必修三 unit1 知识点梳理.docx

必修三 unit1 知识点梳理1. starve vt.&vi. (使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需；饿得要死 She's starving herself trying to lose weight.她为了减肥而忍饥挨饿。 常用结构：starve for渴望得到 starve to death 饿死 be starved of极需，缺乏 starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事 The plants are starving for water.这些植物极需要水。 2. belief n. C/U 信任；信仰，信心；(pl. beliefs) believe vi.&vt. 相信 常用结构： have belief in sth./sb. 对某物/某人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心 beyond belief 难以置信 in the belief that . 相信 have belief in相信, 信任 to the best of my belief在我看来; 我深信; 就我所知 have belief in the masses相信群众 a person worthy of belief可以信得过的人 There is nothing more natural than a child's belief in his parents.没有任何事情比孩子对他父母的信赖更为自然。 1.belief faith trust confidence都含有“相信”的意思。 belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如: He got the highest award in the contest. 他得到了比赛的最高奖。 习惯用语 as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬奖赏 be rewarded by success 获得了成功 giveoffera reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬 in reward of 为酬答.; 作为奖励 reward sb. for sth. 为某事报答某人 reward sb. with .for sth. 为某事而以.报答某人 He won the award for the best student of the year.他获得本年度最优秀学生奖。 5. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语，但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。 vi. 惊讶, 惊异 belief in ghosts.相信有鬼 2. faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如: I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。 3. trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如: enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任。 4. confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如: She has great confidence in her success.她对自己的成功充满信心。 3. gain n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润 vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；快 He gained full marks in the examination.他考试得了满分。 No gains without pains.谚没有辛苦就没有收获; 不劳则无获。 No pains no gains.谚没有辛苦就没有收获; 不劳则无获。 Sometimes the best gain is to lose.谚有时吃亏就是占便宜。 gain the audience's attention吸引住听众观众 gain the top of a mountain到达山顶 4. award vt. 授予，奖给(后多接双宾语，在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded);判定；n.奖，奖品；奖金 Educational Development Awards 英教育发展奖金 literary awards 文学奖金 major award 一等奖学金 minor award 二等奖学金 admiration n. 赞美，钦佩；令人赞美的人或物 admirer n. 钦佩者；羡慕者 admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人 express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩 have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人 in admiration of 表示钦佩 with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地 They admired our garden.他们羡慕我们的花园。 I admire (him for) his courage. 我佩服他的勇气。 I admire him for his success in business. 我羡慕他事业有成。 We all admired at his sudden success. 他的突然成功使我们感到惊讶。 Aren't you going to admire my new house? 你难道不想夸夸我的新房子吗？ 6. remind vt. 使记起；提醒；使想起 常用结构: remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that .提醒某人/使某人想起 must remind him to call; 必须让他记着打电话； Please remind me that I must call her up before nine. 请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。 7. permission n. U许可，允许 permit vt. 准许，许可，允许; n. 许可(证）；执照 常用结构： with one's permission 得到允许 without one's permission 未经允许 ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可 give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事 have one's permission 得到某人的同意 without permission 未经许可, 擅自 written permission 书面许可证 You have my permission to leave. 你可以走了。 8. clothing n. (总称)衣服，服装U 辨析 clothing/clothes/cloth clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，为不可数名词； clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服，它没有单数形式，只能说many/some/a few clothes; cloth则指做衣服所用的布料，为不可数名词。 9. take place发生；举行 In the meantime, an economic crisis took place in that country.在此期间那个国家发生了经济危机。 The Olympic Games take place every four years.奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。 辨析 take place/happen/break out/occur take place 通常表示计划、安排之内的“发生”。 happen指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见的含义；另外，还有“碰巧”之意。 break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。 occur指按计划发生，常指出现在某人的头脑中。 常见结构：It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。 It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.我想起了我忘了带钥匙。 10. in memory of =to the memory of 纪念；追念 Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people.很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。 The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那位有名的科学家而建的。 拓展 in honour of 为了纪念；向表示敬意 in praise of 歌颂；称赞 in favour of 赞同, 支持 in charge of 负责 in need of 需要；缺少 in search of 寻找 in possession of 拥有 11. dress up dress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”讲，与介词as/like连用或用于dress up as sb./dress up for sth.结构。 They dress up for the occasion.为了参加这个活动，他们都穿上了盛装。 be dressed in 穿着衣服 be dressed as 打扮成 be well dressed 衣着讲究 dress oneself 穿衣，打扮 dress sb. 给某人穿衣服高手过招 12. play a trick/tricks on sb.搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 The children played a trick on their teacher on April Fools Day.孩子们在愚人节那天捉弄了他们的老师。 Remember not to play any tricks on the disabled.记住不要戏弄残疾人。 拓展 play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑 make fun of sb. 取笑某人 laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 smile at sb. 向某人微笑 make a fool of 愚弄;嘲笑 13. look forward to期待某事做某事(to为介词，后接名词或动名词) We should look forward to the futurity.我们应该展望未来。 14. turn up 出席(某活动)(常用于口语);出现;找到;把(收音机等的)音量调大一些(其反义短语是turn down)；到场 I cant hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit?我听不太清楚收音机,你把声音调大点行吗? 15. keep one's word 守信用；履行诺言； word意为“诺言”时，是不可数名词，不可以用复数形式，其前面不可以用冠词修饰。 You should keep your word once you make it.你一旦许诺就要遵守诺言。 拓展：break one's word 食言 get in a word 插嘴 in a/one word=in short总而言之 in other words 换句话说 word for word 逐词 have a word with sb.与某人谈话 have words with sb. 与某人争吵 word came that .有消息传来 16. set off 出发；动身；使爆炸; 衬托, 使更鲜明, 使显得美观;分开, 隔开, 划出;平衡; 弥补, 以.抵消.(against); 使(某人)开始做, 使发火; 触发, 引起 They set off in search of the lost child他们出发去寻找那个丢失的孩子。 拓展 set off for a place 出发到某地 set about doing sth.开始；着手做某事 set out 从某地出发上路 set out to do sth.开始做某事 set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立 set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边； 节省或保留金钱或时间 set down记下；写下 17.as though/as if 意为“好像”。 She acted as though nothing had happened.她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。 It looks as if its going to rain.看样子要下雨了。 1. mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean (doing) sth 意味着做某事 be meant for打算给予，打算做用 (had) meant to do 本来打算做而实际上未做 by all means 可以，当然行，没问题 by means of 借助的手段；依靠方法 By no meant绝不，一点儿也不 2. take place发生 3. do harm/good有害处/好处 4. go to clean graves扫墓 5. in memory of 为了纪念 in celebration of为了庆祝 in favor of赞同 in praise of为了表扬 6. in the shape of 以的形状 7. offer sb sth=offer sth to sb提供某人某物/某物给某人 offer to do sth主动提出做某事/建议将做某事 offer (sb) money for sth(向某人)出价多少买某物 offer sth for money(向某人)开价多少卖某物 8. dress up装扮 9. play a trick/tricks on=play a joke/jokes on开玩笑 10. the arrival of的回归 11. gain independence获得独立 12. the agricultural work农活 13. decorate with用装饰 14. win awards赢得奖品 15. admire the moon赏月 admire sb for sth因为羡慕某人 16. look forward to doing sth期待做某事 17. day and night日日夜夜 18. colourful clothing of all kinds各种各样的漂亮的衣服 19. as though/if好像 20. be covered with被覆盖 21. have fun with取乐 22. a worldwide holiday全世界的节日 23. turn up/away/back/down/in/off/on/out/over/to出现/拒绝/原路返回/关小，拒绝/上交/转变；关掉/打开/证明是；生产/翻转/转向；求助于 in turn轮流/反过来 take turns to do sth/in doing sth轮流做某事 do sth by turns轮流干某事 24. laugh at 嘲笑 make fun of取笑 25. keep ones word/promise守信用，履行诺言 26. hold ones breath屏住呼吸 27. It is obvious that很明显 28. wipe the table擦桌子 29. fall in love with sb爱上某人 be in love相爱 get married/be married to sb/ marry sb与某人结婚 30. once a year一年一次 31. set off出发 set about着手开始 setagainst把与比较/对比 set back 使后退，阻碍，拨慢 set forward前进，促进，拨快 set down 写下 set out动身，出发；摊开，陈列；表述 32. throwaway扔掉 33. remindof 使想起 remind sb to do sth提醒某人干某事 34. forgive sb原谅某人 35. a kind of +n.(s./pl.)+V一种 kinds of +n.(s./pl)+V各种各样的 36. hold back阻止，退缩 hold on to 抓住，不卖掉，不放弃 hold on 等一等，请稍等，坚持，忍受着 hold up 举起，拿起，延误，使停顿 hold out伸出 37. starve for渴望，缺乏 starve to death饿死 38. important religious festival重要的宗教性节日 39. light lamps点灯 40. apologize to sb for (doing) sth因某事向某人道歉=say sorry to sb for sth =make/offer an apologize to sb for (doing) sth apologize to sb for sb替某人向某人道歉