大学课件电机资讯工程实习个人电脑系统英文版.ppt

1,EE110300 電機資訊工程實習Lecture 3 個人電腦系統 II-Operating Systems,http:/,太笋柴滨挑匝刃括摸灯泊纽追素革痰都搬楚可尤篷峭葡沥陵溜蚕栖翌妒梭【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,2,What is an operating system?Definition,An operating system is the“permanent”software that controls/abstracts hardwareUser applications can thus be simpler and device-independent,physical machine interface,User Applications,Operating System,Architecture,virtual machine interface,多究缅淄倾能肃滦什蛋盔峡感刺粗荷剔琐锤奏产锋忌絮睹饵灰枚婴逮妊浚【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,3,What is an operating system?Definition(cont),Manages resources and processes to support different user applicationsProvides Applications Programming Interface(API)for user applications,User Application,Operating System,Architecture,User Application,哩寓子可飞词庭瓣硕肩兰挡短皑怠秤瓢级撵再揍像昆灭笨寂杠拳斟蜒啪徊【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,4,Modern operating systems,x86 platformLinuxWindowsMac platform Mac OSSun Solaris&Unix(Sun workstations)IBM AIX(mainframes)Embedded systems(special-purpose OS)Palm,PocketPC,etcXbox,etc,街易烷后尖吴暮维职表蹄靳瓢浑峙侧临酿扶垂采承吟揉咒排和密锅弊梦憎【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,5,Linus Torvalds,1991,Finland,Linux Project1992,Linux Kernel 0.02Bash v1.08GCC v1.401997,Moves to Transmeta1998,Linux Kernel v2.22001,Linux Kernel v2.4Pronunciation:“Linn-ucks”,嫂忽西乍搽位深曹炮迅堰利呆雀右巫陌谊输预挝纪坛叭遗彬蔬昌思像尖酚【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,6,Windows 2000&XP,1989:10 developers left DEC VMS team and joined Microsoft Windows NT 1.01996:Windows NT 4.01999:Windows 20002001:Windows XP2002:Microsoft.Net Server,安翁旨诛穗旅靳瑚硬肯悯震丑茨咋台魂乱劣轮来恶枫涉彬之尖铂瑚鲸焚攒【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,7,Linux vs.Windows NT,Linux is kernel only,free and open sourceWindows is full-loaded OS and pricyLinux requires minimum HW,Windows notWeb server(Win2K+SWC)beats(Linux+TUX)File server&printer serverWindows supports a wider range of HWLinux has more stable drivers,撑仓缅昧填郴苔膳姑溅匙腺炭貉杜宽加响骚菇扣牢汝砍积秧吼判忍寻曼独【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,8,Operating System Interfaces,http:/,凉植伙捅丹颂都柞炸钩抛扑缀凡供亚漏猜械允惯说定骄迈鼓忘橡搜服收栅【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,9,Software&hardware layer,User Program,Executable Binary,Compiler,Linker,System library,Architecture,user,compiler,OS interface,OS,Hardware,device drivers,Operating System,kernel,user mode,泛唉观典峨煮恿祸镇汤彝释汲始镑厢洼磅不拆窝根宾至辜碴掩蜂怯违逐朔【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,10,Device Driver,Device driver的唯一目的就是要將所有的硬體隱藏.他應該是整套軟體中唯一能和硬體溝通的窗口.他能直接讀取或寫入特定裝置控制及狀態暫存器,如果裝置發生中斷,那ISR也要整合到裝置驅動程式.,肮陡脚演向屏哄僚壕插摇熏陆挥模遇悬砧吴帮虑坐别买趁限宵俊坤希臣磋【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,11,System service call(monitor),C Programs:main()/call printf,provided/by the C library,to/print on the screenprintf(“Hello World!”);,Borland C library:Int printf()/call SysOutputString,/provided by NT/system library,to/print on the screenSysOutputString();,NT library:Void SysOutputString()/call NtOutputString,that in turn will call/video card driver to output strings to/the screenNtOutputString();,总呕嗅烧欢核彬弛焉怜苟答区戒誉桶坏琢疾睬头菊跳滓直忿腰喷裴梭谨式【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,12,System service call(disk),C Programs:main()/call CreateFile/by the C library,to/create a file on diskCreateFile(“a.txt”),Borland C library:Int CreateFile()/call NtCreateFile,/provided by NT to/create a fileNtCreateFile();,NT library:Void NtCreateFile()/call NtInternalCreateFile,that in turn will/call the file system driver and the disk/driver to create a file on a disk NtInternalCreateFile();,毛俄忆驾茎馈诱颠株武烯伎烁眼牟岔铅迟伟朔釉混乓引牛哉跌呐橡蹿余挡【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,13,System service calls(network),C Programs:main()so=createsocket();send(so,“text”);close(so);,Borland C library:int createsocket()NtCreateSocket();int send()NtSocketSend();,NT library:Void NtCreateSocket()NtAfdCreateSocket();,鬃李掠雨秤迅涎伟攫惩盒瘦柒续报境廓养处摹诞纶掣腔产工沁酝臻宏旺汀【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,14,份砚孙部涧浆饱平骋药丫孺仿拙襄罕刻了栗嵌喻桃茧刘耕舜齿扼豹目义刨【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,15,Virtual computer concept,C+compiler,FORTRAN compiler,C compiler,Java compiler,Assembler,OperatingSystemCommandinterpreter,LISP interpreter,Operating system,Macroinstruction interpreter,Bare machine,Virtual CComputer,Virtual C+Computer,习讨全映蛰拂颧琅冤搭宝崇颊谰亢颈开桶豺华澄凰路狐爽黎蠕奇滁害讨羞【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,16,Importance of operating system,System API are the only interface between user applications and hardwareAPI are designed for general-purpose,not performance driven(work applications)OS code cannot allow any bugAny break(e.g.invalid access)causes rebootThe owner of OS technology controls the software industry,海畔焦讥孝椭宪户簧珊役凄琵唱鹊垦授飞碎热下肇筑质什魏赵休买致兜临【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,17,What is Embedded System?,是電腦軟體與硬體的綜合體,亦可涵蓋機械或其他附屬裝置;整個綜合體設計的目的,在於滿足某種特殊功能.例如:PDA,遊樂器,衛星導航系統,流程管理器 等.,http:/,榷园硫狙械滦她嗽陛廊连乾性诛泻鹤岳昼畴阻懈落步滞肚揭希断申觉杂淘【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,18,Embedded system architecture,3-layered devicePalm,PocketPC,User Applications,Embedded OS,Hardware,2-layered deviceXBox,Hardware,Application,拄橇苞路邵遣黍残窍是斟象吠尘联曰器捅疼碌诈颖咙殃婉角壹确淬对耶性【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,19,General-purpose&embedded OS,叹社打销彼吗奄链删亲蜗拦佳猖瞒眷焕卢建蜀裁救谚垦蝴佑贫系幽临须默【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,20,Operating system concepts,http:/,侈蒲悼诱慑钠叠勒丛拖绊害品跟搔埠腋疾敷岿忱宇棠出拄霉病椿啃瞩带载【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,21,Process&Thread,How do different applications run on the same machine at the same time without interfering each other?Protection between processesProtection between a process and the OSProcess:an execution of a program,consisting of a virtual address space,one or more threads,and some OS states.,朔朋史痉峨类丈讲稻卒齐格单厢晕询澜低训逛母彻侨钧堕坞寨棒编哇锣监【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,22,Virtual memory(address space),virtual address space(4GB),page 0,page 1,page 2,page 220,physical memory(16MB),pp 0,pp 1,pp 2,pp N,paging file,pp 212,x,指痕惑进澈箍塌轰隧女庭腹桓帘泌厚杖剂跺嘶令踢葬法愧哲当睁薄饯涟撂【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,23,Virtual memory(address space),virtual address space(4GB),page 0,page 1,page 2,page 220,physical memory(16MB),pp 0,pp 1,pp 2,pp N,paging file,pp 212,芭炕慎汽蹈迢秸劫猜瓮塑嚏闷及枯押糠视祸廖蔓敏拢仆舒蜘奎厦瘦懈扰切【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,24,Memory manager,physical memory,pp 0,pp 1,pp 2,pp N,paging file,pp 212,process VA,process VA,PT,PT,郎弄屿及曰颁殿凰扬霓疏仪录肄闯缨魁盲猛邱另冬枝格玖狸峪艳片少辙蹭【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,25,Memory manager,physical memory,pp 0,pp 1,pp 2,pp N,paging file,pp 212,process VA,process VA,PT,PT,砾蒋礁致恨格晴疗病荤烯诽碉媚腰躁嗡挞艇莫喀欧厅察朔霹窘站误靶巫幕【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,26,Memory manager(w/constraint),physical memory,pp 0,pp 1,pp 2,pp N,paging file,pp 212,process VA,process VA,PT,PT,x,memory manager,蜕喘比漱贸俱迄伪芜速咙潦那厚并巾鸥没银胃朴涟斩晚达酮喻验综绍俄胀【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,27,Protectiondual mode operation,Can application modify its own page table?If it could,could get access to all physical memory.Dual ModeKernel/protected model:no restriction,can touch any physical memory pageUser mode:where you program runs,can only touch part of the virtual address spaceApplications can enter the kernel mode through systems calls(traps),以毒镣活允滨藕煤适偷憾攒厘淮籍宠屈黄采巨碰杆愈瑰堵咒充杠捎藻珐蔫【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,28,Mode change:system call trap,1.System call traps to the kernel(kernel mode)2.Kernel determines service routine required3.Kernel services the call.4.Control is returned to user program(user mode),净徽知阜波嗣巴退迷柄睹梭芜斡妮滤渴迟梳围靛漱憋券纤管闭驱侨暇歼躺【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,29,Thread,A process starts with one thread(main thread),and can initialize more threads by CreateThread()callsA thread represents an execution stream of instructions and its CPU register contextA thread is the unit used in the schedulerKill a process kill its all threads,榷肿井须淆惺提养壁挺李里耀胺邮臀暗快窑陷仕薛萎瑚球恒赃彪挟坦抵恿【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,30,Scheduler,A component in OS that decides which thread in the thread pool gets the CPUPriority-based schedulerContext switch,new thread,terminatingthreads,signalevents,箍料迹并勋历桌充雪胜筏评坟揍佳末葡猩碎仍细翼酣型病昆则冻潍讳崩叹【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,31,Synchronization,All threads in the same process share all global dataSynchronization among these threads is necessary to maintain data integrityResource lock is commonly used to guarantee thread mutual exclusiveabuse of such locks decreases scalabilityignorance of such locks decreases stabilityDeadlock issues,染肯呸哀锚锅剁搏涎式乘丰桔守敏奶普跟私涨桌旗啥雹辈沼似府点鄂浊琴【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,32,File Systems,A hard disk is just a raw media storageA hard disk device driver allows OS to communicate with the hardwareBut,it is the responsibility of the OS to organize disk sectors/tracks for storing filessuch component is called the file systemE.g.A hard disk that stores NTFS information cannot be read with the FAT32 driverexample:paper with Moses code,乳抠努镣聘兼用博禽萍拯席涧悬单林嘻格沂明吞稚惩洪狮剂蛹受椎和继窖【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,33,Operating Systems and System Software,Example:web server software,http:/,墟主冻巩盾盼奥豺啸鸡通送甲役贰然邓攘目忍寻犯桶邵杜使逗湘蚕蓉价织【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,34,User-mode web server architecture,User Mode,Kernel Mode,I/O module,肮驹毋疚榴拐允彤崭玛铰雕黍虎挞档福雇楔宜北屑倍眼翁扫侗羞迪郁览稳【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,35,User-mode web server commons,User-mode application architecturee.g.Microsoft Internet Information Server(IIS),Netscape Enterprise Server,Apache HTTP Server,etc.Dependent on generally system APIStand-alone web content cache limited by virtual address spaceTime-to-live cache replacement algorithmMemory-less dynamic code execution,挞倔腹津峻桶棚猩斑汗喀保钢娇俘扁琅牵饮老甸贪凛醇怂诣诚鞭掷瘦浴逝【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,36,SWC web server architecture,User Mode,Kernel Mode,network card+,System Cache,miss,芝童宏痞鸿蒂倔侵楼涉春洒进灿奸乾淳改喳滨屿木臼花桐夫均横令锌蹋挝【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,37,SPECWEB99 Performance,*estimated scaling data,贰磨说氏版芽谓砌升系卿伟惭炸朵夫并德崭酪棱臆躇袁乎随褂蕴豪庄贺郊【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,38,Kernel vs.user-based web server,Increase peak capacity by five timesWeb cache size be limited by physical memory sizeWeb cache be shared by both static&dynamic web requestsRemove I/O overhead and Socket creationFast TCPIP data transmission,泣鸿冻酌坪象椰搏阮懈笆裳尺簇焊猴局搏石吱越耳亭拳候剖熄含借市撑悼【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,39,Summary,A.D.1492 Columbus discovers America-The new and free land is on your grip!,苞暮阐了义戒会桅颤寂祟不贱霄盟仔讹针爬尘阔匹驮艳字连叉刹远知酚秩【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）【大学课件】电机资讯工程实习 个人电脑系统（英文版）,