语法复习（主从复合句.ppt
主 从 复 合 句,定语从句（Attributive Clause）,名词性从句（Noun Clause）,状语从句（Adverbial Clause）,主从复合句:,关系代词：,关系副词：,that（主、宾、表；可指人或物）which（主、宾、表、定；只指物）who（主、宾；只指人）whom（宾；只指人）whose（定；可指人或物）as（主、宾、表）but（主、宾）,when（时间状语）where（地点状语）why（原因状语）,定语从句（Attributive Clause）,as的用法:,1.引导非限制性定语从句,其先行词多为整个主句;as位置比较灵活,可位于主句前或主句后，还可以插入主句中。,Eg.)As we all know(=_),smoking does harm to health.=Smoking does harm to health,as we all know.=Smoking,as we all know,does harm to health.=_ is known to all _ smoking does harm to health.,As is known to all,It,that,2.若先行词前有_ 作修饰语,通常用as 作关系代词。,Eg.)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out.Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an exam problem _ none of us worked it out.You should give the watch to Lily.This watch is the same _ she lost yesterday.Im going to buy the same watch _ he bought the other day.(that;as;which;like),the same,so,such,as,that,that,as,it,“介词+关系词”引导定语从句:,Eg.)The palace _ I often pay a visit dates from the 17th century.The students,most _ are from the north,are not used to the winter in Shanghai.,We all stood on the top of the high building,_ we could see the whole city.A.to which B.from that C.from where D.which,to which,of whom,介词的选择:一看先行词;二看与从句谓语动词的搭配;三看整个句子的意思.,关系代词作定语：,例:He wont want to eat it unless hes really hungry,in _ case hell eat almost anything.A.what B.that C.whose D.which,Eg.)Tom spent four years in college,during _ time he learned French.I called him by the wrong name,for _ mistake I should apologize.,A mental patient is one _ mind is diseased.The students are working hard at English,_ _ _ _ is known to all.,which,which,whose,whose,importance,importance,/the importance of which/of which the,判断关系代词和关系副词:,Eg.)I still remember the day _/_ _ we first met.Ill never forget the day _ we spent together.That is the reason _ he explained to us for his action.The reason _/_ _ he was fired was _(because,that)he was careless.I like to take my vacation in the mountain,_ is quiet and beautiful.I like to take my vacation in the mountain,_ there are many plants.,when,on which,(that/which),(that/which),why,for which,that,which,where,Is there a bus stop around which I can take a No.3 bus?,_,where,Eg.)You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.(NMET 2004)A.why B.where C.what D.how,where 用法知多少:,Where bees are,there is honey._ others are weak,he is strong.Its none of your business where I spend my vacation.,地点状语从句,名词性从句,Ex.)Finally we reached _ was once an old temple _ the villagers used as a school.A.where;that B.what;where C.what;which D.there;which,Where,名词性从句（Noun Clause）,主语从句（Subject Clause）,表语从句(Predicative Clause),宾语从句（Object Clause）,同位语从句（Appositive Clause）,Noun clause:We all have a firm belief that hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.Women are playing an important role in what used to be considered“mens territory”.Did it ever occur to you that we should move to a warm climate?Thats where a change is needed.,that hard work can,make up for a lack of intelligence.,what,used to be considered“mens territory”,that we should move to,a warm climate,where a change is needed,同位语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,从句必须使用陈述语序,名词性从句中的“that”,Eg.)It happened that it was raining heavily.I wish that she would understand me.The reason was that he felt unwell.The news that we have been invited to the conference is encouraging.(比较:The news that he heard is a rumor.),There is no doubt that he is an excellent scholar.Word came that he would arrive late.,同位语从句:,Eg.)He told me that he enjoyed his stay here and he wanted to settle down.We took it for granted the expenses would be low.I promised if anyone come to set me free,I would make him king over the earth.They told me once again this would never happen again.he never did such a thing I simply cant believe.,在名词性从句中,我们要掌握that的三个要点:1.无词义;2.在从句中不作任何成分;3.可省略或不可省略的情况。,1.在_ 从句中,that一般均不可以省略。,that,That,that,that,that,2.在宾语从句中,主语、表语和同位语,在下列情况中that不可以省略：,what从句的功能:,Eg.)I dont understand()all he has said mean.()was once regarded impossible has become a reality.Our hometown is not()it used to be.I have no idea()we should do next.Years of hard work made her()she is now.After years of hard work,she was made()she is now.,what,what,What,what,what,what,Our hometown is not what it used to be.,=Our hometown is not the same _ it used to be.=Our hometown is different from _ it used to be.=Our hometown is not the one _ it used to be.,as,what,that,what从句的功能:,Eg.)I dont understand()all he has said mean.()was once regarded impossible has become a reality.Our hometown is not()it used to be.I have no idea()we should do next.Years of hard work made her()she is now.After years of hard work,she was made()she is now.,what,what,What,what,what,what,Ex.)The small mountain village _ we spent our holiday last month lies in _ is now part of Hubei.A.which;where B.where;what C.that;which,注意:1.在很多情况下,what不能简单地译为“什么”,应根据具体语境,具体理解。,2.what 和whatever引导名词性从句的区别:what可以表示the thing(s)等特指含义;而whatever相当于anything that,强调“无论什么”。,Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.,Eg.)Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?Oh,thats _ makes me feel excited.,whatever,what,However,no matter+wh-/how 与 wh-ever/however的区别:,Eg.)No matter who knocks,dont open the door.No matter how hot it is,he will not take off his coat.Ill just say whatever comes to my mind.Whatever(=What ever)are you doing there?,Whoever,状语从句（Adverbial Clause）,时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句方式状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句,时间状语从句,when,while,as;,the moment/minute/instant;immediately/directly/instantly;hardly/scarcely when;no soonerthan,before,after;,until/till,notuntil;,as soon as,every/each/any/next/last time/the first time,once,since,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,where,wherever,because,since,as;now(that),in that,seeing(that),方式状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,条件状语从句,让步状语从句,比较状语从句,as;as if,as though,so/such that;such that;so that,in order that,so that,for fear that,lest,in case,if,unless;in case;as/so long as;on condition that;provided/providing;supposing/suppose;given;when,while,although,though;no matter+wh-/how,wh-ever/however;even if,even though;when,while，whether;,than,as,although/as/though的用法:,Which of the following is right?_A child as he is,he can tell right from wrong.Child as he is,but he can tell right from wrong.Child though he is,yet he can tell right from wrong.Child although he is,he can tell right from wrong.,_(尽管我很喜欢它),I will not buy the dress._(尽管他会尝试),he might fail again.,Much as/though I like it,Try as/though he would,since的用法:,Arent you a college student?_.Its two years since I was at college.No,I am B.Yes,I am C.No,Im not D.Yes,Im not,until¬ until,Eg.)It was until last year that he _.came to realize the importance of learning Englishworked as a physics teacher at a middle schoolset out to build a new house of his ownleft his hometown for a new start,A friend is never known until needed.,一词多译的“before”:,Eg.)All things are difficult before they are easy.It was a long time before I got to sleep again.It wont be long before we meet again.She had struggled to her feet before I ran over to her.Lock your bike before it gets stolen.I would shoot myself before I apologized to her.,when 的典型用法:,Eg.)When I called on her,she was playing the piano.,2.常用于be doing/be(just)about to do/had not been doing when,Eg.)We were swimming in the lake when the storm started.We hadnt been out for long when she felt sick.,3.表示原因,“既然,考虑到”=since,Eg.)Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?,1.引导时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”。,4.表示条件,相当于“if”,Eg.)How can I finish the job when he refuses to help me?,5.表示让步,相当于“although”,Eg.)The waitress brought me a coffee when I asked for a tea.,while的用法:,n.)in a little while(every)once in a whileIt is worth(ones)while to do/doing sth.,conj.),1.引导时间状语从句，其表示的时间只能是一段:,Eg.)I got hurt while(I was)riding a bike.,Eg.)He likes playing golf while his wife prefers playing tennis.,Eg.)While I admit that there are problems,I dont agree that they cant be solved.,Eg.)While there is life,there is hope.,2.表示对比,“然而”,3.表示让步,“尽管,虽然”(多放于句首),4.表示条件,“只要”,
