抓住 etymology:Latin:capere=to hold,=to take,=to catch,=to seize,capacity:n.容量,容积,智能,接受力capac+ity(quality,condition,degree)capacious:adj.容量大的,宽敞的,包括内容多的capac+ious(full of),captive:n.2)、俘虏,捕获,夺得.-ure n.&v.suf.=action,result,conceive:v.构想出,想出,设想,怀有(情感)con-prf.=com-prf.=together withe.g.concentrate(大家一同拿主意于是就)构想出,deceive:v.欺骗,诓骗,蒙蔽,行骗de-prf.=away from(想方设法拿走别人的东西就是)欺骗perceive:v.感知,感觉,觉察,认识到,意识到,理解per-prf.=totally,completely(要想)感知,理解(就得全部掌握),receive:v.收到,接到,得到,接受,采纳re-prf.=backwardse.g.recall,revert re(backwards)+ceive(take)收到(就要拿回来),participate:v.参与;参加;分担,分享parti-prf.=parte.g.partial,partnerparti(part)+cip(take)+ate(v.suf.)participant:n.参加者,参与者-ant n.suf.=operator,principal:adj.2)、首领,长官,校长.prin-prf.=prim-prf.=firste.g.primeval,primeprin(first)+cip(take)+al(adj.suf.)(第一个拿的人当然是)最重要的,principle:n.原则,主义,原理,基本原理,信念prin-prf.=prim-prf.=first-le n.suf.=little thingse.g.kettleprin(first)+cip(hold)+le(little things)(最初被人们坚持的小事后来都变成了)原则,recipe:n.食谱,烹饪法,调制法,窍门,诀窍Latin:recipere=take it!(帮助你把各种美食拿下的就是)食谱recipient:n.2)、接受的,收受的,容纳的,愿意接受的.(receive的对象),occupy:v.占有,占领,侵占,使从事,使忙碌oc-prf.(在字母c之前)=ob-prf.=towards(朝着某个目标去拿就是想)占有e.g.objectoccupant:n.占有人,所有人,占用者,居住者-ant n.suf.=operator,occupation:n.职业,工作,行业,占领,占据,占有-tion n.suf.=-ion n.suf.=action职业或者工作(占据了你绝大部分的时间)preoccupation:n.抢先占据,抢先占有,先入之见,成见pre-prf.=before(事先进入头脑的就是)成见,34、card,cord:心,鲜红 etymology:Latin:cor=the heart Greek:kardia=heart,cardiac:adj.心脏的,心脏病的-iac n.suf.=sth.related toe.g.demoniac,zodiac electrocardiogram:n.心电图electro+cardio+gram,tachycardia:n.心动过速,心搏过速tachy-prf.=rapid,swift e.g.tachymeter cardinal:n.2)、重要的,基本的,鲜红的.(心脏是)重要的,(也是)鲜红色的,cordial:n.2)、热情友好的,真诚的,令人兴奋的.-ial adj.suf.=relate to(用心的招待别人就是)热情友好的,真诚的cordiality:n.热情友好,真挚-ity n.suf.=quality,condition,record:n.&v.1)、记录,记载,前科,最高纪录2)、记录,登记,录音,录像(一次又一次用心就可以把一件事)记录(下来),concord:n.2)、使和睦,使协调,使一致.con-prf.=com-prf.=together with(大家一起用心就会)和谐,和睦,discord:n.不一致,不协调,不和,争论,冲突dis-prf.=negative,not(做事不用心就会)不一致,不协调discordance:n.不一致,不协调,不和,冲突,不和谐-ance n.suf.=quality,state,accord:n.ac-prf.=ad-prf.=intensify(加强心脏的作用使它和身体更)一致,和谐 accordance:n.一致,和谐,符合,授予,给予-ance n.suf.=quality,state,35、cast:投掷 etymology:Medieval English:cast=throw,cast:v.3)广播的,普遍的.broad(wide)+cast(throw),forecast:v.&n.预测,预报fore(before)+cast(throw)e.g.foreheadtelecast:v.&n.电视播送tele(far)+cast(throw),36、carn:鲜活,肉体 etymology:Latin:caro=flesh,carnal:adj.肉体的,肉欲的-al adj.suf.=relate tocarnage:n.大屠杀,大规模屠宰carn(flesh)+age(time)(吃肉的时节就要)大规模屠宰,carnation:n.2)、肉红色的,粉红色的.(最初的康乃馨品种的花都是肉红色的)carnival:n.狂欢节,狂欢,欢宴(每天吃肉的日子就是)狂欢节,carnivore:n.食肉动物,食虫植物-vore n.suf.=-phagous adj.suf.=feeding on e.g.herbivore,saprovorecarnivorous:adj.食肉的,食肉动物的-ous adj.suf.=full of,carrion:n.2)、腐烂的,腐败的,食腐肉的.carcass:n.(鸟,兽的)尸体,空壳=dead body=body=corpse,incarnate:v.&adj.1)、赋予形体,使成化身,使具象化2)、人体化的,化身的,拟人的.in(into)+carn(flesh)+ate(bring into the condition of)incarnation:n.典型,化身-ion n.suf.=action,result,reincarnate:v.赋予新形体,使转世化身,重新体现re-prf.=againre(again)+in(in)+carn(flesh)+ate(v.),37、cav:中空的 etymology:Latin:cavus=hollow,cave:n.&v.1)洞穴2)使凹陷cavern:n.巨穴,大洞cavernous:adj.如洞穴状的,多洞穴的,凹陷的cavern+ous(adj.suf.),cavity:n.洞,穴,凹处cav+ity(n.suf.)concave:adj.凹的,凹面的con(together)+cave(hollow)antonym:convex,excavate:v.挖空,挖掘,挖出ex(out)+cav(hollow)+ate(v.suf.)excavation:n.挖掘,发掘 excavat(e)+ion(n.suf.)excavator:n.挖掘者,挖土机excavat(e)+or(n.suf.),38、ced,ceca,cess:走,让步 etymology:Latin:cedere=to go=yield p.p.=cessus,cede:v.割让,交出,转让(让步的结果就是)割让accede:v.答应,同意,就任,参加ac-prf.=ad-prf.=intensifye.g.accept(强化让步的结果就要使对方)答应,antecede:v.在之前,居之前,先行,居前ante-prf.=before,precedinge.g.antechamberantecedent:n.2)、先时的,先前的,先行的.-ent n.suf.=of a state,ancestor:n.祖宗,祖先,原型,先驱an(one)+cest(go)+or(person)(一个已经走了的人就是)祖先ancestry:n.世系,血统,出身,列祖列宗-ry(-ery)n.suf.=a class or kinde.g.machinery,greenery,concede:v.不情愿的承认,让步,承认失败con-prf.=com-prf.=together(大家一起让步于是就)不情愿的承认concession:n.让步,承认失败,认可-ion n.suf.=action,intercede:v.调停,斡旋,代为请求inter-prf.=between,amonge.g.interact,international(在双方之间走来走去进行)调停,precede:v.处在.之前,先于pre-prf.=before(在之前就走过来了,于是)处在之前 precedent:n.2)、在前的,在先的,前面的-ent n.suf.=state,unprecedented:adj.无前例的,空前的,前所未闻的un-prf.=negative,notpre-prf.=before-ced-rt.=to go,yield-ent n.suf.=state-ed adj.suf.=already,recede:v.后退,远去,交还,归还re-prf.=backwardse.g.recall,revert retrocede:v.后退,退回,退却,消退,归还,退换retro-prf.=backwardse.g.retrograde,retroactive,exceed:v.超出,越出,胜过,凌驾,占优势ex-prf.=out of(走出去了)excess:n.超出,越出,胜过,凌驾,优势excessive:adj.过多的,过分的,极度的-ive adj.suf.=relate to,access:n.&v.接近,进入,通道,入口ac-prf.=ad-prf.=neare.g.adjacent(jacent=be located)accessible:adj.可接近的,可使用的,容易相处的inaccessible:adj.达不到的,不可接近的,难相处的,succeed:v.1)、成功,获得成效,达到目的;2)、接着发生,接续,接连;3)、继任,继承.suc-prf.=sub-prf.=lower level or position=suf-,sug-,sup-,sur-,sus-e.g.suffer,suppress,sustain,suffer=suf+fer(to carry)(differ)suppress=sup+press(向下压=镇压,抑制)sustain=sus+tain(hold)=在下面抓住=支撑,维系,success:n.成功,胜利successful:adj.成功的,胜利的succession:n.连续,接续,接连发生,继承,接替successive:adj.连续的,接续的,继承的,接替的,recess:n.&v.暂停,休息,课间休息re-prf.=backwardsre(backwards)+cess(to go)(走回来)休息recession:n.后退,退回,撤回,衰退-ion n.suf.=action,result,39、celer:加快,加速 etymology:Latin:celer=swift,celerity:n.迅速,快速-ity n.suf=quality,conditione.g.authority,acidityceler+ity(quality,condition),accelerate:v.使加快,使增速,促进ac-prf.=intensify-ate v.suf.=bring into the condition of accelerator:adj.加速器,(汽车的)油门-or n.=operator,decelerate:v.使减速,降低速度de-prf.=down,awaye.g.degrade,declinede+celer+atedeceleration:n.减速,降低速度-tion n.=action,result,40、cent:百 etymology:Latin:centum=hundred,century:n.百年,一世纪cent(hundred)+ury(n.suf.)centenary:n.百年,百年纪念cent(hundred)+en(year)+ary(n.suf.)centenarian:adj.百年的,百岁的,centigrade:n.摄氏度(冰和沸水之间温度划分为一百等分)centimeter:n.分米(百分之一米)centipede:adj.蜈蚣(百足虫),41、center,centr:中心 etymology:Latin:centrum=center,centrifugal:adj.离心的,离心力的centri+fugal(flee)centrifuge:n.离心机centripetal:adj.向心的,向心力的centri+petal(seek),concentrate:v.集中,聚集,集结,浓缩,精选,专心con-prf.=com-=together-ate=bring into the condition of(一起向中央)集中,(就得到)浓缩的精华concentration:n.集中,聚集,集结,浓缩,精选,专心-ion n.suf.=action,result,concentric:adj.同中心的,同轴的=concentrical:adj.con-prf.=together with-ic adj.suf.=relate tocon(together with)+centr(center)+ic=co-axial,eccentric:adj.古怪的,偏心的,不同圆心的ec-prf.=ex-prf.=out ofe.g.expose,excludeeccentricity:n.古怪,怪癖,偏心率,偏心度-ity n.suf.=quality,condition,42、cid,cis:切,杀 etymology:Latin:caedere=to cut,homicide:n.杀人,凶杀,蓄意杀人(杀害同类)homi-prf.=homo-prf.=same kinde.g.homosexualsuicide:n.自杀,自杀行为-sui-rt.=oneselfe.g.suimate,insecticide:n.杀虫剂,杀虫药insect(昆虫)+i+cide(kill)pesticide:n.杀虫剂,农药pest(害虫)+i+cide(kill),excise:v.(切完以后再拿出去就是)切除2)、消费税,征消费税.(从利润当中切除一部分交)消费税.ex-prf.=out ofexcision:n.切除,被切除物(-ion n.suf.),incise:v.切入,切开,雕刻(in-prf.=into)incisive:adj.1)、切入的,锋利的;2)、讽刺的,迅速的.-ive adj.=having the nature ofincisor:n.切牙,门齿(-or n.suf.),precise:adj.精确的,精密的,准确的,确切的pre-prf.=before(精细的厨师都会事前把菜切好)precision:n.精确性,精密度,准确性,确切性-ion n.suf.=action,result,43、chron:时间 etymology:Greek:khronos=time,chronic:adj.(疾病)慢性的,长期的antonym:acutechronicle:n.2)、把.载入历史.,chronology:n.年代学,年表-ology n.suf.chronological:adj.年代学的-ological adj.suf.,synchronize:vt.worde.g.pseudonym(fake name)pseudopod(fake foot),synchronous:adj.同时发生的,同时存在的-ous adj.suf.=having the nature ofe.g.dangerous;mountainous,chronometer:n.时计,精确记时计-meter n.suf.=the instrument to measuree.g.altimeter;barometer;thermometer,44、circ,cycl:圆,环状,循环 etymology:Latin:circus=circle=ring,circlet:n.小圈,环形饰物-let n.suf.=little thingse.g.booklet,starlet,streamletcircular:adj.圆形的,环形的,循环的-ar adj.suf.=relate to e.g.lunar,solar,molecular,circulate:v.环形,环流,循环,流通-ate:v.suf.=bring into the condition ofcirculation:n.环行,流通,循环,流通-tion n.suf.=action,result,circuit:n.巡回,巡游,巡回旅行-it-rt.=to goe.g.initiate(in+iti+ate);transit(trans+it)circuitous:adj.迂回的,绕行的,曲折的,间接的-ous adj.=full of,circus:n.马戏团,马戏场,圆形竞技场(马戏场一般都是圆形的)encircle:v.环绕,包围,绕行en-(em-)prf.=bring into the condition of,cycle:n.循环,周而复始,周期(注意与circle的区别)cyclone:n.气旋,暴风,龙卷风hurricane,typhoon,tornado,tsunami,tropical storm,windstorm,whirlwind,bicycle:n.自行车,脚踏车bi-prf.=two,doublee.g.biannual,biped,bilingual cyclopedia:n.百科全书(知识的圈子)=cyclopaedia,encyclopedia:n.百科全书,专科全书,大全en-prf.=bring into the condition ofrecycle:v.使再循环,回收再利用,再循环re-prf.=againre(again)+cycle(cycling)再次进入循环,45、claim,clam:叫,喊 etymology:Latin:clamare=to cry out,claim:n.2)、对提出要求,认领,索取,声称.同义词:assert,declare,state,request,acclaim:v.向欢呼,为喝彩,称赞ac-prf.=intensifye.g.accelerate,acceptacclamation:n.欢呼,喝彩,拥护,赞成-tion n.suf.=action,result,declaim:v.慷慨陈词,激辩,演说,朗诵de-prf.=completely,totallye.g.denude,derelict declamation:n.激辩,慷慨激昂的演说-tion n.suf.=action,result,exclaim:v.大声地说出,呼喊,惊叫;ex-prf.=out ofex(out of)+claim(to cry out)exclamation:n.呼喊,叫喊,惊叫-tion n.=action,result,proclaim:v.宣告,宣布,公布,声明pro prf.=before,forward(在别人知道以前把事情喊出来就是)宣告 proclamation:n.宣告,宣布,公布,声明-tion n.=action,result,reclaim:v.1)、重申权利,要求收回(恢复);2)、使改过,教化,使改造;3)、开垦,开拓(把不适宜耕种的土地改造).re-prf.=again(再一次叫喊来)重申权利,(宣布已经)改过 reclamation:n.改造,感化,开垦,开拓(-tion),clamor:n.2)、吵闹,喧嚷,叫喊.-or n.suf.clamorous:adj.吵闹的,喧嚷的,叫嚣的-ous adj.=full of=full of clamor,46、clin,cliv:倾斜,坡度 etymology:Latin:clinare=to bend=to lean,decline:v.拒绝,婉谢,谢绝,使倾斜de-prf.=removal,awaye.g.deaerate,decentralization(向离开的方向倾斜就是)拒绝 declination:n.拒绝,婉谢,谢绝,倾斜 tion-n.prf.=action,result,incline:v.倾斜,曲身,赞同,喜爱,倾向于in-prf.=in,into(向里面倾斜就是)喜爱inclined:adj.倾向于的,有意向的,赞成的(-ed)inclination:n.倾向,意向,爱好,癖好,趋势(-tion),recline:v.倚靠,躺,依靠,依赖,使躺下re-prf.=backwards(向后倾斜就是)倚靠,acclivity:n.上行坡ac-prf.=a-prf.=upwardse.g.ascend(反义词:descend)declivity:n.下斜坡de-prf.=lower level or position,proclivity:n.癖性,倾向pro-prf.=forward(不停进行的就是)癖性,倾向,47、creed,cred:相信,信任 etymology:Latin:credere=to believe,creed:n.信条,(宗教)教条(doctrine)credential:n.证明信,证书,证件,文凭-al n.suf.=process,statee.g.arrival,survival,credence:n.相信,可靠,确实,凭证,证书-ence n.suf.=action,resulte.g.reference,dependencecredible:adj.可信的,可靠的,确实有效的-ible adj.suf.=be able tocred+ible,credit:n.1)信任,可信性,信誉;2)学分creditable:adj.值得赞扬的,可信任的,可给与贷款的credit+able(be able to),accredit:v.信托,委托,确认,相信ac-prf.=ad-prf.=intensifye.g.accept,acknowledge discredit:v.败坏的名声,诽谤,证实为假dis-prf.=not,without(使某人不可信就是)败坏的名声,credulous:adj.轻信的,易受骗的,因轻信而引起的-ous adj.suf.=full of(对任何人都充满信任就是)轻信的incredulous:adj.不相信的,不轻信的,怀疑的(in-)incredulity:n.不相信,不轻信,怀疑态度(-ity),48、clud:关 etymology:Latin:claudere=to shut=to close,conclude:v.结束,作结论con(together)+clude(close)con-=com-=col-conclusion:n.结尾,结论,决定 conclu(de)+sion(n.suf.)conclusive:adj.决定的 conclu(de)+ive(adj.suf.),exclude:v.拒绝,排除,除外,赶出ex(out)+clude(shut,close)exclusion:n.排斥,排除,除外ex(out)+clu(de)(shut,close)+sion,exclusionism:n.排外主义ex(out)+clusion+ism(doctrine)exclusive:adj.排外的,独占的,include:v.包括,包含in(in)+clude(shut,close)inclusion:n.包含,包括inclusive:adj.包含在内的,49、corp:身体,团体 etymology:Latin:corpus=body,corps:n.军团,团体marine corpscorpse:n.尸体corpus:n.尸体,corporal:adj.身体的,肉体的corp(body)+or+al(adj.suf.)corporality:n.身体,肉体corporal+ity(n.suf.),corporation:n.法人,团体,自治体,公司incorporation:n.结合,合并,法人组织,公司in(into)+corporation(body),50、cosm,cosmo:宇宙 etymology:Latin:kosmos=universe,cosmos:n.宇宙cosmic:adj.宇宙的,广大无边的,和谐的cosm+ic(adj.suf.),cosmonaut:n.太空人cosmo(universe)+naut pancosmism:n.泛宇宙论pan(all)+cosm(universe)+ism(doctrine)e.g.pan-America;pan-Pacific,51、cru,crus,crux:穿过,十字架,十字型 etymology:Latin:cruc,crux=cross,crucial:adj.决定性的,关键性的,考验的-ial adj.suf.=-al adj.suf.=relate to(处于十字路口所作出的选择都是)决定性的,cruciform:n.2)、十字形的.cruci+from-form-rt.=modele.g.uniform,transform,crucify:v.把的手脚钉在十字架上处死-fy v.suf.=make sth.intocruci+fy(把人弄成十字架的样子),crusade:n.2)、参加十字军东征.-ade suf.=operation,actione.g.blockade,barricade,invadecrusader:n.十字军战士 crusad(e)+er,excruciate:v.使受酷刑,拷打,折磨ex-prf.=out of(拉到外面钉在十字架上)拷打excruciation:n.酷刑,拷打,折磨-ion n.suf.=action,result,cruise:v.巡航,航行,航游,漫游(在十字路口)巡航cruiser:n.巡洋舰,巡逻车crus(e)+er,crux:n.1)、十字型,十字架;2)、疑难之事,症结,难题.(就像站在十字路口一样让人纠结而难以选择),52、cult:耕种 etymology:Latin:cultivare=to till=to work at,cultivate:v.耕种,栽培,教化,培养cult(till)+vi+ate(v.suf.)cultivated:adj.耕作的,栽植的,有教养的cultivat(e)+ed(adj.suf.),cultivatable:adj.可耕种的,可培养的cultivat(e)+able(adj.suf.)culture:n.耕种,修养,教养,文化cult+ure(n.suf.)cultural:adj.文化的,人文的(al,adj.suf.),agriculture:n.农业,农艺,农耕agri(Latin=field)+culture agricultural:adj.农业的agricultur(e)+ral(adj.suf.),apiculture:n.养蜂,养蜂业api(Latin=bee)+cultureaquiculture:n.饲养或栽培水中的动植物aqui(Latin=water)+culture,aviculture:n.鸟类饲养avi(Latin=bird)+culturefloriculture:n.花草栽培,园艺flori(Latin=flower)+culture,pisciculture:n.养鱼,养鱼业pisci(Latin=fish)+culturesericulture:n.养蚕,养蚕业seri(Latin=silk)+culture,53、cur,course:跑 etymology:Latin:currere=to run,current:n.2)、现在的,流通中的.currency:n.流通,通货,货币,concur:v.同意,一致,赞同con-prf.=com=together(意见朝着同一个方向跑去)concurrent:adj.同意的,同时发生的,并存的,incur:v.招致,惹起,引起,带来in-prf.=intoincursion:n.进入,流入,侵入incursive:adj.,occur:v.发生,存在,出现,想到,想起oc-(ob-)prf.=towardse.g.obtain(tain=to hold)occurrence:n.发生,出现,事件(-ence=action,result),recur:v.再发生,重新产生re-prf.=againrecurrent:adj.一再发生的,反复出现的recurrence:n.一再发生,反复出现,cursory:adj.草草的,粗略的(字写得像跑着写的一样)cursive:adj.草书,草写体的,excurse:v.跑出去,离题,远足excursion:n.离题,远足excursive:adj.离题的,扯开去的,precursor:n.先驱,先锋,前辈,前兆pre-prf.=beforee.g.preheat;previewcourse:n.进行,进展,过程,经过,concourse:n.汇合,总汇con+course=run togetherintercourse:v.往来,交流,交往inter+course=run from one to another,54、cracy,crat:统治,统治者 etymology:Greek:kratia=power,democracy:n.民主主义,民主政体demo-rt.=populatione.g.demography 人口统计学,人口学democrat:n.民主人士,民主主义者,autocracy:n.独裁统治,独裁国家auto-prf.=ones owne.g.autobiography;autograph,bureaucracy:n.官僚政治,官僚主义bureau+cracyFBI:Federal