实用商务英语翻译ppt课件.ppt

.,1,商务信函的翻译,.,2,第一节,商务信函简介,一,商务信函的,12,种要素,信头（,letterhead,）,案号,(reference),日期,(date),封内地址,(inside address),注意项,(attention line),称呼,(salutation),Next,.,3,事由栏,(subject),信的正文,(body of letter),信尾敬语,(complimentary close),签名,(signature),缩写名、附件及分送标志部分,（,IEC:initials,enclosures and carbon copies,block,）,附言,(postscript),.,4,商务信函实例,1,Kee&Co.,Ltd,34 Regent Street,London,UK Inside Address,收信人地址,Dear Sirs,，,Salutation,称呼,We have obtained your name and address,from Dee&Co.Ltd,and we are writing to,enquire whether you would be willing to,establish business relations with us.,.,5,We have been importers of shoes for many years.,At present,we are interested in extending our,range and would appreciate your catalogues and,quotations.,If your prices are competitive we would expect to,place volume orders on you.,We look forward to your early reply.,Yours faithfully,Complimentary Close,客,套结束语,Tony Smith,Signature Block,签名栏,Enc:invoice for consulting,services,Enclosure Notation,.,6,第二节,商务信函的文体特点及其翻译,1,商务信函的文体特点,1,1,词汇使用特点,1,1,1,用词规范正式,1,1,2,表意准确、专业性强,1,1,3,用语朴素、淡于修饰,1,2,语法使用特点,1,2,1,句子类型,1,2,2,句式结构,（,1,）复合句与简单句结合，以复合句为主,（,2,）常用并列结构,（,3,）状语位置独特,1,2,3,虚拟语气的运用,2,商务信函的翻译要点,2,1,商务英语信函翻译的原则,2,2,商务英语信函翻译的注意事项,.,7,1,商务信函的文体特点,1,1,词汇使用特点,1,1,1,用词规范正式,（,1,）商务英语信函经常以意义相同或相,近的书面词语代替基本词汇和口语词汇,，如以,inform,或,advise,代替,tell,，以,duplicate,代替,copy,，以,dispatch,代替,send,，以,otherwise,代替,or,；以介词短语代替,简单的介词，如以,as for,，,in respect to,，,in connection with,和,with regarding to,等,代替,about,等。,.,8,例如：,We are pleased to advise you that,your order NO.105 has been,dispatched in accordance with your,instruction.,我们很高兴地通知你们：第,105,号,订单货物已遵照你方指示运出。,.,9,1,1,1,用词规范正式,We will meet you half way by offering a,discount of 5%in view of our long pleasant,relations.,鉴于我们之间长期愉快的业务关系，本公,司将酌情考虑给予,5%,的折扣。,（,2,）商务信函中还经常使用,here/there+,介词构成的复合词，如,hereafter,，,hereby,，,hereunder,，,hereto,，,hereinafter,，,herewith,，,thereafter,，,therein,，,therefrom,等。,.,10,例如：,All offers and sales are subject to the,terms and conditions printed on the,reverse side hereof.,In such a case,Seller is bound to,reimburse buyer for any loss or damage,sustained therefrom.,.,11,All offers and sales are subject to the,terms and conditions printed on the,reverse side hereof.,所有报盘和销售均应遵守本报价单背面,所印的条款。,In such a case,Seller is bound to,reimburse buyer for any loss or damage,sustained therefrom.,在次情况下，卖方负责偿还买方由此所,遭受的损失。,.,12,1,1,2,表意准确、专业性强,商务信函用词表意准确、专业性强，主要表,现在使用大量的专业术语、行话、外来词、,缩略语以及一般词语在商务英语语境中的特,殊用法。,（,1,）专业术语类：,Trimming charges,平仓费,insurance policy,保险单,coverage,保险项目,establishment,开证,counter-suggestion,反还盘,surcharges,附加费,.,13,pro forma invoice,premium,clearance sale,underwriter,保险人,L/C,CIF,FOB,bid,C.B.D.,counter-offer,irrevocable letter of credit,.,14,pro forma invoice,形式发票,premium,保险费,clearance sale,清仓削价销售,underwriter,保险人,L/C,信用证,CIF,到岸价格,FOB,离岸价格,bid,递盘,C.B.D.,付现提货,counter-offer,还盘,irrevocable letter of credit,不可撤消信用证,.,15,1,1,2,表意准确、专业性强,例如：,We shall cover,TPND,on your order.,我们将为你方的货物,投保盗窃和提货不着险,。,It would be appreciated if you would let us,know by returning your lowest possible price,for the following goods on,FOB London,.,请报下列商品伦敦,船上交货,之最低价。,（,2,）外来词类：,拉丁语的,status quo,（现状），意大利语的,del,credere,（保付货价的），汉语中的,litchi,（荔枝,），,tungoil,（桐油），,mango,（芒果）等。,.,16,（,3,）行话：长期的函电交往使人们在使用术语上,形成共识，本来意义差异很大的词汇在特定的,语境中所表达的内涵和外延却非常相似。,Offer,quotation,表示“报价，发盘”,Pamphlet,brochure,booklet,sales literature,表示商家用于宣传介绍自己公司或产品的“说,明材料”,Shipment,和,consignment,表示“所发出的货物,”,Financial standing/reputation/condition/,position,用于表示公司的“资信财务情况”,Fulfill/complete/execute an order,用于表示“执,行订单”,A draft contract,或,a specimen contract,表示“合,同样本”,.,17,1,1,2,表意准确、专业性强,（,4,）商务信函准确性主要体现在数量词的大,量运用。商务,信函中的时间，价格，数量,，金额，规格等问题贯穿商贸活动始终，数,字的表达应言之确凿，避免摸棱两可。,例如：,The vender shall deliver the goods to,the vendee by June 15.,卖方须于,6,月,15,日或之前将货物交给买方。,The market here for this product is active,and the best price we can offer is US$150 or,over per long ton.,该产品在本地的销售看好，我方出价可达每,长吨,150,美元或以上。,.,18,1,1,3,用语朴素、淡于修饰,商贸信函的主要功能是传递信息，使收、发信,函双方发生贸易往来、达成交易，因此除了必,须使用专业术语等手段准确传达自己的信息意,图外，还要求信函语言明白易懂，朴实平易。,例如：,Dear Sirs,Thank you for your interest in our fireworks.,In reply to your enquiry of November 15,we,are really sorry to say that we cannot divulge any,of our sales information.We hope this will not,bring you too much inconvenience.,Yours truly,.,19,敬启者：,承蒙贵方对我们的烟花感兴趣，十分,感谢。,兹复贵方,11,月,15,日询价函，我们非常抱歉地,奉告，我们不泄露我方任何销售情况。我们希,望这不会给贵方带来很多不便。,敬上,.,20,1,2,语法使用特点,1,2,1,句子类型,英语句子按使用目的可以分为四类：,陈述句（,Declarative Sentences,）,疑问句（,Interrogative Sentence,）,祈使句（,Imperative Sentences,）,感叹句（,Exclamatory Sentences,）,.,21,（,1,）商务信函主要使用陈述句。,例如：,Dear Sirs,We thank you for your promptness in,delivering the coffee we ordered on 20th,July.,The number of bags delivered by your,carrier,this morning was,however,160 whereas our,order was for only 120.,Unfortunately,our present needs are,completely covered and as we cannot make use,of the 40 bags in excess of order,we have put,them in our warehouse to be held for you until,we receive your instructions.,Yours Truly,.,22,敬启者：,收到我方,7,月,20,日订购的咖啡，并对你,方迅速交货表示感谢。但是，你方承运人上,午交来,160,袋，而我们只订购,120,袋。,遗憾的是，我方需求已满，无法接受你,方多交的,40,袋。我们已将此货入库保存，等,候你方指示。,敬上,（,2,）祈使句表示请求、劝告、命令等，用祈,使句可避免生硬刻板，比,陈述句更有礼,貌。,.,23,Please look into the matter at once and let us,have your definite reply by cable without any,further delay.,请立即调查此事，并尽快电告,确切答复。,（,3,）疑问句也可用来表达写信人的观点或向对,方提议，疑问句给对方留有更大的余地，更,有礼貌，它的使用频率比祈使句相对要多。,Would you please send us a copy of your,catalogue?,能否向我公司邮寄一份贵公司的产品目录？,（,4,）感叹句虽然可以渲染气氛，增强语势，但,与函电英语讲求客观、严谨的文体不符，因,此感叹句在函电英语中极少使用。,.,24,Translation,FED,于,9,月,15,日向银行系统注入了一笔,为数,700,亿美元,的资金,.,今日送上第三号混合燕麦样品,请查收,.,报价为,FOB,旧金山,每夸特,10,美元,.,FED invested a$70 billion capital into the banking system,on September 15th.,We are sending you a sample of No.3 mixed oats,offering,you at$10.00 per qr.,FOB San Francisco.,.,25,We have entered into negotiation with the investor over the subjec,of compensation.,As stipulated in our Sales Confirmation No.12315,the,covering L/C should reach us not later than the end of this,month and we hope you will open it in time,so as to ensure,early shipment.,The insured amount should be 110%of the invoice value.If,you require a higher percentage,additional premium must be,paid.,我们和投资人进行补偿贸易的谈判,.,按照第,12315,号,销售确认书的规定,有关信用证应不迟于本月底前到,达我方,希望你方及时开立信用证以确保早日装运,.,.,26,投保金额应为发票金额的,110%,如果你方要求更高的百,分比,必须支付额外的保险费,.,Breakage is a special risk,for which an extra premium will,have to be charged.,破碎险是一种特殊险种,需额外收费,.,.,27,1,2,2,句式结构,从结构看，英文句子可以分成三种类型：,简单句（,Simple Sentences,），并列句（,Compound Sentences,），,复合句（,Complex Sentences,）,函电英语采,用大量的并列句和复合句。,（,1,）复合句与简单句结合，以复合句为主：,为了保证考究的句式和严密的逻辑性，函电,英语往往需要将连续的短句结合成一个独立,的主从复合句或并列句。,.,28,复杂句,The Credit could cover 85%of the,local expenses if they are made under,the responsibility of the British,Contractor and within the limit of the,down payments paid on the Contract,i.e.,15%as a maximum.,.,29,此项贷款可支付当地费用的,85%,。,但此项费用必须是英国承包商直接,负责支付的，并必须在合同头期款,的幅度以内，即最高不得超过头期,款的,15%,。,.,30,该句是主从复合句，由从属连词,if,引导的,状语从句包含了两个前提条件，使主句,的行为范围受到严格限制，从而使全句,逻辑严密。,复合句结构复杂，表达完备周密；简,单句则结构简单，简洁明快。函电英语,对严谨和简洁都有要求，目的在于追求,准确严谨的语言风格，因此复合句的使,用虽普遍，但不排斥简单句的使用。,.,31,1,2,2,句式结构,（,2,）常用并列结构,用,and,连接并列结构，使表达更精确。,Eg,：,This contract is made by and between the,two parties.,双方签定本合同。,用,or,引导的选择性并列结构，是内容更严谨,全面。,.,32,Eg,：,Any dispute arising from the,execution of,or in connection with the,agreement,shall be settled through,friendly consultations between the two,parties.,.,33,在本合同执行中引起的或与本合,同有关的争议应有双方通过友好协,商解决。,.,34,函电英语中常用的连用同义词还有：,amendments to/or alterations of,修改,force and effect,效力,fulfill and provide,履行,furnish and provide,提供,obligations and responsibilities,义务,make and enter into,达成,.,35,1,2,2,句式结构,（,3,）状语位置独特,商务函电中，较长的状语经常出现在主谓语之间，一般文体的主谓语间不,放长状语。,Eg,：,The Contractor shall,if called upon,so to do,enter into and execute the,Contract,to be prepared and completed at,the cost of the employer,in the form,annexed to these conditions with such,modification as may be necessary.,.,36,在被邀签约时，承包人应同意签,订并履行合同，该合同是由业主按,照本合同条件所附格式拟定，如有,必要可对其进行修改。该合同的拟,定和签订费用由业主承担。,.,37,商务函电的状语从句中，,if,，,when,，,in,case,等连词与从句的主体之间可放谓语,，一般文体的状语从句中则不可。,Eg,：,If,after 30 days from the,commencement of such informal,consultations,the parties fail to,resolve amicably a contract dispute,either party hereto may require that,the dispute be submitted to,arbitration for resolution.,.,38,在非正式协商开始,30,天后，如,果双方仍不能友好地解决合同争端,，任何一方都可以要求将争端提交,仲裁解决。,.,39,1,2,3,虚拟语气的运用,英语中共有三种语气：陈述语气,（,the Indicative Mood,），祈使语气,（,the Imperative Mood,），虚拟语气,（,the Subjunctive Mood,）。,虚拟语气可表主观愿望和假想虚拟,的情况，并可使语气委婉，谓语有,should,，,would,，,could,，,might,加动,词原形构成。,.,40,Dear Mr.Smith,Thanks for your promptness,in sending us the credit,information we requested.We are,glad to report that all of your,credit references spoke favorably,of you as a businessman.,.,41,The new store which you are opening in,Broadway,should,eventually prosper,since,yours is a thriving community.But its,location within 20 miles of New York forces,you to compete with the larger stocks and,lower prices of the metropolitan department,stores,so readily accessible to commute from,Broadway and similar communications.,Because your resources do not indicate that,you,can,meet such competition by staring,with a large indebtedness,we,must,refuse,your credit application.,.,42,We,could,suggest,therefore,that you,cut your order to half and pay cash for it.,This,will,entitle you to our 2 percent cash,discount,a saving which you may pass on,to your customers.By ordering,frequently in small quantities,you,can,best meet the competition of the New,York stores through keeping up-to-date,on a sound basis that,will,entitle you to,an excellent credit reputation.,.,43,The enclosed duplicate of your order,will,assist you in making your selection.,Just check the items you wish and sign,the order.Your merchandise will arrive,C.O.D.within two days after our receipt,of the order,in plenty of time for your,opening sale.,Sincerely yours,.,44,这封资信调查回复函使用了,should,can(),must,would,will(),may(),六个情态,动词，准确表达了写信人的预测、能力,、允诺等语气和态度，也表现出写信人,的礼貌。其中共使用了,11,次情态动词，,如此高的使用频率，说明情态动词在准,确传达语气和写信人意图方面具有很重,要的作用。,.,45,2,商务信函的翻译要点,2,1,商务英语信函翻译的原则,2,2,商务英语信函翻译的注,意事项,.,46,2,1,商务英语信函翻译的原则,准确规,范，功能对等,准确不仅指用词用句和语言结构上的,准确，还包括对信函内容的准确把握；,规范指译文必须符合本行业的专业规范,（,1,）要准确理解各种术语、外来词汇、,套语和习惯表达的专业含义和固定译,法，尽量保留原文风格，译成符合汉语,商务语言规范的术语或套语。,.,47,The duplicate shipping documents,including bill of loading,invoice,packing,list and inspection certification were,airmailed to you today.,包括提单、发票、装相单和检验证书在,内的装运单证副本今日已航邮贵处。,Please be informed that,on account of,the fluctuations of foreign exchanges the,quotation is subject to change without,previous notice.,兹告知贵方，由于外汇的波动，报价随,时可能改变，不另行通知。,.,48,Full information as to prices,quality,quantity available and,other relative particulars would be,appreciated.,请详告价格、质量、可供数量和,其他有关情况。,We are looking forward to a,favorable reply.,静候贵方佳音。,.,49,Would you let us know,your terms of,payment?,能否告知贵方付款条件？,We should be grateful/pleased,if you,would give us further details of Chinese,leather shoes.,如能告知中国皮鞋的,详情，将不胜感激。,Please inform us,how soon you can make,delivery.,请告知何时能交货。,.,50,2,1,商务英语信函翻译的原则,准确规范，功能对等,（,2,）了解词汇的特定含义,Discharge,可做名词或动词，一般为“卸货”,，但要分场合。,Routine duties of the Joint Venture Company,are to be discharged by the general manager,appointed by the Board of Directors.,Party A agrees that the expiration of this,license shall not discharge party B from its,obligation.,.,51,Routine duties of the Joint Venture Company are,to be discharged by the general manager appointed,by the Board of Directors.,董事会任命的总经理，负责履行合资公司的日,常职权。,Party A agrees that the expiration of this license,shall not discharge party B from its obligation.,甲方同意在许可证到期时并不免除乙方应尽的,义务。,.,52,Mr.Smith,chartered accountant,has been,appointed as liquidator to wind up the,business and will discharge all the firms,liabilities and receive all payments due to,it.,Party B shall check the quality of each,discharge in accordance with the contract.,.,53,Mr.Smith,chartered accountant,has been,appointed as liquidator to wind up the business,and will discharge all the firms liabilities and,receive all payments due to it.,注册会计师史密斯先生已被任命为本公司结,束业务的清算人，他将代理本公司,清偿,一切债,务并收取一切应收的欠款。,Party B shall check the quality of each discharge,in accordance with the contract.,乙方应按合同规定检查发出的每批货物的质量,。,.,54,2,1,商务英语信函翻译的原则,准确规范，功,能对等,Commission,做名词，但有两个意思，“,佣金,”,或“,委员会,”,Please let us have your quotation in USD on the,basis of CIF Port Shanghai including our 5%,commission.,请用美元报上海港到岸价，包括我方,5%,的,佣金,。,The decision made by the Arbitration Commission,shall be regarded as final and binding on both,parties.,仲裁,委员会,所作的决定应视为终局决定，对双,方都有约束力。,.,55,（,3,）要正确理解原文结构，理清全文的句,法结构和逻辑关系。,The goods we received contrary to our,instructions are packed in wooden cases,without iron hoops.,收到的货物是包装在没有铁箍的木箱,里，而这种包装和我们的指示不符。,.,56,2,2,商务英语信函翻译的注意事项,（,1,）商务信函大都以传递信息的功能为主，较少,运用修辞手段，一般不存在语言与文化的差异，在,翻译时无须作太多变动，多数情况下可按原句结构,直译。,I have pleasure in apprising you that,under the,auspices of several highly respected and influential,houses here,I have commenced business as a,shipping and assurance broker and general agent.,我十分高兴地通知您，在本地几家有名望、有影,响力的公司的支持下，我做起了运输与保险经纪以,及总代理的生意。,.,57,2,2,商务英语信函翻译的注意事项,（,2,）由于商务英语信函重在纪实，因此要求,译文不求虚饰但求简洁、严谨、准确。确,保术语、缩略语、具有商务术语性质的词,语以及商务套语翻译的规范性和准确性，,就要采用对应的汉语术语翻译原文中的商,贸术语。,原文中的一般性叙述，在翻译时应当,采用简明、易懂的汉语加以传译，保留原,文的简洁流畅与易懂性。此外，还须确保,事实细节（如日期、数量、金额等）等的,准确翻译，不得疏漏。,.,58,The market here for this product is,active,and the best price we can offer is,US$150 or over per long ton.,该产品在本地销售看好，我方出价可达,每长吨,150,美元或以上。,If you can accept$275 and send us a pro,forma invoice,we will open a letter of,credit for 1,000 sets.,如果贵方能够接受,275,美元的价格并寄送,形式发票，我方即开立,1,，,000,套的信用,证。,.,59,2,2,商务英语信函翻译的注意事项,（,3,）翻译时应注意保留原文的文体正式性和委,婉礼貌性，对原文情态、礼貌程度、语气和态,度应当仔细分析、整体把握并在译文中充分再,现。,（,4,）汉语商务信函用语和行文都讲究郑重，常,用文言词语，套语亦多。常用的信函词语包括,“收悉、承蒙、乞谅、见告、为盼、赐复”等,，这些词现在都还可以使用。,（,5,）在实际工作中，商务信函翻译者往往并不,要求将信函全译，而只是摘译。摘译信函时需,注意以下要领：,.,60,a.,摘译之前必须通读全文，弄清信件中,的所有事实。翻译之前还应当通读在此,以前的有关此事的相关往返信函，并应,特别注意时间顺序，力求理清事件的来,龙去脉，这是能做到准确摘译的先决事,件。千万不要任意猜测，不清楚时，应,多请教承办过此事的相关人员。,b.,摘译应包括信中所有主要事实的梗概,，包括时间、地点、条件等。摘译有很,大的伸缩性，其内容取决于材料使用者,的要求。最简略的摘译是函件摘要，往,往要求只用一两句话概述来函意图或涉,及何事、有何要求或建议等。,.,61,c.,如函件使用者要求了解较多的具,体情况，则可将信中最重要（一般说,来也就是最具体的）语句加以摘译。,d.,摘译公函不必拘泥于原文词句的,形式，但必须做到不仅在事实上符合,原件内容，而且在语气上也不失分寸,。,.,62,Translation,敬启者,:,经你方商会介绍,我方欣悉贵公司的行名和地址,.,我,专门经营中国纺织品出口,并愿意在平等互利的基础上与,贵公司建立业务关系,.,为使贵方对我公司产品有全面的,解,我方另函寄去一本目录及一套小册子以供参考,.,如,目录中所列之任何产品感兴趣,请具体询价,我方将立,报价,.,望尽快答复,.,谨上,.,63,Dear,Sirs,On,the,recommendation,of,your,Chamber,of,Commerce,we,have,learned,with,pleasure,the,name,and,address,of,your,firm.,We,wish,to,inform,you,that,we,specialize,in,the,export,of,Chinese,textiles,and,shall,be,glad,to,enter,into,business,relations,with,you,on,the,basis,of,equality,and,mutual,benefit.,To,give,you,a,general,idea,of,our,export,we,are,sending,you,under,separate,cover,a,catalogue,together,with,a,range,of,pamphlets,for,your,reference.,Please,let,us,have,your,specific,enquiry,if,you,are,interested,in,any,of,the,items,listed,in,the,catalogue.,We,shall,make,an,offer,promptly.,We,look,forward,to,your,early,reply.,Faithfully yours,.,64,商务合同与协议的翻译,(,法,律文体的翻译,),.,65,The simplest,most concise English is the best for,legislation:“The draftsman should bear in mind,that he is suppos