高三英语第一轮复习讲义 冠词.doc

1：冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。一、不定冠词的用法1.指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。3.表示 “每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4.表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isn't_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）6.用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7.用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8.用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)a success(具体化) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。二、定冠词的用法1.表示某一类人或物In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4.用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10.在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s(二十世纪九十年代)11.用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12.用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.13.与比较级和最高级连用比较级+ and +比较级表示“越来越”The harder he works, the happier he feels.表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。Who is the older of the tow boys?三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.三、零冠词（即不用冠词）的情况1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2.名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3.季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4.表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess.6.与by连用表示交通方式的名词前We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent. A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填D. 不填；不填7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8.表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.四、冠词的位置冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词放在形容词之前。下列情况例外：1.不定冠词用于下列副词加形容词之后：as, how, however, so, too等。如：He is as good a soldier as he was.他和以前一样是个好士兵。2.不定冠词置于such, what, many, not, too,much of等之后。如：Many a little pickle makes a nickel.积少成多。3.定冠词通常放在all, both, double, exactly, just等词之后。如：I offered him double the amount，but he still refused.4.不定冠词常用于quite和rather之后，但如果另有形容词修饰时，不定冠词既可放在第二位，也可放在第一位，但最常见的仍是第二位。如：She is quite a woman.她真是个女人。It was quite/rather a cold day.很冷的一天(同 It was a quite/rather cold day.)5.当名词前的比较级被no，all，far，much等修饰时，也要后置。如：He is no less a man than the President.6.定冠词要放在half, twice, much等之后。如：He paid twice the price for it. 他花了两倍的钱买了它。7.如果名词被副词hardly，scarcely，barely，exactly所修饰，或和一个形容词共同修饰时，冠词要放在上述副词之后、形容词之前。如：This is hardly a right thing to do. 这几乎是不能做的事。 考点1 考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法How about taking_short break? I want to make_call.A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a 【解析】 答案为D。take a short break“休息一会儿”， make a call“打一个电话”。 Christmas is_special holiday when_whole family are supposed to get together. A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the 【解析】 答案为D。a special holiday指“某一个特别的节日”；the whole family为特指。 考点2 考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法I looked under_bed and found books I lost last week. A. the; a B. the；the C. 不填；the D. the; 不填 【解析】 答案为B。此题中的the bed和the books都为特指。the bed 指“所看的床”；the books指“所丢的书”。 I like_color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 【解析】 答案为C。 the color指“你衬衫的颜色”；a good match泛指“和你的外套相配的一种好颜色”。 考点3 考查不定冠词及零冠词的习惯搭配George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church. A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a 【解析】 答案为C。a Sunday泛指某一个星期天；at church为固定搭配，不用冠词，意为“在做礼拜”。 Many people have come to realize that they should go on_balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise. A. a; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a 【解析】 答案为A。a balanced diet泛指“一种平衡的饮食”；make room为固定搭配，意为“腾出空间”。 考点4 考查不定冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法How about _Christmas evening party? I should say it was _success. A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填 考点5 考查在名词前用不用冠词意义的不同We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent. A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D.不填;不填【解析】答案为B。 by sea意为“经海路”；by the sea意为“在海边”；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常要加定冠词。类似的词组：by day在白天 by the day按天计算in case of以防 in the case of就来说in charge of负责，管理 in the charge of由负责in office执政 in the office在办公室in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在看来go to sea去当水手 go to the sea到海边去out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能take advice征求意见 take the advice听从劝告be of age成年 be of all age同龄go to church去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱特别提示：当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed.他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。 高中英语语法强化训练(冠词)( ) 1._recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher than the number of English speaker by_ year 2090.A. A, the B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a( ) 2.If you go by _train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _fast one. A. /, / B./, a C. the, a D./,/ ( ) 3. It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life. A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a( ) 4.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _city ,I only remember it was _ Monday.。A. the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a( ) 5.If you grow up in _large family ,youare more likely to develop _ability to get on well with _others .A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the ( ) 6.Mrs ,Taylor has _8-year-old daughter who has _gift for painting she has won two national prizes.A. a, a B. an ,the C. an ,a D. th( )7.Afetr dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ride to _Capital Airport. A .the, a B. a the C. /, a D. /, the ( )8.On May 5,2005,at _World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao won the gold medal in mens with _score of 4:1. A. a ,a B. / the C. a ,/ D. the ,a ( )9.I knew _John Lennon ,but not _famous one. A. /,a B. a ,the C. /,the D. the, a ( )10.The book tells _life story of John Smith ,who left _school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. A. the, the B. a , the C. the./ D. a,/ ( )11.When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _hotel ; I can find you _bed in my flat.A. the ,a B. the,/ C. a ,the D. a,/( )12.If you buy more than ten, they will knock20pence off_. A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices ( )13._on-going division between English speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _major concern of the country.A. The ,/ B. The ,a C. An ,the D. An,/( )14.When he left _college ,he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office . A. /, a B/, the C .a the D .the, the( )15The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial Revolution. A. /,/ B. the,/ C. the , the D. a ,the( )16.While he was investigating ways t improve the telescope Newton made _discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of color.A. a ,/ B. a ,the C. /, the D. the ,a( )17.It is _world of wonders, _world where anything can happen. A. a. the B. a, a C. the, a D. /,/( )18.The Wilsons live in _A-shaped house near the coast . It is _17th century cottage.A. the, / B. an, the C. /, the D. an ,a( )19.Tom owns _larger collection of _books than any other student in our class.A. the ,/ B. a,/ C. a ,the D. /, the( )20.For a long time they walked without saying _word .Jim was the first t break _silence. A. the, a B. a ,the C. a ,/ D. the,/练习题： A组 2012年全国高考题组1.【2012浙江卷】.The development of industry has been_ gradual process throughout _ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A. 不填, theB. the; aC. a; 不填D. a; a1.【答案】C【解析】第一空process是可数名词，第一次出现一般用不定冠词，且此次表示“一个”的概念；第二空existence是不可数名词，其此处表示抽象概念，故用零冠词。2.【2012全国II】He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /【答案】C 【解析】此句的第一空特指“跳高中的金牌”，故用定冠词the；第二空意为：再得到一次机会，泛指“一次机会”。句意：他在跳高中失去了金牌，但他在跳远中将得到一次机会。3. 【2012安徽卷 21】. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the 【答案】A【解析】本题考查冠词，science是不可数名词，用the表示特指是不可能的，后面的factory是一个可数名词，用a 表示泛指。4.【2012辽宁卷 21 】. I woke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone. A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an【答案】C【解析】第一空表示泛指；第二空为固定用法，用定冠词the，故选C项5.【2012山东卷】29. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a 【答案】B【解析】此处考查抽象名词具体化。第一空中的a drink意为：一杯饮料；第二空中的a comfort意为：一件令人安慰的事。句意：在那些艰难的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料是一种莫大的安慰。6.【2012重庆卷24】.Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George. A. /,/ B. the,/ C the the D./, the6. 【答案】D【解析】句意：Sam被任命为工程部经理取代了George。表示官衔职务的名词作补语和同位语时，前不加冠词。在题干中，“manager”表示职务，作主语补足语，不需要加冠词，而第二个空白处为固定短语“take the place of”，是“代替，取代”之意。因此，正确答案为D选项。【知识拓展】不使用冠词的情况：在节日名称、星期、月份、季节前；一日三餐、球类棋类等运动的名称前；系动词turn（变成）后的单数名词作表语用零冠词；人名、地名、机构等专有名词前；与by连用表示交通方式的名词前；以and连接的两个相对的名词连用时；名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any 等词作定语；复数名词表示一类人或事物时；在某些7.【2012江西卷 21】The Smiths dont usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A/; aBthe; theC/; theDthe; a7.答案：C考点：考察冠词解析：hotel为复数，前不会用定冠词the来修饰；江，河，湖，海前要加定冠词8. 【2012全国新课程22. 】Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; aB组 2008-2011年全国高考题组1. 【2011浙江卷,2】Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picsso. A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a【答案】D【考点】考查冠词在语境中的用法。【解析】句意为“专家认为，最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”the painting特指最近发现的油画；a Picsso意为a Picssos painting，指毕加索的一件作品，有one的含义。因此选D。2. （2011全国卷,33）It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填【答案】A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为“人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会做一个男子汉，能挺身而出，勇于战斗。”a boy和 a man都是泛指，表示一类人。单数可数名词泛指应在名词前加不定冠词a。因此选A。3.（2011全国卷II,16）As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a【答案】D【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。【解析】句意为“当Jack走到前门时，看到了一个奇怪的景象。”the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门，a strange sight是泛指，相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选D。3.（2011山东卷,21）Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_restaurant.A.不填；theB. a; theC. the; aD.不填；a【答案】B【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。【解析】句意为“别急从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。”a short distance短距离，是固定搭配的短语；the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆，故用the特指。选B。4.【2011四川卷,18】Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A. 不填；A B.不填；The C.the; The D.a; A【答案】A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为“校长Peter Spence告诉我们说，我校的五分5.（10浙江）Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.A. a; / B. /; the C. a; theD. /; /【答案】B【考点】本题考查冠词。【解析】句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害, 他们加速了人类身体的衰退。本题考查冠词, 对有害用短语 “do harm to”表示, 中间无需冠词；之后的weakening是由动词的ing形式表示抽象的名词, 表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。6.(10山东)f we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the【答案】C【考点】本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。【解析】句意应为 “如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部, 就会有更好的视野”表示 “某空间内部的前部”时, front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配, 表示 “视野开阔, 视野良好”之意；所以C项符合语境。7.(10江苏)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A.不填； a B. 不填；the C. the； a D. the； the【答案】A.【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一空,来自社会各阶层的人. 是不特指,不用冠词. 第二空, 在Jiangsu 前有形容词new 因此,应加冠词a.表示一个全新的江苏8.(09浙江)I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the【答案】D【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】前空构成短语get a+adj+idea of sth, 泛指一种大体的想法, 后空指双方都知道的那个project计划。9.(09四川)In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language.A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作, 他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一, 再一。 10.(08浙江)_ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填【答案】A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一个空指一个苹果, 是泛指；第二个空考查hit sb. in/on the+部位, 表示 “击打某人的某个部位”。11.(08山东)Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A. 不填；a B. 不填; theC. the; theD. the; a【答案】D【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】the Internet因特网, 为固定搭配；as a resource “作为一种资源”, 此处用a表示泛指。12.(08江西)- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为：开会来晚了我非常抱歉。这不是你的错, 这正是上下班的高峰期而且又下了大雨, 难怪你来晚了。第一个空特指高峰时间拥挤的交通；第二个空特指双方所指的大雨。课前练习答案ABBDB CBDBC ACBAC 我的大学爱情观目录：一、 大学概念二、 分析爱情健康