人教版高一英语必修一unit1-重点知识点.ppt

Module 1 My first day at senior high,现在时态,语法,一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时,一般现在时句型结构：主语+动词(助动词/实义动词）+其他表示经常发生的事情和永久的状况。,(1)表示习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态。句子常用时间状语always“总是”，often“经常”，sometimes“有时”，now and then“时常”，every day“每天”等。,1.（10上海28）Every few years,the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A.are having B.have C.have had D.had had,(2006辽宁27题)The father as well as his three childrenskating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going,(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。The Diaoyu Islands belong to Chna.(2006四川）Galileo collected facts that proved the earth _ around the sun.A.moved B.moves C.has moved D.had moved The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front_to arrive.A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects D.will be expected,(3)表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。,(4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性（2010重庆29题）The palace caught fire three times in the last century,and little of the original building _now.A.remains B.is remained C.is remaining D.has been remained,(2006浙江6题)This machine _.It hasnt worked for years.A.didnt workB.wasnt working C.doesnt work D.isnt working（10辽宁30）I _ all the cooking for my family,but recently Ive been too busy to do it.A.will do B do C am doing D.had done,(5)表示按规定、计划，特别是按时刻表安排要发生的动作，但这种用法只限于go，come，leave，start，begin，return，stay等动词。(2006四川22题)Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026 _ off at 1820.A.takesB.took C.will be takenD.has taken,According to the time-table,the train for Shanghai _ at 7 oclock in the evening.A.leaves B.has left C.was left D.will leave,注意：一般现在时表示将来：表示时间表上已经确定好或安排好的事情 如：生日,日历,课时安排,交通时刻表(车次、航班何时出发或到达)、电视节目何时开始等,加具体时间状语。The train leaves at 7 oclock tomorrow morning.The bus starts in ten minutes.The summer term begins on the 15th of February.The planes arrives early in the evening.,(6)主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句、条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。“主将从现”原则（2005，全国卷1,20题）What would you do if it _ tomorrow?We have to carry it on,since weve got everything ready.Arain Brains Cwill rain Dis raining,(06上海)Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _ home.A.wrote B.will write C.have written D.write He will come to see you the moment he_ his work.A.will finish B.finishes C.would finish D.had finished,现在进行时,句型结构：主语+be动词+V-ing表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作,一.暂时性:表示正在进行的动作常和now，right now，at this moment等时间状语及动词look，listen等连用，加延续性动词。(05全国卷I 13题)Listen to the two girls by the window.What language _?Adid they speak Bwere they speaking Care they speakingDhave they been speaking,(2011重庆卷 23题)21.That piece of music sounds quite familiar.Who _the piano upstairs?A.has played B.played C.plays D.is playing(2011湖南卷 25题)22.John,what _in your hand?Look,Its a birthday gift for my grandma.A.had you held B.are you holding C.do you hold D.will you hold,二，阶段性:现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定在进行的动作常和 these days，this week，at present等时间状语连用。(2011江苏卷 12题)I hear you _ in a pub.Whats it like?Well,its very hard work and Im always tired,but I dont mind.A.are working B.will work C.were working D.will be working,We are still discussing a trilateral free trade agreement between China,Japan and South Korea,but this will surely be affected by Japans unlawful purchase of the islands.,(08重庆35题)Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.A.have damaged B.are damaging C.damaged D.will damage,注意：现在进行时表示的动作具有暂时性和阶段性，一般现在时表示的动作具有经常性。Is this raincoat yours？No，mine _there behind the door Ais hanging Bhas hung Changs Dhung 该题正确选项为 A，只要我的雨衣现在正在门后挂着，就可以说明this raincoat不是我的，完全没有必要说我的雨衣经常在门后挂着，所以选项C不合适。,3“逐渐性”：现在进行时表示“逐渐”，表现在不断发展变化的事情。Recently,the problem of the diao-yu-tai islands is becoming the focus day after day between China and Japan.在目前的中日关系中，钓鱼岛问题日益成为焦点。Its late Autumn.The weather is getting colder and colder 现在是深秋了，天气变得越来越冷。,Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.Ais changing Bhas changed Cwill have changed Dwill change,4现在进行时常与副词always,continually，forever,constantly等连用，表示说话人的赞扬，厌恶，不满，遗憾等的感情色彩。He s always coming late 他总是迟到。（对他老迟到表示厌恶),5代替将来时表示按照安排和计划要做的事，常有意图、安排或打算的含义，一般跟表示未来的时间状语。如：Im going home tonight.我今晚回家。Were leaving for Changsha tomorrow.我们明天就去长沙。,注意：这种用法多数是瞬间或位移或停留的动词，arrive，begin，come，drive，travel，fly（乘飞机），go，go off，get to，leave，return，see off，stay，take（带走），take off（起飞）die（死）等动词。可简单记为：来来去去，开始停止，还是一个死。,I ve won a two-day holiday to Florida I _my mum.Aam taking Bhave taken Ctake Dwill have taken,6用在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作，强调动作的持续性。If I am still sleeping when he comes,wake me up,please.他来时如果我还在睡觉，请你唤醒我。When you are passing my way,please drop in.当你路过我家时，请进来坐坐。You can do some reading while you are waiting for the train.你等火车时可以看看书。,1.(2006全国高考题)Ladies and gentlemen,please fasten your seat belts.The plane_.A.takes off B.is taking off C.has taken off D.took off 2.(2005年浙江卷)Are you still busy?Yes,I_ my work,and it wont take long.A.just finish B.am just finishing C.have just finished D.am just going to finish,3.(2005湖南卷)Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _to ask how I am going to spend the money.A.phone B.will phone C.were phoning D.are phoning,现在进行时表示正在进行与表示将来的动作的区别,表进行通常是持续性动词。表将来通常用瞬间动词如：do，go,come,start,return,get,arrive等。Heisreadinganovel.他在看小说。Thetrainisarrivingsoon.火车就要进站了,一般现在时和现在进行时表将来区别,共同点：两者均可与时间状语连用表示已确定的将来安排 I leave am leaving the day after tomorrow.我预定后天走。The children start are starting school on Monday.孩子们星期一就要开学了。,不同点：是否计划可以改变 一般现在时表将来是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变。而现在进行时表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的。,在以事物作主语时多用一般现在时表示按时间安排的活动，强调客观性：The train leaves at 9:30.火车九点半开。The fashion show starts at 7.时装表演七点开始的 以人为主语时，多用现在进行时表示计划要做的事 Nancy isnt coming to the party.南希不来参加晚会了。,注意：在make sure(弄清楚)make certain(弄清楚)take care(注意当心)be careful(注意当心)mind(注意)watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表将来意义 Take care that it does not occur again.注意别再发生这样的事。We must take care that no one sees us.我们必须注意别让人看见我们。Make sure you come back soon.你要保证快点回来。,20.(2010高考英语江苏卷,33)-Is everyone here?-Not yetLook,there_ the rest of our guests!A.come B.comes C.is coming D.are coming【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在句子为倒装句，the rest of our guests作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式；此处叙述的又是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。come用于进行时通常用来表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作，因此D项不恰当。,现在完成时,基本句型：主语+has/have+动词过去分词+其他表示过去发生的事对现在的影响。,一 过去发生或已经发生的动作对现在的影响。常与just,recently,so far,up to now,in the past,ever,never等词连用。The Diaoyu Islands have been Chinas inherent territory since ancient times.（05全国卷1）The coffee is wonderful!It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.Awas having Bhave Chave ever had Dhad ever had,(08山东25)By the time he realizes he_ into a trap，itll be too late for him to do anything about it.A.walks B.walked C.has walkedD.had walked,(2011陕西卷12.)His first novel _ good reviews since it came out last month.A.receives B.is receiving C.will receive D.has received,二 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作状态，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for,since,these days,this year,now等连用。(2011湖南卷30)It is the most instructive lecture that I _since I came to this school.A.attended B.had attended C.am attending D.have attended,(08福建25)So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A.saw B.see C.had seenD.have seen,现在完成进行时,基本句型主语+have/has been+动词现在分词表示从过去开始到目前尚未完成的动作，强调动作的持续性。,现在完成进行时,1）在强调指出动作还未结束还要继续下去。Chinese goverment has been protesting Japans purchase of the Diaoyu islands these days.中国政府一直在抗议日本购买钓鱼岛。,试比较：Ive been reading this book for two hours，but I havent finished it.这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。Ive read this book.我已读完这本书了。,(06山东33)Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to since the flood hit the area last Friday.A.have been missing B.have got lost C.be missing D.get lost,2）强调动作延续时间的强调动作延续长久或带感情色彩She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。(07江西31)I have got a headache.No wonder.Youin front of that computer too long.A.work B.are working C.have been workingD.worked,(08江苏33)Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so.Hefor it for months.A.is preparingB.was preparingC.had been preparingD.has been preparing,3）表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情 Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。（10安徽34）-Weve spent too much money recently.-well,it isnt surprising.Our friend and relatives _around all the time A.are coming B.had come C.were coming D.have been coming,(07上海30)With the help of high technology，more and more new substances_in the past years.A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered,现在完成进行时 VS 现在完成时,1.未完成VS已完成试比较：I have been reading this boring grammar book.I hope to finish it as quickly as possible.I have read this grammer book.It is so boring.,现在完成进行时 VS 现在完成时,2.强调过程 VS 强调结果。试比较：I have been gaining weight since last year.Ive gained ten pounds last year.I must lose weight now!,现在完成进行时 VS 现在完成时,3.强烈的感情色彩 VS 平铺直叙 试比较：Why are you so late?I have been waiting here for more than an hour.I have waited here for more than an hour.,单词1.amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊愕sth.amaze(s)sb.某物使某人感到惊奇Japans farce of perchasing the Diaoyu Island amazed the whole world.It is really a farce.日本购买钓鱼岛的闹剧让全世界震惊。Her rapid progress in English amazed the teacher.她在英语方面的进步使老师大为惊讶。,1amazing adj.令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的I find it amazing that he can play the violin.他会拉小提琴令我大吃一惊。,归纳拓展amazed adj.惊讶的We were amazed by the change in his appearance.他相貌的变化使我们大为惊讶。be amazed at/by.对大为惊奇be amazed to do sth.因做某事而感到惊奇be amazed that.惊奇的是She was amazed/It amazed her that he was still alive.他居然还活着，这使她感到惊讶。,amazement n惊讶，惊奇 to ones amazement令某人惊讶的是 Much to my amazement，he should treat me like that!让我大为惊奇的是，他竟然那样对我！To my amazement，he was able to recite the poem from memory.令我大为惊奇的是，他把这首诗从头到尾背了出来。,【链接训练】The_expression on her face suggested she was_when she heard the news.Aamazing；amazed Bamazed；amazingCamazed；amazed Damazing；amazing【解析】考查amazing和amazed的用法区别。amazing“令人惊奇的”，一般用来修饰事物，说明其状态或性质；amazed一般用来修饰人的感受和表情等。句意为：她脸上吃惊的表情说明了当她听到这则消息时很惊讶。【答案】C,延伸：以ing和ed形式结尾的形容词ing：“令/使人的”，表主动，常用来表示事物或多用来修饰物，人的特点、属性等；ed：“某人感觉的”，表被动，可作表语和定语，多用来修饰人，说明人的情绪、感情等。,【链接训练】The _ tears rolled down her cheeks,which showed she was really _ this time.Amoving；movedBmoving；movingCmoved；moving Dmoved；moved【解析】句意为：激动的泪水从她的脸颊流下来，这表明她这次真的被感动了。moving“令人感动的”，修饰物；moved表示人被感动，打动。故选A。【答案】A,Mrs Bush stood _ for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before him.Asurprised BsurprisingCbeing surprised Dto be surprised【解析】stand表示“处于某种状态”，后接形容词，此处用surprised 表示某人的反应，意为“(某人)感到惊讶的”，而surprising意为“(某事)令人惊讶的”。【答案】A,There is no doubt that everybody will be_at such an_story that you told me just now.You can tell it to anyone else.Aamused；amusing Bamused；amusedCamusing；amusing Damusing；amused【解析】考查amused和amusing的用法。空一是考查be amused at“逗乐的，觉得好笑的”；空二是amusing修饰story，意为“有趣的故事”。句意为：毫无疑问，每个人都会被你刚才讲给我的那个有趣的故事逗乐了。你可以把它讲给其他任何人听。【答案】A,2impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记在心；使明白重要性归纳拓展(1)impress sb.with sth.某事给某人留下印象impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事be impressed by/with/at 为所感动；对有印象,I am impressed with what had happened in Huangdao Jusco.我对在黄岛佳世客发生的事情印象深刻。,例句：Li Kang is very impressed with the teachers in his new school.李康对新学校里的老师印象深刻。She impressed us with her diligence.她的勤奋给我们留下了深刻的印象。The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists.外国游客无一不对该市的风景留有深刻印象。What is your first impression of Japanese?你对日本人的第一印象如何？,(2)impression n印象；感觉；感想impression of.对的印象，感觉，看法leave/have/make a(n).impression on sb.给某人留下的印象(3)impressive adj.给人印象深的；令人赞叹的,【链接训练】Dont you think Professor Johnsons lecture is boring?No，not at all.He gave us plenty of examples，and were deeply_.Asurprised BembarrassedCdisappointed Dimpressed【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意为：难道你不认为约翰逊教授的演讲很无聊吗？哦，一点也不。他给我们列举了大量的例子，并且给我们留下了深刻的印象。surprised“惊奇的，吃惊的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”；disappointed“失望的”；impressed“印象深刻的”。根据题意可知答案为D。,3introduce vt.介绍，使相互认识；引进，进入；采用,(2)introduction n介绍；导言；说明 a letter of introduction 介绍信 a brief introduction to.对的简介,例句：Could you give me a brief introduction of the Diaoyu Island issue?你能给我简单介绍一下钓鱼岛问题么？We should introduce new military technology into our country.New military technology should be introduced into our country.我们应该把新技术引进我们的国家。,【链接训练】The clothes here are not only of poor quality but also expensive.Peter_us a wrong place.Aintroduced Bis introducingChad introduced Dintroduces【解析】考查时态。句意为：这里的衣服不仅质量糟糕而且价格也贵。Peter给我们介绍错了地方。很明显“Peter作介绍”这件事发生在两人说话之前，故用一般过去时。【答案】A,4cover v盖，掩盖；走(路程)；报道；占用(一段时间或空间)；足够支付，够付；包括，涉及，包含 n盖子；封面，封底归纳拓展(1)cover sth./sb.with sth.用某物把某物/某人盖住,cover an area of.占的面积 The Diaoyu Islands cover an area of 4.3838 square kilometers.钓鱼岛占地4.3838平方公里。cover sth.up 遮盖、隐瞒(某事、某物)cover the event 采访这个事件cover the expenses够付费用,Japanese government insists that the islands are covered by the US-Japan security treaty.日本政府一再坚持钓鱼岛适用于美日安保条约,interview/cover二者都有“采访”的含义，但是用法不同。(1)interview 采访的对象是“人”，所以要跟表示人的名词作宾语。(2)cover 采访的对象是“事”，所以要跟表示事物的名词作宾语。,May I have a talk with one of your sports reporters?Sorry,but all of them are about to the main events of the day.A.get B.find C.coverD.search 解析 cover 表示“采访”时，采访的对象是“事”,符合句意。,(2)under the cover of.在的掩护下，趁着 from cover to cover(整本书)从头到尾 under the cover of America 在美国的保护下Secondary school in the US usually covers seven years，grades six to twelve.美国的中学通常包括6至12年级在内的7年。,【链接训练】How many pages have you_so far？Can you return the book_me tomorrow?Alooked；for Bseen；toCcovered；to Dturned；for【解析】第一空考查动词辨析。look单纯的“看”，表示动作；see看到，强调看的结果；cover“看了页”；turn“随便翻翻”；第二空考查return.to.“把还给”的用法。句意为：迄今为止你看了多少页了？你明天能把这本书还给我吗？故正确答案为C项。【答案】C,By sunset we had covered thirty miles.到日落的时候，我们已走了30英里。He covered many things that we dont know.他报道了很多我们不知道的事情。,(2010年山东卷)Do you have enough to_all your daily expenses?Oh yes，enough and to spare.Acover BspendCfill Doffer【解析】句意为：你有足够用以支付日常费用的钱吗？是的，足够并且还有节余。cover(指钱)够(某事物)用。如：10 pounds will cover our petrol for the journey.10英镑就足够支付我们旅行的汽油费。The firm barely covers(its)costs；it hasnt made a profit for years.该公司几乎入不敷出，已经多年没有盈利了。spend花费；fill填充；offer主动提供。【答案】A,5attitude C态度，看法；姿势归纳拓展an attitude to/towards sth./sb.对某事/某人的态度、看法have a good/bad/positive/negative/rational attitude towards sb./sth.对某人/某物持好的/坏的/肯定的/否定/理智的的态度,take/adopt a/an.attitude towards.采取的态度 We should adopt a rational attitude towards the Diaoyu Islands issue.对于钓鱼岛事件，我们应该采取理智的态度。in the attitude of.以的姿势,例句：Peoples attitudes to/towards doing such work are the same.人们对于做这样的工作的态度是一致的。She shows a very positive attitude to her work.她工作态度非常积极。The photographer has caught him in the attitude of prayer.摄影者捕捉到了他祈祷的姿势。,【链接训练】In order to change the attitudes _ employing women，the government is bringing in new laws.AaboutBofCtowardsDon【解析】考查介词的用法。句意为：为了转变招聘女性的态度，政府正在出台新的法律。attitude to/towards是固定用法，意为“对于的态度”。【答案】C,6.behavior(美）/behaviour（英）n.行为,举止,习性 注：our和or：英语部分our在美语中的拼写为or，如：colour/color,favourite/favorite等等。,behave v.表现；（机器等）运转；举止端正；（事物）起某种作用 behave well/badly 表现好/不好 behave oneself 表现好，守规矩,Japan should rein in its unlawful behavior.日本应该控制 他的非法行为。Chinese government will firmly oppose illegal behaviors during protests.政府部门坚决反对示威活动中的非法行为,7.brilliant adj.(口语）极好的;灿烂的，闪耀的；杰出的，才气的词根：brilli-发光 brilliant white/blue 亮白/蓝色brilliance 才华He came up with an brilliant idea.他想到一个好主意。Teachers in New Oriental are brilliant!新东方的老师真真是极好的！,The countyside was bathed in brilliant sunshine.乡村沐浴在灿烂的阳光下。Michelle Obamas brilliant performance has helped Obama win most of the voters support.米歇尔-奥巴马的精彩表现为奥巴马赢得了多数选民的支持,8.enthusi