心理学Psycholog英文版(心理障碍)课件.ppt
中英文日报导航站,Myers PSYCHOLOGY,Chapter 16Psychological Disorders,中英文日报导航站,Psychological Disorders,Psychological Disordera“harmful dysfunction”in which behavior is judged to be:atypical-not enough in itselfdisturbing-varies with time and culturemaladaptive-harmfulunjustifiable-sometimes theres a good reason,中英文日报导航站,Historical Perspective,Perceived Causesmovements of sun or moonlunacy-full moonevil spiritsAncient Treatmentsexorcism,caged like animals,beaten,burned,castrated,mutilated,blood replaced with animals blood,中英文日报导航站,Psychological Disorders,Medical Modelconcept that diseases have physical causescan be diagnosed,treated,and in most cases,curedassumes that these“mental”illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy,which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital,中英文日报导航站,Psychological Disorders,Bio-Psycho-Social Perspectiveassumes that biological,sociocultural,and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders,中英文日报导航站,Psychological Disorders,中英文日报导航站,Psychological Disorders-Etiology,DSM-IVAmerican Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(Fourth Edition)a widely used system for classifying psychological disorderspresently distributed as DSM-IV-TR(text revision),中英文日报导航站,Psychological Disorders-Etiology,Neurotic Disorder(term seldom used now)usually distressing but that allows one to think rationally and function sociallyPsychotic Disorderperson loses contact with realityexperiences irrational ideas and distorted perceptions,中英文日报导航站,Anxiety Disorders,Anxiety Disorders distressing,persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxietyGeneralized Anxiety Disorderperson is tense,apprehensive,and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal,中英文日报导航站,Anxiety Disorders,Panic Disordermarked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain,choking,or other frightening sensation,中英文日报导航站,Anxiety Disorders,Phobiapersistent,irrational fear of a specific object or situationObsessive-Compulsive Disorderunwanted repetitive thoughts(obsessions)and/or actions(compulsions),中英文日报导航站,Anxiety Disorders,Common and uncommon fears,中英文日报导航站,Anxiety Disorders,中英文日报导航站,Anxiety Disorders,PET Scan of brain of person with Obsessive/Compulsive disorderHigh metabolic activity(red)in frontal lobe areas involved with directing attention,中英文日报导航站,Mood Disorders,Mood Disorders characterized by emotional extremesMajor Depressive Disorder a mood disorder in which a person,for no apparent reason,experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods,feelings of worthlessness,and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities,中英文日报导航站,Mood Disorders,Manic Episodea mood disorder marked by a hyperactive,wildly optimistic stateBipolar Disordera mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of maniaformerly called manic-depressive disorder,中英文日报导航站,Mood Disorders-Depression,中英文日报导航站,Mood Disorders-Depression,Canadian depression rates,中英文日报导航站,Mood Disorders-Suicide,中英文日报导航站,Mood Disorders-Bipolar,PET scans show that brain energy consumption rises and falls with emotional switches,中英文日报导航站,Mood Disorders-Depression,Altering any one component of the chemistry-cognition-mood circuit can alter the others,中英文日报导航站,Mood Disorders-Depression,The vicious cycle of depression can be broken at any point,中英文日报导航站,Dissociative Disorders,Dissociative Disordersconscious awareness becomes separated(dissociated)from previous memories,thoughts,and feelingsDissociative Identity Disorderrare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalitiesformerly called multiple personality disorder,中英文日报导航站,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenialiteral translation“split mind”a group of severe disorders characterized by:disorganized and delusional thinkingdisturbed perceptionsinappropriate emotions and actions,中英文日报导航站,Schizophrenia,Delusionsfalse beliefs,often of persecution or grandeur,that may accompany psychotic disordersHallucinationssensory experiences without sensory stimulation,中英文日报导航站,Schizophrenia,中英文日报导航站,Schizophrenia,中英文日报导航站,Schizophrenia,中英文日报导航站,Schizophrenia,中英文日报导航站,Personality Disorders,Personality Disordersdisorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioningusually without anxiety,depression,or delusions,中英文日报导航站,Personality Disorders,Antisocial Personality Disorderdisorder in which the person(usually man)exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing,even toward friends and family membersmay be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist,中英文日报导航站,Mood Disorders-Depression,Boys who were later convicted of a crime showed relatively low arousal,中英文日报导航站,Personality Disorders,PET scans illustrate reduced activation in a murderers frontal cortex,中英文日报导航站,Personality Disorders,中英文日报导航站,Rates of Psychological Disorders,
