初中英语词性变化归纳.doc

初中英语词型转换归纳一、 动词的变形：1.变名词： （1）+ mentachieve-achievement 成就advertise- advertisement/ advertising 广告(dis)agree-(dis)agreement （不）同意 apart- apartment 公寓 amuse- amusement 娱乐 argue-argument 争吵 commitcommitment 奉献 develop - development 发展 depart- department 局部equip -equipment 装备，器材  governgovernment 政府manage-management 经营 管理compliment 称赞，恭维（2）+ tion/sionact-action 行为attractattraction 有吸引力的事或人competecompetition 竞争，比赛educate-education 教育describedescription 描写，描绘 graduategraduation 毕业operateoperation 手术organize-organization 组织instructinstruction  指导， 介绍inventinvention (物)/inventor（人）发明inviteinvitation 邀请     pollute-pollution 污染predict-prediction 预言pronounce -pronunciation 发音 resolve -resolution 决心 suggest -suggestion     建议solve -solution 解决方法collect-collection 收藏concludeconclusion 结论permit -permission 允许decide-decision 决定express -expression 词语；表达方式discussdiscussion 讨论inspire-inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的（3）+ ance   appearappearance 外貌 ，出现   perform-performance 演出   enter-entrance （4）+ ing   bathe -bathing 洗澡  end -ending 结尾，结局  train -training 培训  mean - meaning 意义  say-saying 谚语  build- building 建筑物light-lighting 灯光find-finding 发现   meet-meeting 会议（5）+er/orfarm-farmer 农民teach-teacher 老师work-worker 工人report-reporter 记者manage- manager 经理drive- driver 司机write- writer 作家wait-waiter 服务员（男waitress(女)win-winner 获胜者run-runner 跑步者act-actor 演员（男）invent-inventor 发明家visit-visitor 参观者collect-collector 收藏家 (6)+uremix -mixture 混合物  presspressure 压力please- (with) pleasure 高兴fail-failure 失败(7)其他（动词-名词）   behave -behavior 行为，举止   know -knowledge 知识   flyflight 飞行   sit-seat 座位   succeedsuccess 成功   tour- tourist 游客   die-death 死weigh-weight 重量act-activity 活动enter-entrance 入口2.变形容词:(1) +ing (指物) / ed（指人）surprise-surprising/surprised 吃惊的tire-tiring/tired 疲惫的bore-boring/bored 无聊的excite-exciting/excited 兴奋的interest- interesting/ interested 有趣的relax- relaxing/relaxed 放松的disappoint- disappointing/ disappointed 失望的frustrate- frustrating/ frustrated 沮丧的frighten- frightening/ frightened 害怕的(2)其他:wake-awake 醒着的sleep-asleep （睡着的）sleepy （困倦的）live-alive (活着的，系动后，作表语)living (活着的，名词前，作定语)lively (生动的)二名词的变形：1. 变形容词：（1）+y  anger -angry 生气的  hunger-hungry 饥饿的  fogfoggy 有雾的  fur-furry 毛皮的  guilt -guilty 内疚的  health-healthy 健康的  luck-lucky 幸运的  cloud-cloudy  windwindy  rain-rainy  snow-snowy  sunsunny  tourist-touristy 游客多的  salt - salty 咸的  shine-shiny 发亮的  silksilky 丝绸般的  sleep-sleepy 困倦的  taste -tasty 甜的 noise-noisy 吵闹的   （2）+ ed 或动词+ed/d    balance balanced 平衡的    spot -spotted 有斑点的    talent-talented 有天赋的    organize- organized 有组织的    disgust- disgusted 厌恶的    offend- offended 生气的    crowd- crowded 拥挤的    pollute- polluted 被污染的please- pleased(人) / pleasant(物) 高兴的endanger- endangered 濒临灭绝的（3）+ ful / less（变反义）use- useful/ useless 有用的 无用的carecareful/ careless 小心的；粗心的help-helpful / helpless 有助的 无助的homehomeless 无家可归的color-colorful 五颜六色的pain -painful 痛苦的thankthankful 充满感激的peace - peaceful 平静的，宁静的play-playful 顽皮的，爱玩耍的wonder-wonderful 精彩的forget-forgetful 健忘的meaningmeaningful 有意义的（4）+ able    adjust-adjustable 可调整的    comfort-comfortable 舒适的    knowledge-knowledgeable 知识渊博的    suit -suitable 合适的    enjoy- enjoyable 高兴的      （5）+ ousdangerdangerous 危险的mystery -mysterious 神秘的nerve-nervous 紧张的 enormous 巨大的（6） ce 变 t confidence-confident difference-different importance-importantsilence-silent（7） +al medicine -medical 医学的 music-musical 音乐的 nature-natural 自然的 person-personal 私人的 nationnational 国家的education-educational 有教育意义的tradition-traditional 传统的origin -original 新颖的；独创的profession- professional 职业的，专业的 （8）+ ly    friend-friendly    live-lively 活跃的，有生气的live-living 活着的（名词前，作定语）alive 活着的（系动后，作表语）    love-lovely 可爱的（小孩） loving 慈爱的（老人）      （9）+ en    woodwooden 木制的     woolwoolen 羊毛的     （10）方位词 +ern      easteastern      westwestern      southsouthern      north-northern      （11） 四大洲：       Asia-  Asian   亚洲         Africa - African非洲America -American美洲      Europe - European  欧洲    music-musician 音乐家 （12）其他：( 名词-形容词)     energy -energetic 精力充沛的athlete-athletic 强健的scientist-scientific 科学的     foolfoolish 愚蠢的     freedomfree 空的， 免费的     heighthigh 高的heat-hot 热的     illness - ill 生病的     loveloving 慈爱的（老人） lovely（小孩）     death-dead 死的     pleasure-pleasant 物 / pleased人     pride-proud 自豪的popularity-popular 受欢迎的 length-long 长的courage-encourage v. 鼓励2变名词：（1）+istart-artist 艺术家tour-tourist 旅行者violin-violinist 小提琴手piano-pianist 钢琴家science-scientist 科学家terror-terrorist 恐怖分子三形容词的变形：1. 变副词：  （1）+ ly   badbadly糟糕地 brightbrightly  明亮地 casualcasually 随意地 clearclearly  清楚地 completecompletely 完全地 correct-correctly 正确地 finalfinally 最后 fortunatefortunately 幸运地 generalgenerally 一般来讲loudloudly / aloud 大声地 particularparticularly 特别地politepolitely 有礼貌地proper -properly 合适地 main-mainly  主要地most -mostly 多半，大多数normal-normally 正常地quickquickly 快地，迅速地quietquietly 轻轻地，安静地realreally 真地recent -recently  最近；近来hard -hardly 几乎不sad-sadly      难过地slow-slowly 慢慢地specialspecially 专门，特殊地specific-specifically 明确地strongstrongly 坚决地， 强烈地suddensuddenly 突然usualusually 经常地careful-  carefully 认真地successful- successfully 成功地 wide-widely 广泛地 safe-safely 安全地（2）以le 结尾的，e 变ycomfortable-comfortably 舒适地gentle-gently 轻柔地possible-possibly 可能地simple -simply 仅仅；只；简单地terrible-terribly 可怕地      （3）辅音字母+ y 变 ilyeasyeasily 容易地heavy (rain) heavily  happyhappily 开心地 lucky-luckily 幸运地 （4）特殊    goodwell好地         truetruly 真正地2.变反义词：polite-impolite 无礼的possible-impossible 不可能的happy-unhappy 不高兴的lucky-unlucky 不幸的usual- (an) unusual 不寻常的expensive-inexpensive  不贵的honest-dishonest 不诚实的regular-irregular 不规则的3. 变名词(+ness)happy-happiness 幸福ill-illness 疾病busy -business 生意，事业sad-sadness 悲伤4其他: (形容词变名词)hot-heat 热量high-height 高度foreign-foreigner 外国人strange-stranger 陌生人village- villager 村民safe-safety 安全difficult-difficulty 困难honest- honesty 诚实popular- popularitytrue-truth 真相，事实dead-death 死亡free-freedom 自由四名词-形容词副词：   beautybeautifulbeautifullycarecareful carefullycarecarelesscarelesslydifference-different-differentlyhappinesshappyhappilyhungerhungry-hungrilyhealthhealthyhealthilyluckluckyluckilynoisenoisynoisilyprideproudproudlysadnesssadsadly safetysafesafely silencesilent-silently 默默地 successsuccessfulsuccessfully truthtruetruly luck (un)lucky(un)luckily wonderwonderfulwonderfully      五 既是形容词又是副词：      early   get up early ；               an early train  late    be late for class             come late for school  deep   dive deep into the sea              a hole deep large  high   jump high；                a high mountainhard   a hard question；a hard stone         work hard / study hard         rain hardlong   It takes too long        It takes a long timefar    jump farMy home is far from school      straight  a straight line      go straight along here