分析化学英语全解.doc

I. vocabularyabsorbance吸光度absorption 吸收acetic acid 乙酸acetone 丙酮acetonitrile 乙腈aliquot 等份（试液）aluminum foil 铝箔American Chemical Society (缩写ACS) 美国化学会ammonium acetate 乙酸铵analyst 化验师，化验员analytical chemistry 分析化学aqueous 水的，含水的argon 氩（气）autosampler 自动进样器beaker 烧杯bibliography 参考书目blender 混合器，搅拌机buffer solution 缓冲溶液burette 滴定管cartridge 柱管centrifugation 离心Chemical Abstracts (缩写CA) 化学文摘chemical analysis 化学分析chromatograph 色谱仪chromatogram色谱图 cloud point extraction（缩写CPE）浊点萃取collision gas 碰撞气confidence level 置信水平conical flask 锥形瓶cone voltage 锥电压daughter ion 子离子desolvation gas 脱溶剂气derivatization 衍生化，衍生（作用）dichloromethane 二氯甲烷Diode array detector （缩写DAD）二极管阵列检测器dilution 稀释（n.）disperser solvent 分散剂dispersive liquidliquid microextraction 分散液液微萃取distilled water 蒸馏水dropping pipet 滴管electrochemical analysis电化学分析electrode 电极electrolyte 电解质electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波谱electrospray ionization (缩写ESI ) 电喷雾离子化eliminate 消除（v.）eluate 洗出液eluent 洗脱剂elute 洗脱 (v.)elution 洗脱（n.）Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry 分析化学百科全书The Engineering Index （缩写EI ） 工程索引enrichment factor 富集因子Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (缩写ELSD) 蒸发光散射检测器extract 萃取（v.）、萃取物 (n.)extraction efficiency 萃取效率filter 过滤（v.）、过滤器(n.)filtrate 滤出液filtration 过滤fluorescence荧光fluorometry荧光分析法formic acid 甲酸funnel 漏斗gas chromatographymass spectrometry (缩写GCMS) 气相色谱-质谱gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry （缩写GCMS/MS）气相色谱-串联质谱gel filtration chromatography凝胶过滤色谱法gel permeation chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法graduated cylinder 量筒high performance liquid chromatography (缩写HPLC) 高效液相色谱homogenate 匀浆 (n.)homogenize 使均质，将打成匀浆hydrophobic 疏水的identification 鉴定Impact Factor影响因子incubation time 温育时间Index to Scientific Technical Proceedings （缩写ISTP） 科技会议录索引indicator 指示剂instrumental analysis 仪器分析inter-day precision 天间精密度intra-day precision 天内精密度interference 干扰internal standard 内标ion exchange chromatography离子交换色谱法ion source 离子源limit of detection （缩写LOD）检出限limit of quantitation (缩写LOQ)定量限linearity 线性linear range 线性范围linear regression equation 线性回归方程liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （缩写LC-MS/MS）液相色谱串联质谱liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （缩写LC-ESI-MS/MS）液相色谱电喷雾串联质谱liquid-liquid partition chromatography 液液分配色谱法liquid-solid adsorption chromatography 液固吸附色谱法mass analyzer 质量分析器Mass Spectrometer 质谱仪mass spectrum 质谱图 mass-to-charge ratio 质荷比matrix effect 基质效应maximum absorption 最大吸收maximum value 最大值measuring pipet 吸量管methanol 甲醇micelle 胶束microwave assisted extraction 微波辅助提取minimum value 最小值mobile phase 流动相molar concentration摩尔浓度molarity 摩尔浓度mole 摩尔monograph专著Multiple-reaction monitoring 多反应监测(缩写MRM)negative ionization mode 负离子（化）模式nitrogen 氮（气）normal phase liquid chromatography正相液相色谱法nominal concentration 标示浓度optimization 优化outlier 离群值parent ion 母离子pipette 移液管 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 多环芳烃positive ionization mode 正离子(化)模式potentiometry电位法preconcentration 预浓缩precursor ion 前体离子（又称母离子）primary literature一次文献 product ion 产物离子（又称子离子）quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 四极杆-飞行时间质谱（缩写Q-TOF MS）qualitative analysis 定性分析quality assurance and quality control （缩写QA/QC） 质量保证和质量控制quantification 定量quantitative analysis 定量分析 reconstitute 重组、复溶（v.）recovery 回收率 refractive index detector 折光指数检测器，示差折光检测器relative abundance 相对丰度relative standard deviation （缩写RSD）相对标准偏差reproducibility 重现性reversed phase liquid chromatography（缩写RPLC）反相液相色谱法Royal Society of Chemistry（缩写RSC）英国皇家化学会Science Citation Index （缩写SCI ） 科学引文索引Science Citation Index Expanded (缩写SCIE) 科学引文索引扩展版Scientific notation 科学计数法signal to noise ratio （缩写S/N）信噪比size exclusion chromatography尺寸排除色谱法secondary literature二次文献solid-phase extraction （缩写SPE） 固相萃取solid-phase microextraction （缩写SPME） 固相微萃取spike 添加（v.）standard solution标准溶液stationary phase 固定相 stirring bar 搅拌棒stoichiometric point化学计量点surfactant 表面活性剂supernatant 上清液syringe 注射器tap water 自来水Teflon 聚四氟乙烯tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃titrant 滴定剂titration滴定trace analysis 痕量分析Ultra performance liquid chromatography (缩写UPLC) 超高效液相色谱Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometry 紫外/可见分光光度法vacuum 真空vessel 容器volumetric flask 容量瓶volumetric analysis容量分析法voltammetry 伏安法nanometer 纳米（nm） microgram 微克（mg） picogram 皮克（pg） milligram 毫克（mg） femtogram 飞克（fg） II. Terms and their definitionsAccuracy 准确度 A measure of the agreement between an experimental result and its expected value.Analysis 分析A process that provides chemical or physical information about the constituents in the sample or the sample itself Analyte 被测物，被分析物The constituent of interest in a sample Calibration curve 校准曲线 The result of a standardization showing graphically how a methods signal changes with respect to the amount of analyte.Calibration method 校准方法The basis of quantitative analysis: magnitude of measured property is proportional to concentration of analyteChromophore 生色团A functional group which absorbs a characteristic ultraviolet or visible wavelengthGradient elution 梯度洗脱 The process of changing the mobile phases solvent strength to enhance the separation of both early and late eluting solutes.Gravimetric analysis 重量分析 A type of quantitative analysis in which the amount of a species in a material is determined by converting the species into a product that can be isolated and weighed.Isocratic elution 等度洗脱the use of a mobile phase whose composition remains constant throughout the separation.Matrix 基质All other constituents in a sample except for the analytesMethod blank 方法空白 A sample that contains all components of the matrix except the analyte.Outlier 离群值Data point whose value is much larger or smaller than the remaining data.Precision 精密度 An indication of the reproducibility of a measurement or resultQuantitative analysis 定量分析The determination of the amount of a substance or species present in a material.Quantitative transfer 定量转移 The process of moving a sample from one container to another in a manner that ensures all material is transferred.Selectivity 选择性 A measure of a methods freedom from interferences as defined by the methods selectivity coefficient.Significant figures 有效数字The digits in a measured quantity, including all digits known exactly and one digit (the last) whose quantity is uncertain.Spectrophotometry 分光光度法. An analytical method that involves how light interacts with a substanceStock solution 储备液 A solution of known concentration from which other solutions are prepared.Titration curve 滴定曲线 A graph showing the progress of a titration as a function of the volume of titrant added.Validation （方法）确证，验证 The process of verifying that a procedure yields acceptable results.Titration error 滴定误差The determinate error in a titration due to the difference between the end point and the equivalence point.Robust method 广泛适用的方法A method that can be applied to analytes in a wide variety of matricesRugged method 稳健的方法 A method that is insensitive to changes in experimental conditionsMass Spectrometry 质谱法An analytical method which is based on ionization of gas phase molecule followed by analysis of the masses of the ions producedIII. Common knowledges1. Some key journals in Analytical Chemistry: Analytical Chemistry Trends in Analytical Chemistry Journal of Chromatography A Journal of Chromatography B Analyst Analytica Chimica Acta TALANTA Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ELECTROPHORESIS2. Types of articles published in scientific journals: Full Length Research Papers Rapid Communications Reviews Short Communications Discussions or Letters to the Editor (Some journals publish all types of articles, while others are devoted to only a single type.)3. The structure of a scientific paper: Title Authors (with affiliations and addresses) Abstract (summary) Key words Introduction Experimental Results and discussion Conclusion Acknowledgement References4. How to Read a Scientific Paper: Five Helpful Questions 1) WHY did they do this set of experiments? 2) HOW were the experiments actually done? 3) WHAT are the results? 4) WHAT can be concluded from the results? 5) Did they do everything correctly?5. Five-step analyzing process 1) Identify and define the problem. 2) Design the experimental procedure. 3) Conduct an experiment and gather data. 4) Analyze the experimental data.5) Report and suggestion. 6What are the main parts of a mass spectrometer? 1) sample introduction system 2) ion source 3) mass analyzer 4) detector 5) vacuum system