对语文教学中文学作品鉴赏能力的培养分析中英文对照.doc

有关对语文教学中文学作品鉴赏能力的培养分析中英文对照Related to foster ability in appreciation of literary works in Chinese teaching in analysis of Chinese and English language compared文学作品的鉴赏在语文教学中是非常重要的一部分,它既能提高学生的语文能力,又能让学生陶冶情操、增长知识,还能提高学生的语言表达能力。因此,在语文教学中培养学生的文学作品鉴赏能力是非常重要的。本文对语文教学中怎样培养文学作品的鉴赏能力进行分析与探讨。Appreciation of literary works is a very important part in Chinese teaching, it can not only improve the students' language ability, can let the students increase knowledge, edify sentiment, again, also can improve the students' ability of language expression. Therefore, in the Chinese teaching to cultivate the students' literary appreciation ability is very important. In this paper, the literature in Chinese teaching how to cultivate the ability of analysis and discussion. 阅读文学作品包含理解和鉴赏两个层次,理解是指搞懂文学作品的词义、句义、全文大义,鉴赏是指鉴别和欣赏文学作品的语言、写作手法、篇章结构,还要鉴别和欣赏它的思想感情和主题的意义,并能对文章作恰当的评价。培养学生的文学鉴赏能力是一个日积月累的过程,不仅需要老师在教学过程中的引导,还需要学生的配合。本文就要从下面几方面对语文教学中文学作品的鉴赏能力的培养进行分析。Reading literary works contain understanding and appreciating two levels, understand is to point to understand the meaning of literary works, words of righteousness, the full text's sense of honor and appreciation refers to the language to identify and appreciate the literary works, writing methods and chapter structure, but also to identify and appreciate the thoughts and feelings and the topic significance, and can make appropriate comments on articles. Develop the students' ability of literary appreciation is a process of accumulate over a long period, not only need the teacher guide in the teaching process, students also need to cooperate. This article will from the following several aspects to foster ability in appreciation of literary works in Chinese teaching is analyzed. 1 读懂文章,训练语感,增强对文章的理解力Read the article 1, training of language sense, enhance understanding of the article 对文学作品的鉴赏的第一步就是要对文学语言有感受力。每一篇文学作品都是由字、词、句、段落组成的,能将文章中的字、词、句读懂是鉴赏文学作品最基本的要求。而在课本中选编了大量的文言文与白话文,而学生对于作品理解上难免会有困难。因此,在阅读文学作品时还需要老师对一些困难的词句进行指导。特别是对于文言文,很多的字和现在的汉语有不同的意思,而且有的词还有多种词义和用法。在这方面,老师在讲解的时候就要对词句分析透彻,找出一些规律,或者是增加一些趣味性的教学,让学生有更深刻的印象。学生只有将文章中的字、词、句的意思掌握精确,才能运用的熟练,从而进一步加深理解。Appreciation of literary works of the first step is to have capability on literary language. Every piece of literature is made up of words, words, sentences, paragraphs, will read the words in the article, word, sentence to understand is the most basic request of appreciating literary works. In the compilation of a large number of classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese textbooks, and students to work hard to avoid can have difficulty understanding. When reading literature, therefore, need the teacher to guide some difficult words and sentences. Especially for the writings in classical style, many words and now the Chinese have different meanings, and some words and a variety of word meaning and usage. In this regard, the teacher explained in words to analyze thoroughly, find some laws, or increase some interesting teaching, let students have a more profound impression. Students only extended the meaning of the word, word, sentence in the article grasp accurately, can skilled use, further deepen understanding. 除了读懂文章之外,朗读训练也是语文教学中重要的组成部分。学生在阅读文学作品时,脑海中会浮现出自己所阅读的文章所描述的情景,这样,就会使得文学作品变得鲜活、立体。多次对文章进行朗读就能更多的去感受作者文章中所描述的意境,从而也能加深对作品思想感情的体会。这样,反复的进行阅读训练,不仅能提高语言感受力,还会因为更能体会作者的思想感情而加强对文章的理解,从而慢慢的提高鉴赏能力。In addition to read articles, reading training is also important part of Chinese teaching. Students in reading literary works, mind will emerge yourself by reading articles described scenarios. In this way, will make literature becomes vivid, three-dimensional. Repeatedly to read articles can more to experience the author described in the articles of artistic conception, and thus can deepen understanding of works of thoughts and feelings. So, repeated reading training, not only can improve language sense, also because more can understand the author's thoughts and feelings and strengthen the understanding of the article, so as to gradually improve the appreciation ability. 然而,读文章也不能马马虎虎的去阅读,在朗读文章的时候,不仅要语音准确、语句清晰,还要做到声情并茂。只有在朗读时读出文章的情感,才能加深对文章的理解。因为,在朗读出文章中的情感时必定是对文中的词句进行了揣摩。而在揣摩的过程中自然而然的就会对文章的理解更进一层。Read the article, however, also can't so so to read, at the time of reading the article, not only to voice accurate, clear statement that must be affectionately. Only read when reading the article emotions, can deepen understanding of the article. Because, when read out the emotion in the article must have to read the words. In gauge will naturally in the course of understanding of the article is more into a layer. 朗读与理解文章是培养文学作品的鉴赏能力的最基本得一步,而要进一步提高学生对文学作品的鉴赏能力还需要对文学知识和其他领域的知识不断的拓宽。Reading and understanding this article is to foster ability in appreciation of literary works of the most basic step, and to further improve students' ability in appreciation of literary works also need knowledge of literature and other fields of knowledge constantly widened. 2 学习文学作品知识2 study literature knowledge 文学作品的鉴赏除了需要对文章进行阅读之外,还需要掌握文学作品中必须要掌握的基本知识。因为在鉴赏文学作品时还包括对主题、材料、语言、等进行鉴赏。在这方面老师可以开展一些活动,将课本上的知识深入生活中,让学生去亲身体验和感受生活,激发学生的学习兴趣性。另外,还可以计划一些系统的学习计划和训练,通过学习与训练让学生对文学知识有比较深刻的印象,才能将那些知识记住并进行运用。Appreciation of literary works in addition to the need to read the article, you also need to grasp literature must master the basic knowledge. Because when appreciating literary works includes, material, language, and so on carries on the appreciation of the subject matter. In this respect the teacher can carry out some activities, the textbook knowledge into the thick of life, let the students to experience and feel the life, stimulates the student interest in learning. In addition, you can plan some system plan of study and training, through learning and training to let the students knowledge of literature have a deep impression, to remember and use that knowledge. 学生除了要掌握老师在课堂上所教授的文学知识外,还要自己在课后积累其他的知识。只有多积累知识和材料,才能提高感悟能力、文字表达能力等一些其他的能力。要做到这些可以再课后去扩展阅读量,阅读量增大也能对文学作品的感悟力加强。Students in addition to master the literature knowledge taught by the teacher in class, after class, also take their own accumulation of the knowledge of the other. Only accumulating more knowledge and materials, to improve comprehension ability and writing expression ability and so on some of the other. To do this can be extended again after reading, reading quantity increase can also strengthen to literary works of the book. 3 了解文学作品的作者与创作背景Understanding literary works, authors and writing background 对文学作品的作者的了解应该算是积累文学知识的一部分,因为在学习文学作品时必须要掌握一些着名作者的基本情况,那样在要对这些作者的其他文章进行鉴赏时才能更容易理解他的文章。但是,在对一篇文章进行鉴赏之前,除了要了解作者的基本情况之外,还要对作者当时的思想和心境进行了解,那样才能更容易了解文章的思想感情。Accumulation of understanding of the literary works of the author should be part of literature knowledge, because when they study literature must to master some basic situation of the authors, who, as in other articles to the author appreciate can easier to understand his article. But, in an article for appreciation, in addition to understanding the basic situation, the author also to understand the author thought and state of mind at that time, it can more easily understand the thoughts and feelings of the article. 文学作品是现实社会生活在作者头脑中反映的产物,是作者用来表达对现实社会生活的意见态度。因此,不同时代的文学作品具有不同的风貌;同一时代、不同作者的作品也具有不同的思想与情调;而同一个作者也会因为时代和社会的变迁,其文学作品也会有不同的感情。所以,在鉴赏文学作品之前,了解作者的写作背景是必备的功课。 4 学习鉴赏文学作品的鉴赏方法Literary works reflects social life in the author mind, was used to express the authors attitude toward reality views of social life. Therefore, literary works of different times have different style; At the same time, the works of different authors have different thoughts and emotional appeal; And the same author will also because of the changes of era and society, the literature also will have different feelings. So before appreciating literary works, is essential to understand the author's writing background work. 4 learn to appreciate literary works appreciation method 4.1 着眼整体,鉴赏局部4.1 overall, appreciating local 作者在创作文学作品时,都是先确定其中心,从整体出发写作局部,以各个局部构成完整地作品。作品的某一个局部既有它独特的感情,又和其他局部相联系,共同表达主题。因此,在鉴赏局部时不能将其分开来理解,而应该结合文章的主题思想对局部进行理解,再融入到整体的文章中。这样能更全面地体会和把握作品的思想感情。Author in creating literary works, is to first determine the central, local, starting from the overall writing to each local constitute a complete works. Works of a certain local has its unique feelings, and associated with other local, common topic. In appreciation, therefore, when the local can't separate it to understand, and should be combined with the theme of the article thoughts to understand local, integrated into the whole article again. In this way can more fully understand and grasp the work of thoughts and feelings. 4.2 根据文章的体裁进行鉴赏According to the article 4.2 of the genre for appreciation 文章有很多不同的体裁,而不同体裁的文章在鉴赏时也要抓住不同的重点进行鉴赏。虽然不同体裁的文学作品的表达主题的方式不同,但是运用的表达手法却大多相同。所以,在鉴赏文章时,只要根据不同的体裁抓住表达主题的方式,然后围绕主题的中心思想对文章运用的表达手法进行分析与鉴赏。下面以小说为例,根据其体裁特征进行鉴赏。Article there are many different styles and different styles of articles in appreciation should also seize the different focus on appreciation. Although the expression of different genres of literature theme in different ways, but most use the expression of the same. So, in appreciation, just hold the topic according to the different type of way, and then around the theme of the central idea of this article carries on the analysis of ways of expression and appreciation. Below in fiction, for example, according to its characteristics of appreciation. 小说是以塑造人物形象为中心,通过故事情节和环境的描写反应当时的社会生活。鉴赏小说之前,要先对小说的写作背景进行了解,然后对小说所描述的环境进行分析,结合文章的中心思想去理解文章中所描述的环境在文中所起的作用以及作者的思想感情与环境的关系。在了解了文章中的环境描述后,就要结合当时的社会环境对文中的环境进行分析,从而达到更加了解文章中心思想的目的。对文学作品的环境了解和分析后,接下来要做的就是理清文中的人物关系以及人物的特点。在小说的鉴赏中对人物形象的分析是非常重要的一部分,对文章中人物形象的分析能更进一步理解小说的主题思想。小说中人物的性格是因为当时的社会环境影响而造成的,所以对人物形象的分析就能更好地去理解文章。在分析了任务的性格以后,要对文中每一篇文章中的人物的关系进行分析。小说中人物的关系也能体现故事的曲折与生动,还能更好的塑造人物的形象,体现小说中尖锐的矛盾斗争。总之,在鉴赏文学作品时,应该要根据不同的文章体裁,抓住文章的要点与中心思想,深刻的体会文章的思想感情。Novel is shaping characters as the center, through the description of story and environmental reaction of social life at that time. Prior to appreciate the novel to understand novel writing background, and then analyze the novel describes environment, combined with the article to understand the main idea of the article describes the role of the environment in this paper and the relationship between the author's thoughts and feelings and the environment. After knowing the environment described in the article, combined with the social environment to analyze the text of the environment, so as to better understand the purpose of the article central thought. Environment understanding and analysis of the literature, the next thing to do is to clarify the characters relations and the characteristics of the characters. On the analysis of the characters in the novel's appreciation is very important part of the analysis of the characters of the article to further understand the theme of the novel. Characters in the novel because of the influence caused by the social environment at that time, so the analysis of the characters can better to understand the article. After the analysis of the task's character, to the relationship between each of the characters in the article. Characters in the novel can reflect the relationship of the story twists and turns and vivid, also can better shape character of image, reflects the sharp conflict in the novel. In short, when appreciating literary works, should according to the different article genre, grasp the main points of the article and the central idea, deeply understand the thoughts and feelings of the article. 5 总结5 concludes 在鉴赏文学作品之前,老师必须对文学作品的知识进行讲解并让学生对那些文学知识掌握到位;要鼓励学生多进行课外阅读,多积累一点课外知识,培养学生的语言感受力与积累文学知识;还要多鼓励学生朗读文章,帮助学生增强语感与对文章的感受力。鉴赏文学作品是需要长时间的积累的,不是一朝一夕就能有很好的文学鉴赏力。在对知识积累到一定的程度后,在鉴赏文学作品时就能有通顺的语言表达能力。除了这些之外,还要让学生了解文学作品的多种体裁,只有对各种体裁都了解了才能提高对文学作品的鉴赏能力。当一切都需要积累的知识都到达一定的程度时,在鉴赏文学作品时就需要将文章的体裁与作者的相关信息、文章的背景等其他方面相结合对文章进行鉴赏。培养文学作品的鉴赏能力是语文教学中必不可少的一部分,对这一方面的能力提高后在语文的学习时也能更加轻松,还能提高学生的感受力与领悟能力。所以,在语文教学中培养学生对文学作品的鉴赏能力是非常必要的一个阶段。Prior to appreciate literary works, the teacher must have knowledge of literature and explain for the literature knowledge and let students learn in place; To encourage students in extra-curricular reading, accumulate more extracurricular knowledge, cultivate the students' language awareness and knowledge accumulation of literature; Encourage students to read more articles, help students to enhance language sense and sensibility to the article. Appreciate literary works is the need to accumulate over a long period of time, is not going to have a good literary taste. On the knowledge accumulation to a certain extent, while appreciating literary works can have smooth language power of expression. In addition to these, let students understand a variety of genres of literature, only for a variety of genres were learned to improve the ability of appreciation of literary works. When everything needs accumulation of knowledge has reached a certain degree, while appreciating literary works you need to information about genre and the author of the article, the background of the article, combined with other aspects, such as articles for appreciation. Cultivate literature connoisseurship ability is an essential part of Chinese teaching, to improve in this aspect ability in language learning can also more easily after, also can improve the students' capability and comprehension ability. So, in the Chinese teaching to cultivate students of literature appreciation ability is very necessary to a stage.