DCS 中英文翻译毕业论文控制系统.doc

英文翻译DCSDCS Distributed Control System is the abbreviation of (Distributed Control System), automation industry in the country is also known as distributed control system.The so-called distributed control system, or in some of the information in the call distribution system, as opposed to centralized control systems, a new computer control system, which is a centralized control system based on the development, evolution and come. It is a process by the process control level and the composition of monitoring level communications network as a link to the multi-level computer systems, integrated computer, communication, display and control technologies such as 4C, the basic idea is decentralized control, centralized operations, hierarchical management , flexible configuration, and configuration easy. Function in the system, DCS, and centralized control systems are not very different, but in the realization of system functions methods are completely different.First, DCS's skeleton - the system network, which is the foundation and core DCS. As the network of the system for real-time DCS, reliability and scalability, play a decisive role, so the manufacturers have been careful in this area of design. For the DCS system network, it must meet the requirements of real-time, that is completed within defined time limits transmission of information. Here the word "determine" the time limit is in any case, the information transfer can be completed within this time limit, and this time limit is based on real-time controlled process requirements identified. Therefore, indicators of network performance measurement system is not the network's rate, known as bits per second (bps), but the real-time system network, which can ensure the long period of time to complete the required information transmission . System network also must be very reliable in any case, network communications are not interrupted, so most manufacturers of DCS were double bus, ring or dual star network topology. Scalability to meet the requirements of the system, the system can access the network should be higher than the maximum number of nodes in the large number of nodes actually used several times. In this way, one can always add a new node, it can also make the system run in a lighter network traffic load conditions, to ensure that the system real-time and reliability. During the actual operation of the system, each node of the Internet and the net may occur at any time, in particular, operator stations, so that reconfiguration will always be, and this operation must not affect the normal operation, therefore, the system network should have a strong online network reconfiguration functions.Secondly, this is a completely on-site I / O processing and realization of direct digital control (DDC) feature of network nodes. To set the general scene in a DCS I / O controllers, to share the entire system I / O and control functions. This site can be avoided due to a failure caused by the failure of the entire system, improve system reliability, the site also allows sharing of data acquisition and control functions, will help improve overall system performance. DCS operator station is run operation to deal with all the human-machine interface (HMI-Human Machine Interface, or operator interface) function of network nodes.DCS engineer station is off-line configuration, the system configuration work, and online monitoring, control, maintenance of the network node, and its main function is to provide to the DCS configuration, software configuration tool (ie, the configuration software) and running online in real time DCS DCS network to monitor the operation of each node, the system engineer can engineer station to adjust the system configuration settings and some system parameters, the DCS at any time under the best working condition. And centralized control systems, are required to have all of the DCS system configuration functions, it can be said, no system configuration functions of the system can not be called as a DCS.DCS since its inception in 1975, has already experienced twenty years of development. In two decades, DCS system architecture although there is no significant change, but through constant development and improvement of its functionality and performance have been a huge increase. In general, DCS is toward more open, more standardized product in the direction of development.As the field of process automation computer control system, the traditional DCS is only a narrow concept. If only the production process that DCS automation system, which will lead to wrong conclusions, because the meaning of the computer control system has been greatly expanded, and it includes not only the DCS in the past included a variety of content, but also drill down to the each site measuring equipment, implementing agencies, upwards to the production management, all aspects of business. Traditional DCS now only refers to this part of the production process control automation, and industrial automation system concept, should be targeted to enterprise-wide solution, total solution level. Only from this perspective to ask questions and solve problems, to really play the computer automation of its role.DCS has the following characteristics:(1) high reliability. DCS system to control the spread of the computer implementation, the system uses fault-tolerant design of the structure, so a computer system malfunction will not cause the loss of other functions. In addition, each computer system, the tasks undertaken by relatively simple functions can be used for the need to achieve a specific structure and special computer software, so that the reliability of each computer system has also been improved.(2) open. DCS an open, standardized, modular and serial design, the system means each computer using the LAN communication, to achieve information transmission, when the need to change or expand the system functionality can be added easily connected to a computer system communication network or Remove from the network, almost does not affect the work of other computer systems.History of development of DCSDCS Distributed Control System is the abbreviation of (Distributed Control System), automation industry in the country is also known as distributed control system.It is a process by the process control level and the composition of monitoring level communications network as a link to the multi-level computer systems, integrated computer (Computer), communication (Communication), display (CRT) and control (Control) and other 4C technology, The basic idea is decentralized control, centralized operations, hierarchical management, flexible configuration, easy configuration. )Its development can be divided into three stages.Stage :1975-1980, during this period the technical characteristics of distributed control system as follows:1) using microprocessor-based control unit, to achieve decentralized control, a wide variety of algorithms, through the loop control configuration independently, with self-diagnostic function2) The operating station with a CRT display unit and the process of separation, centralized monitoring, centralized operation3) a more advanced communication system redundancyThe second phase :1980-1985., Distributed control system during this period the technical features as follows:1) increase the number of bits microprocessors, CRT display resolution to improve2) strengthening the modular system3) strengthen the system of information management, strengthening communicationThe third phase, after 1985, the third generation of distributed systems, and its technical characteristics were as follows:1) The adoption of open systems management2) 32-bit microprocessor operating station3) using real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating systemInto the next decade, computer technology advances, more new technology is being applied to the DCS. PLC is a sequential logic control developed for electronic equipment, which is used instead of inflexible and cumbersome relay logic. Fieldbus Technology in entering developed very rapidly since the mid nineties that some people have to predict: FCS based on field bus control system will replace the DCS as the protagonist.DCS is a Data Communication Subsystem (data communications subsystems) for short.To rail transportation industry, for example, DCS is a pure non-transparent security system, he is sent between the control center and train carrier packet.DCS second layer of meaning: Dorsal Column Stimulator medical spine stimulatorIn the special control areas, such as nuclear power plant control system, DCS is the meaning of digital control system (Digital control system).DCS main domestic manufacturers are: Shanghai Xinhua, the super control, State Power Zhishen, Zhejiang University in control, and Belgium, Shanghai Chinese, Shanghai Leroy, from Zhejiang and so on. There Westinghouse abroad (Emerson), FOXBORO, ABB, Siemens, Honeywell, Yokogawa, Yamatake - Honeywell, FISHER-ROSEMOUNT companiesOverview of characteristics and development of DCSDCS is a distributed control system (Distributed Control System) for short, is commonly called the domestic general distributed control system. It is a process by the process control level and the composition of monitoring level communications network as a link to the multi-level computer systems, integrated computer (Computer), communication (Communication), display (CRT) and control (Control) technologies such as 4C, the The basic idea is decentralized control, centralized operations, hierarchical management, flexible configuration, easy configuration.DCS has the following characteristics:(1) high reliability of the DCS system to control the spread of the computer implementation, the system uses fault-tolerant design of the structure, so a computer system malfunction will not cause the loss of other functions. In addition, each computer system, the tasks undertaken by relatively simple functions can be used for the need to achieve a specific structure and special computer software, so that the reliability of each computer system has also been improved.(2) DCS open an open, standardized, modular and serial design, the system uses the computer local area network communication means to achieve information transmission, when the need to change or expand the system functionality can be added easily with a computer communication network into the system or removed from the network, almost does not affect the work of other computer systems.(3) flexibility in the configuration software through the process of application objects according to different hardware and software configuration, which determine the measurement and control signals and inter-connection of the control algorithms from the library and select the appropriate control law called from the basic graphic components graphic library required for various monitoring and alarm screen, thus easily constitute the required control system.(4) easy maintenance features a single small or micro-dedicated computer, with easy maintenance, convenient features, and when a local or a computer failure, you can run the system without affecting the case of line replacement, rapid troubleshooting .(5) coordination between the various stations of various data transmission through the communication network, the whole system of information sharing, coordination of work to complete the control system's overall functionality and optimization.(6) control functional control algorithm rich set of continuous control, sequence control and batch control in one, can be realized cascade, feedforward, decoupling, adaptive and predictive control, advanced control, and easily add the necessary Special control algorithms. The composition of DCS approach is flexible, managed by a dedicated computer stations, operator stations, engineering stations, recording station, site controller and data acquisition stations and other components, but also by a common server, industrial computer and programmable controller was. At the bottom of the process control level are generally distributed on-site controllers, data acquisition stations, data acquisition and control in place, and through the data communications network to monitor and control level computer. Production control level on the data from the process control level centralized operations management, such as various optimization, statistical reports, fault diagnosis, alarm and so on. With the development of computer technology, DCS can follow a more high-performance needs and computer equipment connected through the network to achieve more advanced centralized management features, such as planning and scheduling, warehouse management, energy management.DCS in the development and application of state at home and abroadIn 1975, the largest U.S. companies Honeyw ell instrument control to the world launched its first integrated distributed control system TDC-2000 (Toal D ist ribu ted Con t ro l -2000), published in the system, immediately aroused the U.S. industrial control community highly, calling it "the most inspiring event." Major companies around the world quickly followed, introduced one by one distribution system, from process control to enter a new era of distributed systems.During this period the Japanese Yokogawa introduced CEN TUM, the United States Taylor Instrument Company MO SË, Fischer's DCÉ -400, Bailey's N -90, Foxboro Cpect rum and the German company Siemens Company Telepermm.With micro-computer and computer networks in particular, the rapid development of technology, coupled with fierce competition of the manufacturers, so that DCS quickly from the first generation of the 70s to the early 90s the development of the third generation of DCS. Although distribution systems before that the technical level is already high, but there is a major drawback is: the major companies introduced dozens of models of the system, almost all of the company's patented product, each company in order to protect their own interests, patents are used in the network, which is the whole plant, the management of enterprise-wide cause problems.As computers and web development companies to make more use of the control computer technology business, late 80's many companies introduced a new generation of distributed control system, whose main feature is a new system of local network using MA P Agreement; Intelligent variable reference transmitter with fieldbus structure; in the control software on the order of the introduction of PLC control and batch control, the DCS also has the function of PLC.Countries in the early 90s to the DCS are well known: 3000, Bailey's IN FI-90, Ro semoun t of the RS-3, W est Hoo se of WDPF, L eeds & Non th rup the MAX-1000, Foxbo ro's IöAS , Japan, Yokogawa's CEN TUM. Mentioned here are large-scale DCS, in order to meet the market needs a lot of the development of