完形填空解题技巧 (2).ppt
,专,题,完形填空,七大实用解题技巧(一),考生如何应对完形填空？,属于中等和较难题，稳定情绪，尽力而为。注重首，尾句。克服畏难，急躁情绪，耐心通读全文。切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，必须纵观全文考虑。动笔时先易后难，注意从文中同样结构或是类似的结构和利用语境，并做大胆的推测。分析，生活常识，逻辑推理，固定搭配和语法知识。,技巧一：首句信息,完形填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。英语中首句通常是文章的主题句，把握了主旨句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。,例：(2012河南卷)A young man was interested in jade(玉）stones.So he went to Mr Smith,a gemologist(玉石家)，to learn from him.Mr Smith refused because he feared that the young man would not have the 36 to learn.The young man asked for a chance again and again.37 Mr Smith agreed and told him,Be here tomorrow.36.A.chance B.ability C.patient D.time 37.A.Slowly B.Silently C.Quickly D.Finally,例：(2012武汉卷)One afternoon,I went to pick up my mother from work.I got there a little early,so I 41 my car by a small park,and 42 for her.41.A.left B.stopped C.repaired D.drove 42.A.waited B.cared C.prepared D.looked,技巧二：暗示信息,完形填空主要考查学生对语境的理解。所以学生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有暗示。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。一般来说，完形填空的4个选项形式完全相同，如都是动词原形、副词、名词复数形式等。所以要注意他们之间在意义上和搭配上的细微差异，形义兼顾。同时，一定要把这些选项放到特定的语境里进行区分、判别，从而选出正确答案。,例：(2012河南卷)The next morning the young man came.Mr Smith put a jade stone in the young mans hand and told him to 38 it.He then went about his work.The young man sat quietly and waited.The following morning,Mr Smith again 39 a jade stone in the young mans hand and told him to hold it.38.A.cut B.hold C.touch D.watch 39.A.placed B.took C.gave D.sent,技巧三：逻辑关系,语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有：firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally等；表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有thus,therefore,so等；表示改变话题的语篇标志语有by the way等；表示递进关系的语篇标志语有besides,whats more,further等；表示时间关系的语篇标志语有before,so far,yet,meanwhile,later等；表示转折关系的有but,while,on the other hand,although等。在做完形填空时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。,例：(2012河北卷)These experiences taugh me a lot.Though I might have been lucky 54,I also need to put in hard work.As we know,pracitce makes perfect,so I believe success builds on less luck and chance.54.A.at last B.at most C.at first D.at least,技巧四：原词复现,完形填空试题中，某一词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。在阅读文章过程中，有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息合理地推测判断，选出正确答案。,例：(2012 攀枝花卷)Being a young people is one thing,and being a good one is another.A good youth should have these qualities(品质）：First of all,41 A healthy body is the best riches.Without it,nothing can be done well.41.A.health B.healthy C.kindness D.kind,专,题,完形填空,七大实用解题技巧(二),技巧五：背景常识,完形填空命题的基本形式是独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，但其中有时渗透着相关的如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读。,例：(2012黄冈卷)For example,most people would agree that talking loudly in library,a museum,or a movie theater is 51.Even if you are with your friends,it is better to keep your voice 52 in public places.51.A.polite B.rude C.impossible D.common 52.A.off B.small C.loud D.down,技巧六：注意习惯用语，熟记常见句型,主要是答题时通过分析词语习惯用法、固定短语等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效地判断推理，从而选出正确选项。因此，同学们平时要有意识地记忆一些常用的词语习惯用法、固定短语搭配，学会分析句子结构。这类题目要求我们不仅能够记忆这些词和词组，还要学会灵活使用，准确判断。常见句型的掌握也很重要。有些句型在经过反复使用刺激后，会形成一定的思维定式，这对确定题目答案很有帮助。,例:(2012河北卷)These experiences taugh me a lot.Though I might have been lucky at first,I also need to put in hard work.As we know,55 makes perfect,so I believe success builds on less luck and chance.55.A.chance B.pracitce C.difference D.experience,技巧七：巧用排除方法，缩小选择范围,解答完形填空题需要考生进行认真的阅读、理解、推理和判断，需要对4个选项进行仔细的辨别、分析，从而去伪存真。有时我们会遇到这样的情况，对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白，但发现其他选项有显而易见的谬误。这时，我们可以尝试着用排除法。所谓排除法就是将干扰项逐项检查、验证，发现错误的选项立即剔除。随着选择范围的缩小，选中正确选项的几率逐渐增大。排除法如果运用得好，可以大大节省时间和精力。,例：(2012安徽卷)Everybody uses umbrellas today.The next time you 60 one,thinking that for centuries only great men and women used them,youll feel you are important people,too.60.A.sell B.return C.borrow D.carry,27,完形填空的解题思路,总则：在把握整体的基础上对 句子内部的情况进行分析,跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意,再读全文，反复检查,结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破,
