人教版初三英语暑假班复习资料共专题.doc
新初三英语暑假班复习资料（共20专题）暑假专题1：语法复习学习过程一、句子的成分及动词不定式在句子中的语法作用组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子的成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。1）句子的主语是表示句子所要说明的人或事物；“是什么”或“是谁”，这是一个句子的主要部分，一般由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语、从句等（如动词不定式和动词不定式短语、动名词等）来充当，通常位于句首。例如：The students love their teachers very much.To build this building took them about a year.Finishing the homework on time is good for a student. 2）句子的谓语用来说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”，说明主语的动作、状态或特征。句子的谓语一般用动词来表示。但情态动词和助动词不能单独作谓语，它们必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。例如：My watch works very well.I can go there with you.The teachers are having a meeting in the meeting hall now.3）句子的宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，通常由名词、代词（人称代词用宾格）或是相当于名词、代词的词、短语、从句等（如动词不定式或动词不定式短语、动名词等）来充当，一般放在及物动词的后面或介词的后面。例如：I lost my pen yesterday.I really want to go to the park with you.She decided to buy a cup of Coke and a piece of bread.Miss Sun said that I had to hand in the copy tomorrow.有些动词后面有两个宾语，我们称这为“双宾”，这类动词主要有give, send, tell, write, post, pass, teach ,wish等。例如：I will send him a letter this afternoon.Give me a piece of paper, please .注意：有些接“双宾”的动词后面用介词for4）句子的表语用来说明主语的性质、特征、身份等，表明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，可由名词、形容词、介词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当，它们与前面的系动词（如am, is, are, was ,were, become ,get, smell ,turn ,seem, sound, taste, feel等）一起构成谓语，形成“系表结构”。例如：I am a teacher.I feel much better than before.The pencils are in my school bag.5）宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语“怎么样”或“做什么”。宾语补足语可以由形容词、动词不定式、名词、副词、现在分词等充当。例如：He asked me to stand up.We should keep the room clean.I heard her singing at 9:00 last night.I keep my hands behind my back.6）句子的定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、形容词性物主代词、数词、名词、不定式、现在分词、介词短语、从句等均可作定语。例如：I have a black cat.The man over there is my father.My cat is white and yours is black.I have no homework to do.People living there are very friendly.注意：当形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing作定语时，要放在不定代词的后面。7）句子的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、程度、方式等，通常由副词、介词、介词短语动词、动词不定式以及从句来充当。例如：Wang Fang was doing her homework carefully.He ran the fastest in the first group.I come here to learn playing the piano.二、动词不定式在句子中的语法作用由于动词不定式或动词不定式短语具有名词、动词、形容词的特征，所以它在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语等句子成分。1. 动词不定式做主语，表示句子说的是什么（指具体动作）。例：To answer the teachers questions is very difficult.To do my homework often takes me about two hours every day.由于动词不定式或动词不定式短语做主语放在句首太长，有头重脚轻之嫌，所以常常用人称代词it来代替它作主语，称为形式主语，而真正的主语（动词不定式或动词不定式短语）被放在句尾。例：It often takes me about two hours to do my homework every day.It is good for us to do morning exercises every day.于是就出现了初中两个重要句型“it takes sb. time to do sth. ” “it is+形容词+（for /of sb.）to do sth.”例：It takes me half an hour to come to school.2. 动词不定式作表语用于“主系表”结构中例：To see is to believe.眼见为实。3. 动词不定式作宾语。有些动词或动词词组常用不定式作宾语，常见的有agree, ask, choose, decide, hope, want, wish, would like等。例：She asked to go there herself.I agreed to go there with her.4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语补充说明宾语怎么样，用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有以下两种情况，一种是用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词，另一种是用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词。（1）常见的能用带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词或动词短语有tell, want, ask, teach, like, allow, would like, expect, invite, love, prefer, wait for等。动词不定式作宾语补足语的否定形式是在不定式符号to的前面加否定词not。（2）有些动词要求用不带to的动词不定式作其宾语补足语。这些动词主要是一些表示感官的动词和使役动词，在初中阶段这类动词主要有以下几个：一感：fell二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have四看：see, watch, notice, observe半帮助：help5. 动词不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的词后面，作后置定语。例：Can you tell me the way to go to the nearest post office?Do you have anything to say for yourself?6. 动词不定式作各种状语（1）动词不定式作目的状语，常用的结构是“in order to do sth.”。例：We use knives to cut things.（2）动词不定式作结果状语，常用于“too+形容词或副词+to do sth.”和“形容词或副词+enough +to do sth.”结构中，分别表示“太而不能做”和“足够来做了”。例：My mother is too tired to cook for us.Your question is difficult enough to answer.7. “疑问词+不定式”的结构在句子中可以做主语、表语、宾语等。例：When to start became a big problem.Can you tell me how to go to the post office?【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）选择填空：（）1. Ive never seen film before.A. so a good. B. such a good. C. such. D. quite good.（）2.Jim Shanghai twice before.A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to D. has been（） 3.He has to finish the project, he?A. hasnt B. doesnt C. has D. does（） 4.They have never learned to skate. we.A. So have B. So do C. Neither haveD. Neither do（） 5.I hardly knew anything about it you told me.A. since B. after C. until D. when（） 6.They couldnt see him then we saw him.A. and B. so C. but D. or（） 7.They are talking about ways electricity.A. save B. to save C. saved D. are saving（） 8.I have bought a car.How long have you it?A. bought B. kept C. had D. have（） 9.They all will visit their old teachers in the future.A. some time B. sometime C. some times D. sometimes（）10. weather we have now!A. What a fineB. What fineC. How fine D. How a fine（）11.Study hard from now on, you ll fall behind others.A. and B. so C. but D. or（）12.Lily Lucy can go with you. Because they must look after their sick mother at home.A. Neither or allB. Neither nor bothC. Neither nor tooD. Not only but also both（）13.Sorry I forgot my book. Iit at home this morning. A. to bring, forgot B. to bring, forgetC. bringing, left D. to bring, left完形填空：Life teaches us to live. To live, you have to exist. To exist , you should have a passport to this living world._1_ to your parents, who _2_you into this world.Parents have taken care of us and satisfied（满足）all our needs. They help _3_ we are hungry, afraid or ill. They are always there by you, no matter when you need them. You always hope that they will be there for you and never think of how your life will be _4_them. But as you grow up, age also _5_ your parents and they need your help and support.Man is a child at _6_, after which he reaches his youth. After youth he again _7_through the second phase（阶段）of childhood, also _8_ as old age. This is the phase where everyone needs a feeling of belonging and _9_ taken care of . Wouldnt we all expect _10_ feeling of security when we grow old? Even our parents are expecting us to look after them as they grow old, but they _11_ tell us about that clearly.Some of us dont understand our parents and arent giving them what they need _12_. In fact, no matter what parents do _13_ say, they just show love for us. They hope to see us succeed in everything. So it is our duty to take good care of them. Its our pay _14_ time. Lets give the feeling of _15_, care and love to our parents in their old age. Lets keep in mind that to be a manager, scientist or artist, we first have to be a son.（）1. A. Thanks B. Thinks C. Thank （）2. A. broughtB. took C. carried（）3. A. wheneverB. however C. whatever （）4. A. with B. without C. to（）5. A. catches up withB. falls behindC. leaves behind （）6. A. first B. lastC. next（）7. A. go B. went C. goes （）8. A. call B. called C. calling（）9. A. being B. be C. become （）10. A. same B. the same C. different （）11. A. alwaysB. sometimes C. never （）12. A. much B. more C. most（）13. A. and B. but C. or （）14. A. front B. backC. away（）15. A. safeB. safety C. safely阅读理解：Do you want to save money when you travel by train? Here are some ways:Day ReturnsThis kind of ticket can save you 45% on the fare （money for tickets） . You have to travel before 8:30a.m.and after 6:00 p.m. from Monday to Friday , but you can travel at any time on Saturday or Sunday.Big City Savers（Savers 优惠票）You can save much money with tickets on some trains. You have to buy them at the latest by 16:00 the day before you travel.Weekend ReturnsYou can use Weekend Returns for most journeys over 60 miles. Go on Friday , Saturday or Sunday , and return the same weekend on Saturday or Sunday and you can save 35% on the fare.Monthly ReturnsYou can use these tickets for most journeys over 65 miles. Go any day and return within a month. Monthly Returns can save you 25% on the fareFamily ReturnsYou can get a card of Family Returns for $20 and then when you buy tickets later, you need to pay only $3 for each of the other family members （4 at most） . You can travel as often as you like within two months.1. Which kind of ticket are you going to choose if you want to go to a small town 75 miles away for four days?A. Day Returns B. Monthly Returns C. Weekend Returns2. If a man buys himself a ticket of $15 and three tickets for his family with a card of Family Returns. How much will he pay?A. $ 47 B. $ 27 C. $ 243. Which of the following is not true?A. A card of Family Returns can only be used for two monthsB. If you want to travel to London by air, you can use Big City SaversC. If you leave this Friday and return Saturday, you can use Weekend Returns4. The passage is probably taken from a _A. dictionary B. textbookC. newspaper【试题答案】选择填空：15 BABCC 610 CBBBB 1113 DBD完形填空：15 AAABA 610 ACBAB 1115 CCCBB阅读理解：14 BCBC暑假专题2：名词复习(一) 知识概要 名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法，但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。我们不妨把它分为两大类：专有名词与普通名词。顾名思义，专有名词是指：个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称，如，the Great Wall， America它们是不能随意变动的。而普通名词中则包括个体名词，如pen, worker它表示单一的个体人或事物；集体名词，如：family,class， team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体；物质名词，如：water,paper它表示的是一种物质，原材料；而后一种是抽象名词，如:work, time它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到，但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。名词种类 专有名词 London, John, the Communist Party of China 普 通 名 词 类名词 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table 集体名词 class, family, army, police, team, people 物质名词 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand 抽象名词 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest 功用 主语 My family is now in New York. 表语 His father is a scientist. 宾语 We love our great motherland. 宾语补足语 He made London the base for his work. 定语 The girls are making paper flowesrs. 状语 The car cost him 1000 dollars. 同位语 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here. （二）名词的数名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数，即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。不可数名词不能用数字计算，所以它通常只有单数形式。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等，如：English,air,water,cotton,work可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词，所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。可数名词复数形式的构成规律是：1. 一般情况加s,如：penpens, doctordoctors,boyboys,其读音规则是在清辅音后读s，在元音和浊辅音后读z。如:mapmap ， boyboys.2. 在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es，如：busbuses,classclasses,其读音为iz。3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s，其读音为iz。4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i再加es，读作z，如：factoryfactories,countrycountries, familyfamilies.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如:boyboys,daydays。5. 以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es，但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词，缩写词以o结尾的则只加s，如：tomatotomatoes,heroheroes;photophotos,radioradios,pianopianos6. 以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es，如：knifeknives, leafleaves, 但有些例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs。7. 不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的，它没有规律可循，如:manmen,womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet,toothteeth, mousemice8. 单复同形的名词有：fish, sheep,deer9. 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。名词还有格的变化，其主格可作主语，宾格可作宾语。还有所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's其复数形式是s'，如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：a student's room, students' rooms, Children's Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家名词的所有格要用's，如：a twenty minutes' walk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，如：the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers（三）名词所有格1. “名词-'s”的所有格 单数名词后加's，如： China's capital 中国的首都， Li Ming's home 李明的家(s在浊辅音和元音后读/ z /)，my group's favourite subject 我们组最喜欢的科目(s在清辅音后读/ s /)。 以s结尾的复数名词后加'如： ten minutes' walk 步行十分钟的路程， the twins' clothes 双胞胎的衣服， the teachers' office 老师们的办公室。 表示两个人共同拥有时，名词所有格只在第二个名词后+ 's，如： Lucy and Lily's bedroom 露西和莉莉的房间，Tom and Mike's football 汤姆和迈克的足球。 不以s结尾的复数名词后加's，如： Children's Day 儿童节； men's shoes 男士鞋子， women's clothes 女式服装。 名词所有格的省略 名词所有格所修饰的词, 如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，以免重复。如： The dictionary isn't mine, but Jenny's. 这本词典不是我的，而是珍妮的。 名词所有格后面指地点等的名词时, 有的在习惯上可以省去不用。如： the doctor's(office)医生的诊所；my uncle's(house)我叔叔的家；the barber's(shop)理发店 2. “of + 名词”的所有格。如： the door of the room 房间的门， a map of the world 一张世界地图。 3. 双重所有格：of + 名词所有格 以上提到的两种形式的所有格可以结合起来,构成“of + 名词所有格”形式, 有时带有感情色彩。如： an old friend of my father's(=one of my father's old friends)我父亲的一个老朋友, this lovely baby of my aunt's 我姨妈的可爱的孩子。由上述两例可知，在双重所有格中，用作介词补足成分的所有格名词必须是确定特指的，而且一般指人。(四) 专项练习1. She was very happy. She _in the math test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake2. We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe3. _ are _ for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using4. What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes5. Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave6 .-Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear7. On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato8. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories 9. He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice10. When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news11 -Would you like _ tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges12. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads13. It really took him _ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time14. I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks15. Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea 16. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of17. John bought _ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes18. -How many _ have you got on your farm?-I've got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken19. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies20. In the picture there are many_ and two
