红宝书 20基础词 20第二节 20练习题及答案详解.doc

考研英语词汇（必考词+基础词+超纲词）练习题及答案详解基础词第二节（Unit 8Unit 14；第 232 页280 页）练习一：词汇与搭配1It snowed heavily for three days _ end and we were isolated from the outside world. 2 “Car 17 won the race.” “Yes, but its driver came close _ being killed.” 5 The partys reduced vote was indicative lack of support for its policies. 6 There is a problem even for people _ employment. e gets it. 9This is much inferior the one I bought last week. 10When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them _. 11This may mean the difference between operation a profit or at a loss. 12 Todays weather is an improvement yesterdays. ody is the ant. 15I dont think its wise of you to show _ your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him. 练习二：词汇辨析1By turning this knob to the right you can _ the sound from this radio. A amplify B enlarge C magnify D reinforce 2She is a British A inhabitantB resident C civil D citizen but lives in India.3In most cases politicians are as they seldom tell the truth. A credible B credulous C incredulous D incredible 4Britain has the highest of road traffic in the worldover 60 cars for every mile of road.A density B intensity C popularity D prosperity 5An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget _. A disposition B discrepancyC defect D deficit 6My brother is an _ engineer. A electric B electrical C electricity D electronic 7I cant _ what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this mornin. A figure out B draw out C look out D work out g8Before the arrival of the white, Australia was _ solely by Aborigines. A lived B resided C dwelled Dinhabited 9The doctor tried tothe patients suffering. A diminish B reduce C decrease D alleviate 10Scientists are searching for the oldest tree because it can teach them a great deal about many matters. A live B livelyC livingD alive 11Do you think that the end justifies the ? A way B means C method D manner 12The writers choice of words is simply a matter of style. A personal B private C personnel D individual 13I must find someone to act as a (n) for me during my absence. A delegate B deputyC representative D agent 14The plane was A delayed B canceled C postponed D dismissed for two hours because of the heavy fog15The _ of blood always makes him feel sick. A sight B view C look D form 16The artist and the author both tried to the splendor of the sunset. A depict B narrate C describe D tell 17The eldest son was the to his large fortune. A descendant B successor C heir D follower 18He seized the leg of a broken chair as a(n) _ to defend himself. A arms B tool C weapon D medium 练习三：英语知识运用1According to a recent survey, Americans also change their eating patterns to meet the needs of different situations. They have certain ideas about which foods will make them _for business meetings, or put them in the mood for romance. A attentive B shrewd C acuteD alert 2 _ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been isolated from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that interaction with other human beings in necessary for proper language development. A Because B In case C Although D Whether 3The antiwar movement in the 1960s, the _ Rights Movement that emerged strongly in the 1950s, and the antiabortion movement of the 1980s are all examples of social movement in America that have involved both legal and illegal activities to achieve their goals. A Civil B Liberty C Humanity D privacy 4Around the world young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music. Forbes magazine claims that at least fifty rock stars have_of between two million and six million dollars per year. A revenues B salaries C wages D incomes 5For some years now a research team at Vienna Technical University, headed by Drs. Ingeborg and Erwin Hochmair, in cooperation with Professor Kurt Burian of the Medical Faculty of Vienna University, have pioneered the development of a hearing aid for the totally deaf in both ears. The device, which is already in production, is capable of enabling the totally deaf to achieve the level of speech understanding of those with moderately severe hearing _a breakthrough of considerable social and economic importance. A ability B aids C defectsD organ 6The latter may commit crimes _lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism. A on B in C for D with 7The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high at its center; thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air cascades off the land with such that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. A force B roughness C influenceD coldness 8But at the beginning of this century, the tango was refined, so that it lost its erotic features. It was preformed in fashionable casino ballrooms. The tango, in its sophisticated European , became popular in England and in the USA. A shape B form C format D contour 9The Police are grateful the good publicity and their new image, especially in cities where there are black ghettos. White policemen are now careful of how they speak and behave towards their fellow back citizens. A for B to C in D on 10British officials, who the United States as the pacesetter both in illegal drug use and the fight against it, have consulted closely with their US counterparts in planning strategy. The government has begun stationing customs officers in countries that are primary sources of heroin, like Pakistan, and it is contributing money abroad to encourage substitution of poppy crops by others. A follow B regard C accept D ok 11Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing of child abuse and child neglect. A incidence B awareness C exposure D popularity 12For example, changes in the economy that to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.A point B lead C come D amount 13Today, most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel to the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other of transport. A way B means C method D approach 14The reindeer, in fact, nearly all the needs of certain wandering tribes in the far north. The reindeer carries burdens, pulls sleds, and provides milk and meat. To many people, a domestic animal is a pet. Pets are kept for companionship and to satisfy peoples desire to take care of something. A has B keeps C realizes D meets 15In 2001, in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch. Television will provide information on prices at _pictures as well as sound to telephone conversations. A near B nearby C nearly D nearer 16The tango has probably traveled further and gone through more changes than almost any other dance. African slaves brought the tango to Haiti and Cuba in the 18th century; in Cuba, the tango was influenced by the local Cuban dance, referred to as “the Havana”. From there took the tango to Argentina in the 19th century, where it was changed once again and became popular in the slums. A immigrantsB emigrants C immigratesD emigrates 17In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither nor shocking. Interfaith marriages are on the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and raise a family. A rare B scarce C seared re18The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and described and can be briefly summarized. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage _women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. A with B of C in a19Most Asian business leaders are instinctively good at relationship building _direct communications. But they dont use the mass media so well. While face to face communications is while, its not enough in todays big business. A throughout B throughC thereby d20How do the rock stars use their money? What do they do when the money starts pouring in like water? Most of the young stars simply throw the money Many rock stars live like Grace Slick and the Jefferson Airplane A off B around C down D out 练习四：语法与词汇1 The gloves were too really too small, and it was only by _them that I managed to get them on. A. spreading B. squeezing C. extending D. stretching 2To say that a soldier in battle is like a tiger may be a descriptive _,but it doesn't mean that he is on all fours, roaring and waging his tail. A. analysis B. metaphor C. analogy D. simile 3The doctor gave me some medication to _my pain in the back. A. aggravate B. slaughter C. alleviateD. shatter 4The idea of a balanced diet is hard to _to those who knows nothing about nutriology. A. put across B. put through C. put down D. put forward 5It was obvious that John had been drinking far too much from the way he came _down the street. A. limping B. staggering C. stumblingD. hobbling 6At the party we found that shy girl _her mother all the time. A. depending on B. coinciding with C. adhering toD. clinging to 7As an excellent shooter, Peter practiced aiming at both _targets and moving targets. A. standing B. stationary C. still D. stable 8This kind of material can _heat and moisture. A. delineate B. compel C. constrain D. repel 9The work in the office was _by a constant stream of visitors. A. confused B. hampered C. reversed D. perplexed 10The captain _the horizon for approaching ships. A. scanned B. scrutinized C. explored D. swigged 11Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular _for 30 million participants of all ages. A. fantasy B. pastime C. symposium D. penalty 答案及详解练习一1 on end 用于表示时间的复数可数名词之后，意为“连续地”：three days on end 一连三天；end 的其它搭配；in the end 最后，终于；by the end (of) 之后跟表示时间的名词，意为“到时间末为止”，与完成时连用; at the end在尽头。2短语 come close to（几乎、差点）中 to 是介词，后面接动名词。3 on impulse 凭一时冲动：act on impulse 意气用事。4 analogy 与介词 by 连用，表示“用类推的方法”。如用介词 on，其搭配则为on the analogy of“根据类推”。5 be indicative of“表示”。句意：该党选票数的减少表示人们对它的政策缺乏支持。6 in employment“有工作”，多指为得酬劳而受人雇用的工作。句意：甚至对于有工作的人来说，这也是一个问题。7 in shape “在形状上，在外形上”。8 set ones heart on “决定要得到，决心要做”。9 inferior to“（身份、阶级）下层；（品质、程度）较劣的”。其反义词是 superior to。inferior 是拉丁语形容词比较级，习惯要求跟介词 to（等于英语的 than）引导被比较的对象，不能用 morethan 结构。10lay off“解雇”，如：In one firm alone over three hundred people wer laid off during the last month. 上个月里仅一家公司就解雇了三百多人。lay 的其他搭配：lay aside“储存，把留待后面”；lay out“陈设，安排，布局”；lay down“制定；放下”。11operate at a profit“营利经营”。12指某方面好转或改善，用 improve (ment) in。句意：今天天气比昨天好。如 把 两 件 事 作 比 较 ， 后 发 生 的 那 一 件 比 早 先 发 生 的 好 ， 则 可 用improve(ment) on。13（1）in connection/ association with=in relation to“关于，和有关”。如：The changes of language must be studied in relation to / in connect with the society in which it is used. 研究语言的变化不能脱离其所在的社会。（2）in relation to 还表示“与相比”。句意：与其身体相比，头最大的动物是蚂蚁。14 .slap“掌击，掴，拍”，常与 across 构成习惯搭配。句意：她气得打了他一个耳光。15 show off “炫耀；卖弄”。show 的其他搭配：show up 显眼；易见；揭露真相；show sb. in/out 引领某人进入/离开某地。练习二1 amplify“扩大，增加”，尤指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大，因此“扩音器，放大器”为 amplifier。句意：将旋钮向右转，收音机音量就会增大。B enlarge“扩大”，多指将照片或具体的物品扩大；C magnify“放大”，多指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。D reinforce“增强”，强调增加尺寸或厚度，如：reinforce a bridge 加固一座桥。2 citizen 一般指具有某种国籍的公民。句意：她是英国公民，但住在印度。A inhabitant 指某一地方的常住居民；B resident 除指居民外，还可指侨民、驻外使节等；C civil“市民的，民用的。” 3 incredible 和 A credible 表被动意义。B credul