高考英语语法复习专题 04介词和介词短语 重点知识归纳考点聚焦仿真演练.doc

介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-（在前部）+position（位置）”构成的，所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词，主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词（或动名词短语）、名词性从句等。分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。合成介词由两个介词构成合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering(就而论), including，regarding，concerning等。兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语的功能例 句作定语They didnt find the solution to the problem.作状语We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.作宾语补足语I found the old building in a bad condition.介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。1.表示相似概念的介词短语介词短语区 别例 子in the endat the end ofby the end ofin the end作“最后”、“终于”解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。In the end they reached a place of safety.At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.By the end of last month he had finished the novel.in the corner on the corner at the cornerin the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。The lamp stands in the corner of the room.I met with him at the street corner.He sat on the corner of the table.2.表进行概念、表被动的关系的介词短语构成例 子at+名词at dinner/table在吃饭 at work在工作 at war交战 at cards 在玩牌   at work 在办公 at play  在玩耍      at rest在休息      at school在上学       at press正在排印at church在做礼拜beyond+名词beyond belief难以置信   beyond control不听管教。 beyond compare无可比拟 beyond description难以形容beyond expression无法表达 beyond suspicion无可怀疑in+名词或in +名词+of+名词in the army在当兵 in need of需要 in action在运转in progress在进行 in operation在运行中 in use 开始使用 in sight看得见 in store贮藏着 in course of construction正在兴建当中。 in (good) repair维修良好的 in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。 in charge of 负责                               in the charge of 由负责 in possession of 拥有                          in the possession of 被拥有on+名词on business办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave在休假on watch值班 on duty值勤/日。on guard在值勤 on strike在罢工on sale出售 on loan借贷on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开 on the march在行军on the air在广播 on fire在燃烧。on trial在试用 on show/display/ exhibition在展出under+名词under control在控制之中 under discussion在讨论underdevelopment在发展中 under observation在观察中under test在被测试 under construction在建设中under fire在炮火中        under examination在检查/调查中under consideration在考虑中 under repair在修理中under arrest被逮捕 under attack受到袭击under medical treatment在治疗中 under study在研究中其他against ones opinion反对某人的见解 for ones opinion同意某人的见解above reproach无可指责，无可非议 above suspicion不受怀疑above criticism无可指责 at the mercy of在支配下；任由摆布for sale供出售 for rent供出租 within sight看得见3.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别常见形容词搭配意义absent(be) absent from来源:Z&xx&k.Com缺席来源:Z_xx_k.Com来源:Z.xx.k.Com来源:学科网来源:学科网ZXXK(be) absent in不在这里而在afraid(be) afraid of担心，害怕(be) afraid for为而担心angry(be) angry with sb.对某人生气(be) angry at/about sth.因某事而生气anxious(be)anxious for sth急于想得到(be)anxious about sth./sb.对某事/某人担心different(be) different from与不同(be) different to不关心familiar(be) familiar with精通，熟悉(be) familiar to为熟知（悉）good(be) good at擅长于(be) good for对有益(be) good to对友好/态度好popular(be) popular with sb.受欢迎(be) popular for因而流行strict(be) strict with sb.对某人要求严格(be) strict in sth.对某事要求严格4.容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组类 型举 例差一冠词，大相径庭in front of（在前面)in the front of（在前部） in charge of（负责）in the charge of（由负责）out of question（毫无疑问）out of the question（不可能） at table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）at the table（在桌子旁边）有无介词，意义不同know sb.认识某人know about sb.了解某人 shoot sb.击中某人shoot at sb.向某人射击search sb.搜身search for sb.搜寻某人 believe sb.相信某人的话believe in sb.信任某人的人格benefit sb.使某人受益benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处画蛇添足，误加介词serve the people为人民服务（容易在serve后加for） enter the room进入房间（容易在enter后加into）follow me跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind） marry sb.与某人结婚（容易在marry后加with）go abroad出国（容易在go后面加to） live upstairs住在楼上（容易在live后面加 in）母语思维，误用介词be caught in the rain被雨淋着（不用by） leave for some place动身去某地（不用to）set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for） in the direction朝着方向（不用to）do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙（不用to） different from和不同（不用with）with the help of在的帮助下（不用under） steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西（不用of）read sth. to sb.给（为）读（念）（不用for） 1.Everybody was touched _ words after they heard her moving story. A. beyond B. without C. of D. in 【解析】答案为A 。beyond words表示“在言语之外”，即不能用言语来表达，也就是“无法形容”了。句意是“听到她的感人故事之后，他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。2.Try on this red skirt; you will look great it.A. on B. by C. in D. for 【解析】答案为C。 Sth. be on sb. “衣服穿在某人身上”；sb. be in sth“某人穿着什么衣服”。由此可知答案为C。 3.How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space! Its a challenge, I guess, man against nature. A. of B. for C. by D. about 【解析】答案为A。应答句中的I guess是插入语，因此所填介词与challenge连用，表所属，用of，选A。4.He invited me to a dance after the show Christmas Eve. A. at B. on C. in D. by 【解析】答案为B。此处介词位于具体节日（日期）前，用on。5.The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, _ little foreign ownership.A. by B. of C. with D. from【解析】答案为C。句意：这个地区的白酒业以一种特殊的方式在发展着，具有很少的外国所有权。with：具有，带有，表伴随。6.Children need friends their own age to play with.A of B for C in D at【解析】答案为A。考查名词的双重所有格。friends of their own age意思是“跟他们自己年龄相同的朋友”，选A项符合句意。其他选项不能构成所有关系。7.It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _ easy reach. A. near B. upon C. within D. around 【解析】答案为C。句意：厨房中把常用的物品放在够得着的地方能节省时间。within easy reach在容易达到的地方；在的附近。8.A great person is always putting others interests _ his own.A. below B. above C. in D. on【解析】答案为B。put others interests above ones own意思是把别人的利益放在自己的利益之上。9.Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems themselves, and solve their problems _ themselves. A. to; by B. by; to C. for; to D. in; on 【解析】答案为A。句意：大多数美国人宁愿让他们面对自己的问题并自己解决他们的问题。by oneself表示“单独地，独自地”的意思。10.Jenny nearly missed the flight _ doing too much shopping. A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of【解析】答案为A。as a result of意为“由于的结果”。11.The art show was _ being a failure; it was a great success. A. far from B. along with C. next to D. regardless of【解析】答案为A。句意：艺术表演远非是失败的；它是一个巨大的成功。far from意为“远离(远远不)”；along with意为“与一道(又)，连同一起, 随同一起，沿顺着”；next to意为“次于(紧跟在之后的)”；regardless of意为“不顾，不惜”。由句意可知选A。12.This special school accepts all disabled students, _ educational level and background.A. according to B. regardless of C. in addition to D. in terms of【解析】答案为B。according to意为“根据”；regardless of意为“不管，不顾”；in addition to意为“另外”；in terms of意为“就而言”。句意：这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生，不管他们的教育水平和背景如何。13.Youd sound a lot more polite if you make a request _ a question. A. in search of B. in the form of C. in need of D. in the direction of 【解析】答案为B。以问题方式向对方提出请求显得更有礼貌。in the form of意为“以方式”符合句意。in search of意为“寻找”；in need of意为“需要”；in the direction of意为“朝方向”。 句意：如果你以问题的形式提出要求，那么会显得更有礼貌。14.His efforts to raise money for his program were _ because, no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. A. in place B. in sight C. in effect D. in vain 【解析】答案为D。根据下文no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets可知为集资做出的努力都白费了，应选择in vain。in place“和平地”，in sight“在视程内”，in effect“实际上”。 2010年1.Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are everyone's enjoyment. A. in B. at C. for D. to【解析】答案为C。for enjoyment为了寻求乐趣。例如：We work in the garden for enjoyment.我们为寻求乐趣而在园子里劳作。2.It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _favors to them.A. in preference to B . in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for【解析】答案为D。in preference to （优先于）； in exchange for （交换）；in place of (代替)； in agreement with （同意，与一致）。句意：政府官员为某人提供便利或帮助，以换取礼物或金钱，这种行为是非法的。3.So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is _ideal. We have to work still harder.A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to【解析】答案为B。“到目前为止我们为打造低碳经济已经做了很多努力，但是这远远不够。我们还要继续努力。”题目中的“ideal”是指“完美的，理想的”，“far from ideal” “离完美还很远，远远不够”，“far from” 一般加名词或者形容词，表示“离很远，或者达不到状态”。 “next to” “靠近”，意义相反。 “out of” “出于”，相当于“with”；“due to”后面一般跟名词，解释为“由于”，相当于”“because of”。4.We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and , dogs give us their all.A. in all B. in fact C. in shortD. in return【解析】答案为D。in return作为回报；作为回应；回答。in all 共计 in fact实际上 in short 简而言之。句意：我们挤出时间，腾出空间，割舍我们的爱给狗，而狗以其全部回报我们。 5.Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients name, not case number.A. of B. as C. byD. with【解析】答案为C。by以的方式。句意：现在有些医院以名字来称呼病人，而不是以病号来称呼。6.My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowed with tourists.A. by B. on C. for D. against【解析】答案为D。句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配，构成warn sb. against doing sth. 相当于warn sb. not to do sth，意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。 句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。7.The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money me.A. by B. for C. in D. with【解析】答案为D。I dont have enough money with me 意思是“我没有随身带那么多钱”。8.More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities space.A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of 【解析】答案为C。in search of意为“寻找”；in place of意为“代替”；for lack of意为“因缺乏”；for fear of意为“生怕，以免”。句意：因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在许多大城市建了起来。9. I agree to his suggestion _the condition that he drops all charges.A. by B. in C. on D. to 【解析】答案为C。介词on 和the condition that一起相当一个连词，引导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以为条件”。 句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有指控。10.Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree.A. in B. below C. beside D. against【解析】答案为D。against此处意为“倚着，靠着”；below“在下方”；beside“在旁边”；in“在里面（时间）之后”。句意：累了，吉姆背倚着一棵大树，很快就睡着了。11.I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just _. A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance【解析】答案为C。分析四个选项的意思：by nature 天生地；in return作为回报，作为交换；in case 万一，以防；by chance偶然地。句意：我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事，但是以防万一，我再问你一次。12.Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A. between B. along C. below D. with【解析】答案为B。根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该选B。2011年1.This shop will be closed for repairs _further notice. A. with B. until C. for D. at【解析】答案为B。主句中be closed是延续性动词， until在肯定句中表示谓语动作延续到表示的时间为止。句意：商店将停业修缮，直到开业再作通知。2.With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken_ color. A. byB. for C. with D. in【解析】答案为D。 in color有颜色即彩色的，固定搭配。句意：采用新技术，水下峡谷的照片可以拍成彩色的。3.Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ the tough years.A. through B. up C. with D. from【解析】答案为A。through the tough years，表示经历/度过了艰苦的岁月。句意：毕业的时候是你感谢那些曾经帮助你度过那些艰苦岁月的人们的好机会。4.When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of【解析】答案为C。根据句中的step aside “让位”可知老师们的观点更倾向于年轻的人来担任校长这一职位。本句意思是：当被问及对校长的看法时，很多老师更希望看到校长让位而支持比他更年轻的人。in terms of 就而言；in need of 需要；in favor of支持，赞成；in praise of歌颂；赞美。5.Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks.A. beyond B. with C. among D. over【解析】答案为D。通过前半句“Ive been very busy”现在完成时，可知搭配用的时间状语为“在过去的两周里”，固定搭配用介词“over the past couple of weeks=in the past couple of weeks”。句意：对不起，我没给你打电话，因为在过去的两周里我一直很忙。6.Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek_ food safety problem.A. in B. to C. on D. after【解析】答案为B。本题考查名词后的介词的固定搭配。此句中主语为answers，意为“解决办法”，作此意时后跟介词to或towards，故选B项。句意：有时不容易找到解决食品安全问题的适宜的办法。7.I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _.A. onB. for C. by D. of【解析】答案为B。train做动词意为“训练”，句意是“我总是想做我一直受训的工作”。后面的定语从句说明是什么样的工作，应该是“我一直以来（完成时）为此（for）被训练（被动式）的”，介词for表目的。8.Nick, its good for you to read some books _China before you start your trip there. A. in B. for C. of D. on【解析】答案为D。on有“关于；论述”之意，故选D。句意：尼克，你在去中国旅行前要读一些有关中国的书籍是有好处的。9.He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.A. below B. of C. on D. above【解析】答案为D。below average在平均分以下；of不与average搭配；on average平均；above average在平均分以上。根据句意可确定选项。句意：他是个好学生，大多数科目都在平均分以上。10.Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read_ the library.A. in B. for C. by D. from【解析】答案为D。 in 意为“在里面”；by意为“在旁边”；for 意为“为了”；from意为“从”，符合语境。句意：雪莉，一个真正爱读书的人，总是从图书馆带很多书回家去读。11.Wed better discuss everything _before we work out the plan.A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time【解析】答案为A。 in detail意为“详细地，详尽地”；in general意为“大体上，总体上”；on purpose意为“故意地”；on time意为“准时”。根据句意。应该是“我们最好在制定计划前详细地讨论所有问题。”12._ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.A. Far from B. Apart from C. Instead of D. Regardless of 【解析】答案为B。 far from意为“离远，远非”；apart from意为“除之外”；instead of意为“代替，而不是”；regardless of意为“不管，不顾”。句意：除了良好的服务以外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统福建美食。1.Please fetch the bunch