初中英语句子成分讲解 练习及答案.docx

初中英语句子成分讲解 练习及答案句子成分及基本句型 一、 考点、热点回顾 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： Lucy is a beautiful nurse. He reads newspapers every day. Smoking is harmful to the health. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. What we should do is not yet decided. 谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. We study hard. We dont finish reading the book. He can speak English. 宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now. She saysshe is ill. We often help him. He likes to play basketball. We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show，bring, pass, buy等。如：Our teacher tells us a story. The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。 间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise, refuse等。 1 间接宾语加“for”的有： make, buy, do, get, play, order, sing, pay等 I give him a book. 改成： He passes me the book. 改成： He writes me a letter. 改成： He will buy me some books. 改成： She is making me a cake. 改成： 宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。 如：They make her happy. I see her dance. Well help you to make the Olympics a success. Please let him in. We heard her singing a song. 表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 如：I am a teacher. He is always happy. They are on the playground now. It gets cold. Be动词 系动词 表保持 表改变 感官动词，seem/look，taste，smell） 如：It sounds interesting. We should all remain careful. Remain 定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 如：The black bike is mine. Whats your name? They make paper flowers. 说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语在不定代词后面。 如：I tell him something interesting. He has something to do. 说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 如：The boys in the room are in Class Four. 2 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 如：He did it carefully. We often help him. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. He sits there. A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓) 如：The sun rises. 太阳升起来。 The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。 rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。 B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾) 如：I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book. C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表) 如：Her brother is a driver. We feel happy. It gets dark.天黑了。 Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。 D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语(主谓+直宾+间宾) 如：He gives Tom a present. 他给汤姆一件礼物。 Mother make a new dress for me. 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。 E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补) 如：They call her Mary. 他们叫她Mary。 We make our classroom clean and tidy. 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。 He always makes us laugh. 他总使我们笑。 二、 典型例题 写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister. 6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill. 3 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early. 三、 课后练习 (一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother doesn't do his homework. A B C D People all over the world speak English. A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D How many new words do you learn ? A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D (二) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man is feeling very tired. A B C D Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D Soon They all become interested in the subject. A B C D She is the first to learn about it. A B C D (三) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D What is your given name? A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Does he leave any message for me? 5 典型例题答案 一.写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. 主，谓，宾，状 2. 定，状 3. 表 4. 谓，宾，状 5. 定，定 6. 谓，状 7. 谓，宾，状 8. 谓，状 9. 表 10. 表 11. 定，表 12. 状，状 课后练习 (三) D D B A B (四) D B D C B (五) C C A B B (六) C C C C D (七) D A D D A (八) us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语 6 7