语法精讲系列(七).ppt

语法精讲系列（七）主谓一致和特殊句式,1.(2012湖南高考)All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health.A.show;are B.shows;areC.show;is D.shows;is【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。句意：所有的科学证据表明在农业生产中越来越多地使用化学物品正在损害我们的健康。evidence为不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数；题干中的第二个空的主语是use，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，故D项正确。,2.(2011江苏高考)The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A.suggest B.suggests C.suggested D.suggesting【解析】选B。考查主谓一致和时态。句意：仍然有很多人在公共场所吸烟,这样的事实表明我们或许需要一场全国性的运动来提高人们对吸烟的危害的认识。分析句子结构可知，the fact后that引导的是同位语从句，空格后的that从句则是谓语动词suggest的宾语从句；主语是the fact，故排除A、D两项；结合从句的时态可知主句要用现在时态，故选B项。,3.(2011安徽高考)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A.is B.are C.was D.were【解析】选D。考查主谓一致和时态。句意：工厂用了这种原材料的65%，剩余部分节省出来留作他用。定语从句中先行词是the raw materials，故定语从句应与先行词的数保持一致，用复数，上文时态为过去时，故选D。,4.(2012陕西高考)The basketball coach,as well as his team,_ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.A.were B.was C.is D.are【解析】选B。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：比赛后不久，那位篮球教练和他的队员们因为他们的出色表现而受到了采访。根据句意可知事情已经发生，所以用过去时，排除C和D两项。主语后接as well as短语作插入语时，谓语动词形式不受其影响。这里的主语The basketball coach是单数，所以谓语动词应该用单数，B项符合题意。,5.(2010全国卷)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A.wear B.wearsC.has worn D.have worn【解析】选B。考查主谓一致和时态。句意：Barbara很容易被认出来，因为她是那些妇女中唯一穿晚礼服的人。首先the only one of.为先行词时,定语从句修饰的是one,即one是主语,而非后面的复数women,根据主谓一致的原则,谓语动词应该用单数,排除A、D两项。另外,从“is”可以看出句子用一般现在时,排除C,故选B。,6.(2010湖南高考)Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.is B.are C.has D.have【解析】选C。考查主谓一致。句意：在青少年中，在摇滚音乐会上听噪音太大的音乐已经导致听力丧失。根据动名词短语作主语句子的谓语动词用单数形式,可排除B、D两项,根据主语与caused的主动关系,排除A项。,7.(2010四川高考)Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read,of whose works,however,some _ difficult to understand.A.are；are B.is；is C.are；is D.is;are【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意：像莎士比亚那样的诗人在世界范围内拥有大量的读者，但是，他的一些作品却很难理解。主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数,其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works,谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。,8.(2009山东高考)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1997.A.is B.areC.has been D.have been【解析】选C。考查主谓一致和时态。句意：自从1997年以来，上中国大学的外国学生数量一直在稳定增长。主语是 the number,故谓语动词用单数,又因时间状语是since 1997，所以用完成时态。故选C。,9.(2009四川高考)The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.A.are;were B.is;wereC.are;was D.is;was【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。句意：那位老师跟学生们正在讨论阅读技能，这本书在美国刚刚出版。A together with B作主语时，谓语动词与A的单复数保持一致；第二空为定语从句，that指代Reading Skills,由于Reading Skills是书名所以谓语动词用单数。故选D。,10.(2009陕西高考)Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,_ visit Beijing this summer.A.is going to B.are going toC.was going to D.were going to【解析】选A。考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：史密斯博士还有他的妻子和女儿们准备今年夏天去北京参观。主语中心词是Dr.Smith,表单数,谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer,表将来,故时态用一般将来时,选A。,11.(2009江西高考)At present,one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.A.is B.are C.will be D.was【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意：目前，人们赞成建一座新机场的理由之一是它将给这个地区带来很多的就业机会。句中的in favor of the new airport是介词短语作后置定语，修饰arguments。根据句中的one of可知谓语动词用单数形式，再结合at present可判断用一般现在时。故A项正确。,12.(2009湖南高考)Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A.are B.is C.have D.be【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意：明天的会议可以是你或你的学生们中的一个去参加。either.or.连接两个主语,按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。根据one of your students 谓语应用单数形式，故选B。,13.(2012江西高考)Never before _ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.A.had she B.she had C.has she D.she has【解析】选C。考查倒装句。句意：她从来没见过有人打网球打得和罗伯特一样好。Never放于句首，句子要用部分倒装结构，从后面的can可以看出是描写现在的情况，用现在时态，这里用完成时，表示到现在为止，故选C。,14.(2012山东高考)I dont know about you,but Im sick and tired of this weather._.I cant stand all this rain.A.I dont care B.Its hard to sayC.So am I D.I hope so,【解析】选C。考查倒装句。句意：我不知道你感觉怎么样，但我讨厌这种天气。我也是。我无法忍受整天下雨。当表示后者与前者具有相同特征的时候，后者用倒装的形式；肯定用so，否定用nor或neither构成。根据后面一句中的I cant stand all this rain可知，此处与上一句中的Im sick and tired of this weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。故选C。,15.(2012重庆高考)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course,nor _ it a thought.A.does he even give B.he even givesC.will he even give D.he will even give【解析】选C。考查倒装句。句意：校长不会允许改变课程，将来也不会考虑的。否定词“nor”位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构，而且根据语境空白处应使用一般将来时，C选项符合题意。,16.(2012辽宁高考)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _ having a holiday abroad.A.he had considered B.had he consideredC.he considered D.did he consider【解析】选D。考查倒装句。句意：他直到三年前从教育行业退休才考虑到国外旅行。Not until位于句首时句子要倒装，排除A、C两项，consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，排除B项。故选D。,17.(2012四川高考)This is not my story,nor _ the whole story.My story plays out differently.A.is there B.there is C.is it D.it is【解析】选C。考查倒装句。句意：这并不是(关于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局与这不同。nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D两项；再根据句意选代词it。故答案选C。,18.(2012天津高考)Only after Mary read her composition the second time _ the spelling mistake.A.did she notice B.she noticedC.does she notice D.she has noticed【解析】选A。考查倒装句。句意：玛丽直到再一次读了自己的作文后才注意到这处拼写错误。only放在句首，引导状语结构，后面的句子用倒装，叙述过去的事情，用过去时，故选A。,19.(2011江苏高考)It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._,wed better take it to the garage immediately.A.Otherwise B.If notC.But for that D.If so【解析】选D。考查省略和替代。句意：听起来汽车的发动机好像有问题。如果这样的话，我们最好立刻把它送到汽修厂去。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。otherwise否则，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that若不是因为那样；if so若是这样。根据句意，D项最佳。,20.(2012湖南高考)It was not until I came here _ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.A.who B.that C.where D.before【解析】选B。考查强调句。句意：直到来到这儿我才意识到这个地方出名不仅仅是因为它的美丽，还因为它的气候。把it was及空去掉，可转换为一个完整的句子。且这是表示“直到才”的句型之一：it was not until.that.。故选B。,21.(2012重庆高考)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.A.when B.that C.after D.since【解析】选B。考查强调句型。句意：在克里斯托弗哥伦布横跨大西洋的80年前，郑和就航行到了东非。句子虽然比较长，但是其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写that。因此正确答案为B选项。,22.(2012北京高考)_ at the door before you enter my room,please.A.Knock B.KnockingC.Knocked D.To knock【解析】选A。考查祈使句。句意：请在进入我房间前先敲门。本句没有主语，属于发出指令，是祈使句，所以要用动词原形。故选A。,23.(2012江苏高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,_?A.is there B.isnt thereC.is he D.isnt he【解析】选A。考查反意疑问句。句意：毫无疑问你认为他是无辜的，对吗？根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。,24.(2011上海高考)It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party,_?A.doesnt it B.does itC.dont they D.do they【解析】选B。考查反意疑问句。句意：他们是否想来参加你的聚会无关紧要，是吗？对“It doesnt matter if+从句”句型进行反意疑问，需要针对主句进行反问，故选B。,25.(2011重庆高考)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did,_?A.could he B.didnt IC.didnt you D.could they【解析】选B。考查反意疑问句。句意：我告诉过他们并不是每个人都能跑得像你那么快，难道不是吗？含有宾语从句的主从复合句，反意疑问句常与主句保持一致，本句的主句为一般过去时的肯定形式，故选B。,一、主谓一致,二、特殊句式考点 1 倒装句的2种类型 考查指数,+be+主语,+though/as+主谓结构,考点 2 省略句的5种类型 考查指数,考点3 强调的2种类型 考查指数,考点4 强调句型与3大从句的辨析 考查指数,考点5 其他重要的特殊句式 考查指数,【模拟题组】1.(2013南昌模拟)More than one worker _ sent to the training center to improve their working skills in the past three years.A.is B.has beenC.are D.have been,【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意：在过去的三年里，有许多工人被派往培训中心去提高工作技能。本句中，主语是More than one worker，谓语用单数形式。由后面的时间状语in the past three years可知用现在完成时，故选B。,2.(2013潍坊模拟)Paper money _ for over a thousand years.A.have been used B.has been usedC.are used D.is using【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意：纸币已经应用了一千多年了。money 为不可数名词，因此谓语动词用单数，又由“for.years”可知用完成时，所以选B。,3.(2013济南模拟)As the saying goes，“No news _ good news.”A.are B.is C.has D.be【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意：正如谚语所说，“没有消息，就是好消息。”因news为不可数名词，表示单数意义，所以答案为B。,4.(2013秦皇岛模拟)I who _ your English teacher will do my best to help you with your study.A.am B.is C.are D.be【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意：我，作为你们的英语老师，会尽力在学习上帮助你们。定语从句的谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致。先行词是I，因此定语从句的谓语动词用am。故选A。,5.(2013南通模拟)Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and every girl in the area _ invited.A.were B.have beenC.has been D.was【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。句意：你昨晚去看展出了吗？是的，这里的所有男孩、女孩都受到了邀请。根据时间状语last night可以排除B、C两项。every/each/no名词and every/each/no 名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,6.(2013银川模拟)The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _ its soil and water of its lakes,rivers and oceans.A.has B.do C.is D.are【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。句意：大气就像土壤及湖泊、河流、海洋里的水一样，都是地球的一部分。此处soil and water，并列作主语，故用谓语动词are。,7.(2013连云港模拟)Chen Fang,as well as her two colleagues,_ on a trip to Tibet in a month.A.goes B.goC.is going D.are going【解析】选C。考查主谓一致及时态。句意：陈芳跟她的两个同事，准备一个月后去西藏旅行。此处Chen Fang是主语，故谓语动词用单数；根据in a month可知用将来时。故选C。,8.(2013临沂模拟)A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers.A.are telling B.is tellingC.are given D.were given【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意：我们的英语老师，也是班主任，正在给我们讲工人志愿者的事。本句主语指的是同一个人，即英语老师兼班主任，谓语动词用单数形式。故选B。,9.(2013淄博模拟)Our monitor said to our English teacher,“All _ present and all _ going on well.”A.is；is B.are；are C.are；is D.is；are【解析】选C。考查主谓一致。句意：班长对我们英语老师说：“大家都在这儿，一切进展顺利。”第一个“all”指人，意思为“所有的人，大家”，其谓语动词用复数；第二个“all”表示事物，指“一切情况”，其谓语动词用单数。故选C。,10.(2013东营模拟)The young _ eaten up almost everything;one and a half bananas _ left on the table.A.is;are B.are;isC.has;have been D.have;has been【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。句意：年轻人几乎把一切东西都吃完了，桌上只剩下一个半香蕉。“the young”指一类人(年轻人)时，谓语动词用复数；“一个半香蕉”后谓语动词用单数，故选D。,11.(2013合肥模拟)A survey of the opinions of experts that _ three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.A.show;are B.shows;isC.show;is D.shows;are【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意：来自专家的意见调查表明，一周三个小时的户外锻炼有益于身体健康。第一个空的主语是survey,谓语动词用单数；后面的主语是three hours of outdoor exercise,看作整体，谓语动词也用单数，故选B。,12.(2013安庆模拟)“All _ here,and all I want to tell you _ that her condition is greatly improved.”our teacher said.A.are;are B.are;is C.is;is D.is;are【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意：“大家都在这儿了，我想告诉你们的是她的状况已经得到了很大的改善。”老师说道。第一个all指人，谓语动词用复数；第二个all指事情，谓语动词用单数。故选B。,13.(2013南昌模拟)The singer and dancer _ come to the party tonight.A.is to B.are toC.are going to D.was to【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意：这位歌手兼舞蹈演员今晚会来参加晚会。the singer and dancer指一个人所兼的两个称谓，因此谓语动词用单数。故选A。,14.(2013兰州模拟)The population of China _ larger than that of any other country in the world.A.are B.is C.have D.has【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意：中国的人口比世界上其他任何国家的人口都多。当population单独作主语时谓语动词用单数；若前面有具体数词修饰时谓语动词用复数，如Eighty percent of the population of this country are farmers.这个国家百分之八十的人口是农民。故选B。,15.(2013郑州模拟)The writer and teacher Smith _ through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.A.have gone B.had goneC.went D.has gone【解析】选D。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。由句中since可知主句要用现在完成时，且主语表示史密斯身兼两职，故选D。,16.(2013石家庄模拟)Not until one of his works was published _ to gain his confidence in writing.A.he was able B.was he ableC.he had been able D.had he been able【解析】选B。考查倒装句。句意：直到他的一部作品出版，他才对写作有了自信。此处not until引导的时间状语从句放在句首，主句部分倒装，叙述过去事实，用一般过去时，故选B。,17.(2013上饶模拟)Nowhere else _ your fortune except where the economy is booming.A.you can make B.have you madeC.you will make D.can you make【解析】选D。考查倒装句。句意：除了经济繁荣的地方，你没有其他地方可以赚钱。此处nowhere放在句首，主句部分倒装，所以选D。,18.(2013邯郸模拟)How terrible it is today!_.A very bad day for swimming,isnt it?A.So it is B.So is itC.Nor it is D.Nor is it【解析】选A。句意：今天天气多糟糕啊！的确是。不是游泳的好天气，是吗？此处表示肯定上句的内容，用So it is。故选A。,19.(2013遂宁模拟)By no means _ true that all native speakers of English know their own language very well.A.is that B.that is C.is it D.it is【解析】选C。考查部分倒装句。句意：所有以英语为母语的人都对他们的语言很了解这种说法是不对的。否定短语by no means置于句首时，主句用部分倒装，it是形式主语，故选C。,20.(2013南昌模拟)Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1,000 years.A.does a tall tree stand B.stands a tall treeC.a tall tree is standing D.a tall tree stands【解析】选B。考查完全倒装。句意：就在我们房子前面有棵树，有一千年的历史了。介词短语引导的地点状语放在句首，句子常用完全倒装。stand为不及物动词，a tall tree作主语，全部倒装形式为B项。,21.(2013郑州模拟)Will you go to see the movie The Lion Roars tomorrow evening?No,I am going to a lecture,or at least I am planning _.A.to B.so C.go D.that【解析】选A。考查省略的用法。句意：明晚你去看电影河东狮吼吗？不，我要去听一个报告，或者说我至少打算去听。I am planning to是I am planning to go to a lecture的省略，to后面的部分省略，故选A。,22.(2013江西模拟)You ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday evening.Yes,I know I _.A.ought to have B.have toC.should D.must have【解析】选A。考查省略用法。句意：昨晚你应该向汤姆道歉。是的，我知道自己昨晚应该道歉。此处全句应为I know I ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday evening.,在含有ought to句子的简略回答中，表示过去动作的have不能省略。故选A。,23.(2013烟台模拟)You should apologize to her，Barry._，but its not going to be easy.A.I suppose so B.I feel soC.I prefer to D.I like to【解析】选A。考查省略结构。句意：Barry，你该向她道歉。我也这么认为，但是不容易做到。此题是简略答语，用so来代替上文所说的情况，用于肯定答复。选A。,24.(2013青岛模拟)Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day._？Thats his third one in just one month.A.Had he B.Did heC.Does he D.Has he【解析】选B。考查省略。句意：杰克前几天买了部新手机。是吗？那是他一个月内买的第三部手机了。由上文用了一般过去时可知，后句也应用一般过去时，用助动词代替，所以用did。故选B。,25.(2013吉林模拟)_ made Daisy wild with joy?Her success in the A-level exam this year.A.How was it that B.When was it thatC.Why was it that D.What was it that【解析】选D。考查强调句式的特殊疑问句。句意：什么让Daisy高兴得近于发疯了？她今年成功通过了A级考试。此处强调主语成分，而答语“Her success in the A-level exam this year.”作主语，相当于问句中的what。故选D。,26.(2013菏泽模拟)It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A.was until;when B.was until;thatC.wasnt until;when D.wasnt until;that【解析】选D。考查强调句。句意：直到我们在一起待了几周我才发现我们有许多共同点。It was.that.构成强调句，对not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks进行强调。去掉it was和that句子仍能成立并且意义完整，故选D。,27.(2013兰州模拟)David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _ he chose the course.A.that B.what C.why D.how【解析】选A。考查强调句。句意：大卫说因为他对文学兴趣很浓厚，所以才选择了这门课程。此句包括了“it was被强调的原因状语that”句型结构。故选A。,28.(2013贵州师大附中模拟)The girl spent as much time surfing the Internet as she _ shopping.A.had B.did C.was D.would【解析】选B。考查替代的用法。句意：这个女孩上网花费的时间和买东西的时间一样多。此处did替代spent，保持时态一致，故选B。,29.(2013潍坊模拟)When youve finished with that book，dont forget to put it back on the shelf，_？A.do you B.dont youC.will you D.wont you【解析】选C。考查祈使句的反意疑问句。句意：当你看完那本书时，不要忘记把它放回到架子上去，好吗？否定祈使句的反意疑问句应用“will you？”，属于固定用法。故选C。,30.(2013菏泽模拟)Help others whenever you can _ you will make the world a nicer place to live in.A.and B.or C.unless D.but【解析】选A。考查祈使句。句意：无论何时都要尽可能帮助别人，那么你生活的世界会变得更美好。“祈使句+and+句子”表示“做，那么”。“祈使句+or+句子”表示“做，否则”。根据句意选A项。,【原创题组】31.Chinese state media say the countrys navy _ successfully landed a fighter jet on an aircraft carrier for the first time.A.have B.has C.had D.is【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意：中国官方媒体说，中国海军首次成功地完成了在航母上的战机降落。本句的主语是navy，根据主谓一致的意义一致原则，将navy看作整体，谓语动词用单数，根据上下文语境，用现在完成时最佳，故选B。,32.Liu Qiang,along with his neighbours,_ from the expressway free policy during the National Day holidays.A.have benefited B.have been benefited C.has benefited D.has been benefited【解析】选C。考查主谓一致。句意：刘强，还有他的邻居们，都从国庆假期的高速路免费政策中获益了。本句中有along with结构，谓语的数要与前面的主语保持一致，故用单数，选C。,33.Its an Indian man _ has become the worlds oldest father for the second time at the age of 96.A.who B.he C.which D.whom【解析】选A。考查强调句。句意：在96岁时第二次成为世界上最年长的父亲的是一个印度人。判断强调句与定语从句的根本原则就是看去掉its和that/who后原句是否成立，本题符合条件，故选A。,34.It was _ Obama had won re-election to a second term.A.not until I read the newspaper did I knowB.not until did I read the newspaper did I knewC.not until I read the newspaper that I knewD.not until did I read the newspaper that I knew【解析】选C。考查强调句。句意：直到我读了报纸我才知道奥巴马连任竞选成功了。本句是强调句，被强调部分是not until引导的时间状语从句。,35.On the ground _,which are to be shipped to the disaster areas.A.laid some machines B.lay some machines C.did some machines lie D.did some machines laid【解析】选B。考查倒装句式。句意：地上放着一些机器，它们将被用船运到灾区去。lay及物动词，“放、搁”与机器之间应是被动关系；lie不及物动词，“平放”。表方位的介词短语on the ground放在句首，句子要用完全倒装，故答案选B。,