高考英语语法复习专题 12定语从句重点知识归纳考点聚焦仿真演练.doc

一、that与which, who, whom的用法区别情 况用法说明例 句只用that的情况先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被the only, the very修饰时句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时He told me everything that he knows.All the books that you offered has been given out.This is the best film that I have ever read.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.He is the only man that I want to see.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情况在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.只用that，in which或不用关系词的情况the way做先行词时Mary, there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.I was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which二、as与which, that的用法区别从句区 别例 句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.the same. as和the same .thatthe same. as指同类事物the same .that 指原物Thats the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）Thats the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。（同一把工具）三、where、when与why引导的定语从句关系副词用 法例 句where关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。Were just trying to teach a point_both sides will sit down together and talk.A. where B. that C. when D. whichwhen关系副词 when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。There was _time _I hated to go to school.A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the ; whenwhy关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。Do you know the reason why she was put into prison ? 你知道她坐牢的原因吗？四、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句基本形式介词+which/ whom介词短语+ which。常见介词短语：as a result of, by means of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。He was educated at a local grammar school,_ he went on to Cambridge.A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this【解析】答案为C。“他”是上完了一个local grammar school之后，又上的Cambridge，故选after which，引导一个非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。扩展形式不定代词介词关系代词Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _wanted to buy it.A. none of them B. both of them 来源:学§科§网C. none of whom D. neither of whom来源:学科网【解析】答案为D。根据题意，两者都不想买。定语从句部分还原：neither of them wanted to buy it.the名词介词关系代词The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which【解析】答案为D。“watch”是物，故定语从句的引导词不可用“whom”，可排除A、B两项。由句意可知，空格处可填入“whose hands”或“the hands of which”表示所属关系。 数词介词关系代词The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that【解析】答案为A。“80% of which”指代的是“80% of the shoes”。the形容词比较级（最高级）介词关系代词There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 【解析】答案为D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings；B选项缺少一个连词。介词whose 名词Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what【解析】答案为B。from whose effects people=and people are still suffering from their effects。介词 which 名词Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time【解析】答案为A。先行词为一段时间，所以用“during which time”引导定语从句，表示“在此期间”。判断介词的方法方法一根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction _she had come.A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which【解析】答案为D。此题考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，根据句意用from which表示“所来的那个方向”，from the direction。方法二根据先行词而定There are two buildings , _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which【解析】答案为D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings ，which 在定语从句中指代 building，作介词of的宾语。方法三根据所要表达的意思来确定所要用的介词Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union.A. during which time B. for which timeC. during whose time D. by that time【解析】答案为A。由题意和所缺词前面的逗号可判定题干是含非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词是表示一个时间段的短语from1999 to 2003；句意：从1999年到2003年马克是这所大学的学生，在这（4年）期间他学习很用功并被选为学生会主席，所缺词的意思为“在这期间”，故选A项。五、定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。现 象例 句在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine等。辨别的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what【解析】答案为C。work是不及物动词，先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语，you know 在句中作插入语。He made another wonderful discovery ,_of importance to science .A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is【解析】答案为A。这里I think 是插入语，which 引导非限制性定语从句。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。【解析】乍一看，that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面，似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想，“不对啊，天空怎么能象太阳呢？”，原来that引导的定语从句被in the sky这个地点状语分隔开来，修饰中心词stars。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came toyour house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？【解析】when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace.实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰 years。Tenyears ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.（先行词为A new master）解题时要遵循下列原则：1.判别是不是定语从句；2.如果从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语，就要用关系代词来引导从句；3.如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来引导从句；4.判断先行词的确切含义，再确定选用关系词。Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _is a stupid thing to do in suchweather.A. this B. that C. what D. which【解析】答案为D。因为有逗号，所以不能选that，而选which，指代前面整个主句的内容。句意：Ted只穿着短裤和体恤衫就来度周末，这样的天气就穿这些简直做了件傻事。Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while【解析】答案为C。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语；which在从句中作主语或宾语；while是连词，不能用于定语从句。句意：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which【解析】答案为A。先分析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表时间，所以正确答案为A项。The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that【解析】答案为D。句意：这个老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定语从句中缺少主语指物，因此用 that 。The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that【解析】答案为D。句意：这个老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定语从句中缺少主语指物，因此用 that 。The Beatles, _many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B. that C. how D. as【解析】答案为D。as代替先行词the Beatles同时又在从句中作remember的宾语，as的功能同which，但as有“正如”的意思。_I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.A. When B. After C. As D. Since 【解析】答案为C。用“as”表示“正如我在电话里解释的那样”。These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which【解析】答案为B。as在定语从句中作expected的宾语。She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which【解析】答案为C。先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语。介词用of。选C。句意：博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间。Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 【解析】答案为C。考查介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthat we may return to in the near future.Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which【解析】答案为C。先行词是Gun control, 指物, 关系词在从句中做介词的宾语, 介词前置, 介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth, 选C项。句意：枪支管理是美国人长期争论的一个话题。The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where【解析】答案为B。句意：学校商店的顾客主要是学生，。空前有逗号，且从句中缺定语，所以用whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the school shop，故答案为B项。The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose【解析】答案为D。先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D项。其余选项与题意不符。The newly built café, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.A. that B. it C. what D. which 【解析】答案为D。=whose walls=of which the walls表示“咖啡屋的墙”。Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who B. which C. why D. when【解析】答案为D。先行词是occasions所以引导词通常用when或where，但是此句话中很明显是说“我能跟孩子待上一整天的时候很少”，所以用when，为分隔式定语从句。The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago.A. when B. which C. that D. where【解析】答案为D。本句为分隔式定语从句。定语从句的先行词为the village，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。What surprised me was not what he said but _he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 【解析】答案为A。the way作先行词，引导定语从句的关系词通常可以省略，还可用that，in which引导。Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 【解析】答案为D。先行词是situation, 指物, 亦可指地点, 关系词在从句中做地点状语, 用关系副词where, 选D项。把孩子放在他们能够另眼看自己的环境里是有益的。Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A. where B. when C. who D. which【解析】答案为A。先行词是前面的cases，空白处在从句中作状语，应用where引导指抽象的地点，意为“在这些案例中”。整个句子可分解为：Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers. In these cases consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.A. that B. what C. which D. where【解析】答案为D。整个句子可分解为：After graduation she reached a point in her career; At the point she needed to decide what to do. 本句中缺少一个状语，所以选用关系副词where来引导，相当于at which。It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A. thatB. whenC. sinceD. before【解析】答案为B。去掉It was及that后，April 29，不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April 29。句意：2001年4月29日，威廉王子与凯特·米德尔顿步入了婚姻的殿堂。1.The Great Wall is the place _ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing. A. whyB. which C. when D. where【答案与解析】B 先行词place 在从句中作谓语动词visit的宾语，所以要用关系代词which。如果不注意分析句子的结构，就会受思维定势的干扰而误选D。2.The Great Wall is the place _ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing. A. whyB. which C. when D. where【答案与解析】B 先行词place在从句中作谓语动词visit的宾语，所以要用关系代词which。如果不注意分析句子的结构，就会受思维定势的干扰而误选D。3.American Thanksgiving Day, _ falls on Nov. 24 this year, takes on an entirely different look in China.A. that B. when C. which D. what【答案与解析】 代替先行词Thanksgiving Day，在从句中作主语，引导一个定语从句，所以用which。4.Do you know the wasteland they used to play has been transformed into a theme park?A. that B. which C. there D. where【答案与解析】 代替表示地点的先行词the wasteland，在从句中做地点状语，从句相当于they used to play on。5.The city was attacked by _ terrible weather _few citizens had ever experienced before. A. so, as B. so, that C. such, that D. such, as【答案与解析】D 第一空，空后接的是”形容词+不可数名词”，因此使用such；第二空，experienced后缺少宾语，所以用as引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语。注意在suchthat结构中，that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分。6.In our city there are several big public parks _many people can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery. A. in which B. at which C. from which D. to which【答案与解析】D 句意：在我们的城市里有几个大的公园，许多人去那里欣赏美景。先行词是several big public parks，短语go to the parks的介词to 提前，故用介词+which的用法。7.There are species living in the depths of the oceans _ we still know little.A. for which B. in which C. of what D. of which【答案与解析】D 代替指物的先行词species，在介词of 后作宾语，所以用冠词代词which，这里表达的是我们对于这些物种一无所知，即know little of，所以选D。8.A good advertisement often uses words _ people attach positive meanings.A. that B. which C. with which D. to which【答案与解析】D 根据attach的搭配确定介词用to，代词指物的先行词words，作介词to的宾语用which。9.The companions with_ my brother associates are friendly and warm-hearted. A. whom B. which C. that D. them【答案与解析】A 句意：我弟弟交的伙伴很友好还是热心肠。先行词是the companions，associate with“与交往”，介词with提到了前面，故用介词+whom的用法。10.Steven P. Jobs, death was announced on Wednesday, led a cultural transformation in the way music, movies and mobile communications were experienced in the digital age. A. of whom B. which C. whose D. of which 【答案与解析】C 在从定语从句中作定语修饰death，代替指人的先行词，所以用关系代词whose，相当于the death of whom。11.The project is based on an agreement, one of _ purposes is to ensure that the project can be accomplished before the deadline.A. whose      B. which C. its         D. what【答案与解析】A 代替指物的先行词，在从句中作定语修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose。12. Tony showed me his new cell phone, _ was small but it could change colors in different weather. A. the screen of whom B. whom the screen of C. which the screen of D. the screen of which 【答案与解析】D从四个选项的设置不难看出是考察介词加关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。再从先行词watch可看出是指物，