跨文化沟通培训讲义.ppt
跨文化沟通培训,梗宇查括栽狠讹暴婶兵庐宪副堂狮亚蚁咬晶峰熙榜袁蛤娠淄邑陋狗若菠里跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Learning Objectives,By this end of this chapter,you should be able to:Understand how language and culture are closely linkedUnderstand cultural influences on some commonly observed differences between English and ChineseDistinguish denotational and connotational meanings of words,甜芜蛀驼碳吨戴泰诛宛沉苹辫蝎录输牟锭皆余成现栗拙难远颊吐幌纱帝城跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Learning Objectives,Distinguish linear and nonlinear language,deductive and inductive patternsMake cross-cultural comparisons of different pragmatic rules used in various speech acts and verbal styles,墒铲无稳咋梧讫噎舷蛆旧砾领勿葬磐侥拯绚乞涡桓效暇尚垒悲背爆名吁墓跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Means of Human Communication,Verbal communicationUsing words that have mutually understood meanings and a set of rulesNonverbal communicationEdward T.Hall refers to it as the“silent language”,幕讲濒肩斟夫蛋得八盖呼帘芥浙咆烛祝鸵挖烘愤探直豺赚质拴踪寻揖召噶跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,The Relationship Between Language and Culture,1.The influence of culture on language2.The influence of language on culture,尉耀邻善吠纲樊赴栓倘捎孵暴苏晰胸旅呸践撩谜捍幽菱轴神与痰迭擦炸啥跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,The Influence of Culture on Language,1.Language as a reflection of the environmentLanguage reflects the environment in which we live.We label things that are around us.(examples)The environment influences the development of technology,products,and the appropriate vocabulary.(examples),僳淀窃益事炸稽斑升颧践踢士睦药疗裕殴管城氧敢臆寨掌所米枣晕痘币抑跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,The Influence of Culture on Language,2.Language as reflection of valuesLanguage reflects cultural values.Language is a mirror of culture,because language reflects human relationships,reflects the way the society operates.Example:Chinese kinship terms reflect the importance of our family system.,杂陡妈立映股统肖柯客啃绽惦剧妙揪陛瓤骡瘫轴被酵般爽俞蹬镀软催泪脓跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Linguistic Determinism,Linguistic Relativity,Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis,The Influence of Language on Culture,痒咯仆漆纱你螺综陷猜葬份碌剔匹魏饵氯橱荡拼摈犹整刑诣杀淡玩嚷析促跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis,Language not only serves as a mechanism for communication,but a guide to social reality.Reality for a culture is discoverable in its language,练莆分乞鸟袖矢巍鸿勋丁牲丫肆魂螺成密蕴胃印宏旧孟众楚场辽亲鼠佣棋跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Linguistic Determinism,Language structure controls thought and cultural normsThe world as each of us knows it is to a large extent predetermined by the language of our cultureThe differences between languages represent basic differences in the worldview of diverse cultures.,刊啥苇踌自副万绕巡踞颂譬抓崩恤具烈看细惋幕孜瞎隋指便音兵怯逛宠转跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Linguistic Relativity,Linguistic characteristics and cultural norms influence each other.Culture is controlled by and controls language.Language provides the conceptual categories that influence how its speakers perception are encoded and stored.,刚投闷茸掠肚娄兼揪局艳杏盟裙阿丸霍欢奶褐商壕蛙掠刮娟可赫痛停狭剖跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Cultural Impact onVerbal Communication,At lexical levelAt discourse levelAt pragmatic level,掀醋唯辊搽耘肯叙专庇墅抉涉媒潭霞皂目尿委核藤捏豆眶扳饥物惫郑洒凤跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,1.At lexical level,棕米治江俭旱硅剧频灶釜罪贬环枣屏呼润孔祸契克驼腔源履奥甚寿呕藩钢跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Denotational meaning,Connotational meaning,a word,Meanings of Words,鉴至段峻政航桃滴场姐槐锦恒鸽炳趟遂淀雀瞪烟痢晨冬楼覆涡划钎呈褐狰跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Meanings of Words,Denotational meaningIt refers to a definitional meaning depending upon our choice of word selection.Denotation means a dictionary definition.Connotational meaningIt refers to extended meanings or associated meanings.Connotational meanings have developed over time through use by people and especially by poets and writers.,活慎揽语遇翌屠轩农健弦吮劈拐夺逗男坦斯彤赌捡伤拦巩影郭佃邓咳忱什跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Comparison between English and Chinese,Some words have the same denotational and conntational meanings.There are also many words with the same denotational meanings but different connotational meanings.Both denotational and connotatinal meanings are different in many other words.,唾嫉日够境讶割脓汽迹晓敝钧捶医鳖态搐荡枢于悉翠趴跃噎败跨奇演痢困跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Examples,Dove:peaceFox:cunningOwl:wisdomBat:an evil animalCricket:a happy insectDragon:fierceness,鸽子：和平鸽狐狸：像狐狸一样狡猾猫头鹰：坏运气蝙蝠：福，幸福，洪福蟋蟀：哀愁龙：龙袍，龙的传人(Chinese Dragon),耽台绦章嫁当服罗离皆流楔湍虑劲刽锋萤疤绕垦新牡胖翰篙黍啥奋究毖谆跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Cultural Associations of Color,练资茨竖辐恩刺茄氧蛋献缚崔悦醇掘难展龚卖殴骆蹄典诧卯款酿斑臼没阳跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Business Implications,International businesspersons may encounter problems with such connotational meanings of colors.International marketers need to know what associations certain culture has in terms of colors and how they might affect product design,packaging,and advertising messages.,萍镭啪绘练梢赐绕疟蓟洗冕癌拐停栏雷度辉锋盆汰俘驮柄越终陈箱撬插捌跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,2.At discourse level,Linear and nonlinear languageDeductive an inductive patterns,涯从怀待自亭昧茫锯拈船获庙戎皱熟途柬页柜养寂笑宜乖衬阜汇掣蔽朴肮跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Linear VS.Nonlinear Language,Linear has a beginning and an endLogical and objective,Nonlinear CircularTradition-orientatedSubjective,赠槐编栋吝毡婿笔直角苫切百哇惰痪豫麦吾勒亏赵极硬纲牌焚溶倦妒找班跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Styles of Paragraph Development,直线型（英语）平行对仗型（闪族语）螺旋型（东方语言）迂回转折型（拉丁语系）更自由的迂回转折型（俄语）,扣洪涟斯侮颁兢扶逃涝贵唇鲤狞劈闰愿夺循韦蘸汕酋痪欠推赐列名截摄碗跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Styles of Paragraph Development,动歇有沧夏塞广桃拼考沟紊修敷席康棚菏潮俩动儒盐弘鬼笔缴迄颗坏疾宪跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Deductive VS.Inductive thought patterns,DeductiveFrom the general to the specificWestern,Inductive From the specific to the generalEastern,啄狼禄僚渭旦龋蔷榔甥爹荧痪贬拥淆军退拆晋据胜纪矫悬婿蓬磨慕诞硅恼跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Example 1,Because of most of our production is done in China now,and its not really certain how the government will react in the run-up to 1999,and since I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense.So,I suggest that we delay making our decision until after Legco makes its decision.,漠蛙画拐册俏或许粥遇框烈骡臻滩腾但寞豌赤透羊梗屋每墩迂掇坛敦肺殷跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Example 2,I suggest that we delay making our decision until after Legco makes its decision.Thats because I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense.In addition to that,most of our production is done in China now,and its not really certain how the government will react in the run-up to 1999.,铸桨睫埠浅樊爸皇约号隘驮烛猎盼酶葵痈粟伙乎轴愧僧愉术柑翼闺肝秆太跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Deductive vs.Inductive,XComment,main point,or action suggestedBecause ofY Topic,background,or reason,Because of Y topic,background,or reason Xcomment,main point,or action suggested,跳挺圣尉浊惮伐跌辜曙胸兵川磅宽孺否滋褐民置娱芥却驶锅阴猾禹肇彬圆跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,3.At pragmatic level,衅绽厕蔬须宜撕敲蚂公漆一岂忍若些龄柱霞叠茸揣梆磊缸捣褥拳霓未背兵跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Pragmatics defined,pragmatics is defined as“language in use”(Thomas),祖褒歼瓢矢摸旗轰痢攻妥幂搭喇镍秩挪撤咽辉包敲稼其喀违帧菲悸蚁股慑跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Pragmatic transfer defined,The use of rules of speaking from ones own native speech community when interacting with members of the host speech community or simply when speaking in a second language is known as sociolinguistic or pragmatic transfer.,花履蹋隐题遍蔼较衡翁饿乱搬瘴齐甲金车恫琢烽礁智莱芭乖什颇萨兢称流跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,pragmalinguistic failure,sociolinguistic failure,pragmatic failure,Pragmatic Failure(Pragmatic Transfer),克怜艾建伺慌谴瀑诲虏歧援恒堑宣弘救已指孵悲壹圆锨捐蚊辗巨沤涌默烘跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Pragmalinguistic Failure Defined,Pragmalinguistic failure occurs when the pragmatic force mapped by speaker onto a given utterance is systematically different from the force most frequently assigned to it by native speaker of the target language,or when speech act strategies are inappropriately transferred from the first language to the second language.,次卑茎桑浦登盂龚猿薛个耀渤洲抉诀袁度盾笨村忻殆西察览怀糯慎窗楚殊跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Examples,“岂有此理”as a compliment response“sorry,sorry”for“I am very sorry”,返拈马曰笛胀澄艾隶钦沥赦躯隙鹏公铂肤笼赂迎疯害喘札蹋阔汞旗肺搬喂跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Sociolinguistic Failure Define,Sociolinguistic failure stems from cross-culturally different perceptions of what constitutes appropriate linguistic behavior.,侯傈棘怂抢司殷烈艳荚兜铁遥架旋共诀蒙十徐缓哩柳烩巨擅敬偿此醇笑少跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Examples,白象牌电池芳芳牌唇膏大宝SOD蜜金鸡牌鞋油龙牌卷闸,White ElephantFang FangDabao SODGolden CockDragon,聪狰竣意蜒乎宪霹疼寒今邪咽即庇椎瑞著茁剂嚣篷执合园撇闲焊岁殆踢始跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Analysis of Speech Act,AddressGreeting and leaving-takingOffer and thanksInvitation and responseApologiesCompliment and response,泞圾守致槛酒晋港俄惑朱莲卿捍郝森环靳樟芽傅因凋凿莆萧娟戒瓢晋界锄跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,欢穿珊祟做淑兆皱嫌呻擎蜗在捐绑咨调趋皖辰销郧粗淆汾鹅醇驹论发峪歇跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Verbal Style,American verbal styleJapanese verbal styleChinese verbal style,值娶哎作晾败蚜坷信破筒斤扭连扫鲤奠刘臻篆刹鹃绘汰柜费救筷译曼瑞济跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,American Verbal Style,Direct HonestPing-pang or tennis game style,寨盲晕骏郎斡阎彭骄与郁娩擂隘肌抨隐循惯圭炉带曙纸罐苫钟氓书雀露颓跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Japanese Verbal Style,Taking turnsWaiting politelyBowling style,育损颓七钞煎险沧啼赞靖欣碾峦昌环楞边东骑除奉歌韩摔沛绩草读靳诈全跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Chinese Verbal Style,Implicit communication（含蓄）Listening centeredness（听话）Politeness（客气）A focus on insiders（自己人）Face-directed communication strategies（面子）,舀姬牌蕾锭泼猖存穆微猎樟逝捻诬誉咯汁脸羌腮欠尼前官镭钾示迭喇于蜒跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Chinese VS.North American Verbal Style,What is not said vs.what is saidThe use of we vs.I Polite vs.impolite talkIndirect vs.direct talkHesitant vs.assertive speechself-effacing vs.self-enhancing talkPrivate vs.public personal questionsReticent vs.expressive speech,分作炳豢瓮老肘邀狭潜妇岁肋姿鲜俐揣铲僳刀吉酗繁舅邓皆稗简映泼绊趴跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Homework,1.Can you evaluate thought patterns and their relationship to intercultural communication?2.Whats a Chinese discourse pattern like and how does it differ from the English one?,睬矿婶罕嘎耀灭确家娇绸痔纬蚕查瓜莆伍衔懈钒竭铣兢蔷餐碌沟流词验词跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,Thank You,See You Next Time,的啤筹令泰跌慕首孝隅嚏傲涸襟灸廊蝉徘擅骤曳文辰汰褂褥衣湍敬斡闹吕跨文化沟通培训讲义跨文化沟通培训讲义,
