英语时态、语态、从句一览.doc

英语时态、语态和从句一览一、 英语中的时态英语中共有十六种时态。I 一般现在时 （注意第三人称单数时动词的变化）e.g. Jack does his homework every day. 杰克每天做作业。II 一般过去时 （注意动词过去式的变化，尤其是不规则变化）e.g. Jack did homework yesterday. 杰克昨天做了家庭作业。III 一般将来时 will/be going to +V原形e.g. Jack will do his homework tomorrow. / Jack is going to do his homework tomorrow. 杰克明天要做作业。IV 一般过去将来时 would + V原形e.g. Jack said he would do his homework tomorrow. 杰克（过去）说他明天要做家庭作业。V 现在完成时 have/has + V过去分词e.g. Jack has done his homework. 杰克已经做完家庭作业了。VI 过去完成时 had + V过去分词e.g. Jack had done his homework yesterday. 杰克昨天就已经做完家庭作业了。VII 将来完成时 will have + V过去分词e.g. Jack will have done his homework by the end of next week. 杰克会在下周末之前做完家庭作业的。VIII 过去将来完成时 would have + V过去分词e.g. Jack said he would have done his homework by the end of next week. 杰克（过去）说他会在下周之前做完家庭作业的。IX 现在进行时 Be + Vinge.g. Jack is doing his homework now. 杰克正在做作业。X 过去进行时 was/were + Vinge.g. Jack was doing his homework yesterday morning. 杰克昨天上午正在做家庭作业。XI将来进行时 will be + Vinge.g. Jack will be doing his homework this time tomorrow. 杰克明天这个时候会在做家庭作业。XII 过去将来进行时 would be + Vinge.g. Jack told me he would be doing his homework this time tomorrow. 杰克（过去）告诉我他明天这个时候会在做家庭作业。XIII 现在完成进行时 have/has been + Vinge.g. Jack has been doing his homework all this morning. 杰克做了一上午作业。（动作可能继续持续下去）XIV 过去完成进行时 had been + Vinge.g. Jack had been doing his homework all day. 杰克做了一天作业。XV 将来完成进行时 will have been + Vinge.g. Jack will have been doing his homework for 9 days by the end of this week. 到这周末为止，杰克将做了9天作业了。XVI 过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing + Vinge.g. Jack said that by the end of this week, he would have been doing his homework for 9 days. 杰克（过去）说到这周末为止，他将做了9天作业了。二、 英语中的语态英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。I 主动语态（主语是动作的执行者）e.g. Jack does homework every day. 杰克每天做家庭作业。II 被动语态（主语是动作的承受者） Be + V过去分词被动语态可以用于各种时态，但较常用的有下列十种。1）一般现在时 Be + V过去分词e.g. The homework is done by Jack.2) 一般过去时 was/were + V过去分词e.g. The homework was done by Jack.3) 一般将来时 will be + V过去分词e.g. The homework will be done by Jack.4) 一般过去将来时 would be + V过去分词e.g. The homework would be done by Jack.5) 现在完成时 have/has been + V过去分词e.g. The homework has been done by Jack.6) 过去完成时 had been + V过去分词e.g. The homework had been done by Jack.7) 将来完成时 will have been + V过去分词e.g. The homework will have been done by Jack.8) 过去将来完成时 would have been + V过去分词e.g. The homework would have been done by Jack.9) 现在进行时 Be + being + V过去分词e.g. The homework is being done by Jack.10) 过去进行时 was/were + being + V过去分词e.g. The homework was being done by Jack.三、 英语从句英语中共有约六种从句。I 主语从句（在句中充当主语成分）e.g. What she did is not known yet. 她干了什么目前还不太清楚。II 表语从句（在句中充当表语成分）e.g. The question is how he did it. 问题是他怎么做的。III 宾语从句（在句中充当宾语成分）e.g. He told us that he felt ill. 他告诉我们他生病了。 I want to see where you live. 我想看看你住的地方。IV 定语从句（在句中充当定语成分）e.g. The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是约翰。V 同位语从句（在句中充当同位语成分）e.g. They were all very worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。VI 状语从句（在句中充当状语成分）状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、程度状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句九种。1） 时间状语从句 （可由 when, after, before, since, while, as soon as, till, until 等引导）e.g. When he was having his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring. 当他正用早餐时，听到门铃响了。2） 地点状语从句（可由where, wherever等引导）e.g. You can go where you want to go. 你可以去你想去的地方。3） 原因状语从句（可由because, as, since等引导）e.g. Lily was worried because she hadnt had any letter from Ken. 莉莉很着急，因为她一直未收到肯的信。4） 结果状语从句（可由that, so等引导）e.g. She sat behind me so I couldnt see her. 她坐在我身后，所以我看不见她。5） 程度状语从句（可由such that, to the degree that, in so far as等引导）e.g. At that time the actress was not known to the degree she is today. 那时这个女演员还不像现在这样出名。6） 目的状语从句（可由so that, in order that等引导）e.g. I gave him $500 in order that he might go for a holiday. 我给了他500美元，让他去度假。7） 条件状语从句（可由if, suppose, providing, given等引导）e.g. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the country. 如果明天天晴，我们就到乡下去。8） 让步状语从句（可由though, if ,even if, in spite of the fact that等引导）e.g. Though it was only nine oclock, there were few people in the street. 虽然时间才九点钟，可街上已没什么人了。9） 方式状语从句（可由as, as if, as though, how等引导）e.g. You should write as he does. 他应该像他那样写。