Marriages in Pride and Prejudice论《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观.doc

XXXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）任务书论文（设计）题目Marriages in Pride and Prejudice学 院 外国语学院 专 业 英语（国际商务） 班 级 2006级商务2班 学 号 姓 名 2010 年 3月 1日论文（设计）选题的来源、目的与意义：来源：自选目的与意义：傲慢与偏见是奥斯汀的伟大作品，作品通过对四段婚姻的描述，反映了金钱与婚姻的密切联系。奥斯汀认为纯粹的为财产、金钱或地位而结婚是不明智的，而不考虑经济因素而结婚也是愚蠢的。她反对一味的为金钱而缔结的婚姻，她强调爱情在理想婚姻中的重要性。奥斯汀的婚姻观打破了传统的婚姻观念，具有一定的现实意义并对现代婚姻影响深远。论文（设计）的主要内容：I. IntroductionII. Four Marriages in Pride and PrejudiceIII. Influence of Austins Marriage Concept on Marriage Today IV. Conclusion进度计划（进度时间、主要工作内容）：2010年3月1日前 上交论文题目 2010年3月10日前 交论文提纲2010年4月10日前 交第一稿 2010年4月30日前 交第二稿2010年5月10日前 交第三稿 2010年5月15日-20日 答辩主要参考文献：1 Austin. Pride and Prejudice M. 上海: 上海兴界图书出版公司, 2003, 1-207.2 Gillie, Christopher. A preface to Austin M. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2005, 98-99.3 Sylvester Christine. Feminist Theory and International Relations in a Postmodern Era M. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2003, 80-91.4 Sampson George. The Concise Cambridge History of English Literature M. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1988, 198-301.5 Thornley G. C. & Roberts Gwyneth. An Outline of English Literature M. 北京：朗文世界图书出版公司, 1984, 44-45.6 常耀信. 英国文学简史 M. 天津：南开大学出版社，2000，80-120. 7 简奥斯汀，傲慢与偏见 M. 呼和浩特：内蒙古人民出版社，2002，266-304.论文（设计）工作起讫日期： 2010年2月1日 至2010年5月20日指导教师（签名） 院长/主任（签名） ContentsAbstract.1I. Introduction.1II. Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice.21. Collins and Charlottes Marriage-marriage based on money or benefit.22. Lydia and Wickhams Marriage-marriage based on vanity and carelessness.33. Jane and Mr. Bingleys Marriage-marriage based on same interests.44. Darcy and Elizabeths Marriage-marriage based on true love.4III. Influence of Austins Marriage Concept on Marriage Today.61. Womans social status in Austins age and Austins marriage concept.62. Womans social status and the marriage concept today.9IV. Conclusion.10Bibliography.11Acknowledgments.11 Marriages in Pride and Prejudice Abstract: Pride and Prejudice is Austins great work. Through the discussion of the different marriages, she perfectly reflected the relation between money and marriage at her time and gave the people in her works vivid characters. Moreover, she portrayed some reasons for the different marriage concept held by people at that time, in which the low social status of women is the most striking one. Austin thinks that marriage merely for property, money and status is absolutely wrong, but marriage without economic factors is silly. In a word, she is against the marriage for money. She regards love between two people as the basis of an ideal marriage, which breaks the traditional marriage concept and influences peoples idea of marriage nowadays. Key words: Pride and Prejudice; marriage; love论傲慢与偏见中的婚姻观内容提要：傲慢与偏见是奥斯汀的伟大作品，作品通过对四段婚姻的描述，反映了金钱与婚姻的密切联系。作品也探讨了产生不同婚姻观的原因，其中妇女不平等的社会地位尤为显著。奥斯汀认为纯粹的为财产、金钱或地位而结婚是不明智的，而不考虑经济因素而结婚也是愚蠢的。她反对一味的为金钱而缔结的婚姻，她强调爱情在理想婚姻中的重要性。奥斯汀的婚姻观打破了传统的婚姻观念，具有一定的现实意义并对现代婚姻影响深远。现代婚姻相对解脱了奥斯汀时期婚姻观的束缚，男女地位也相对平等。但彼此之间的真爱和相互尊重仍是幸福婚姻的关键。关键词: 傲慢与偏见; 婚姻; 爱情I. Introduction“Jane Austen (1775-1817) was born in Hampshire, a country priest family located in Hants, the village of Kingston, Sidemen in north England. She was a beautiful, talented middle class woman with extraordinary temperament and good cultivation. Her six novels-Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Manshifeierde Manor, Emma, Persuasion all describe more than marriage.” (Wang Shouren, 2005, 64) However, her marriage is like a blank paper in her 42 years real lifetime. Going through the finest time, but eventually without meeting a comfortable partner, she gives up her love. Going through the sweet and bitter feeling which helps her to write the great work Pride and Prejudice.“At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical. This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society. There was no equality between woman and man. Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity. The central life of women was forced to stay at home, their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.” (Zhu Hong, 1997, 34)People naturally thought that women should be submissive to their husbands. The virtues of women were patient and deferent. They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without conditions. Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny. At that time, many middle-class young women had three solutions: getting married; staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers. The income of family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well. It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, in terms of young women, especially those who dont have enough properties, to get married was the only way for them to gain respect, stability and social status. This idea forms the basis of womens marriage concept at that time.This novel takes young peoples marriage as the thread and it covers the inheritance of fortune, womens social status, ethics and customs. Being the masterpiece of Jane Austen, it comes to the extensive favor of literary lovers and experts at the same time. This paper makes an analysis of four marriages in Pride and Prejudice and discusses the influence of Austins marriage concept on present marriage.II. Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice1. Collins and Charlottes marriage-marriage based on money or benefitThe first part of Pride and Prejudice tells the marriage of Charlotte and Collins, which is lucky and natural. They get married without any expectation. Charlotte is William Lucass daughter, who is the neighbor of Lizzy Bennett. She was born of humble parentage and very mediocre in every aspect. So she has not got married even until she is 26 years old. She may be a typical questionable girl. However, there are 5 daughters in the Bennetts, the five daughters are gradually growing up to the age for marriage. So both of the two families rival mutually, especially in the eyes of the vulgar women, such rivalry was particularly tedious. Bennetts wife was especially typical; she does not give birth to a boy but five girls. The familys property couldnt be given to a daughter according to the custom at that time, and the family without a son can grant the wealth to the nephew. Thus, one of Bennett nephew-Collins can inherit the family wealth. Therefore, Mrs. Bennett has great expectations on her nephew. Though the family is not very rich, he is the final owner of Bonnet familys wealth. Mrs. Bennett felt at ease about this, and she has great hope on Collins and likes him. Catherine Collins, with the help of one of his relatives, becomes a priest. And then he goes to the home of his uncle, wanting to be home complement of Bennett. Because he has heard a lot about the arrangement of the five golden flowers of his uncles family, he is coming to try his luck here. In his mind, if he could be one son-in-low of his uncles, then he could get the property of the family. He stays at home for a long time to repay his uncles heritage and gets sympathy by the family. Informed that the eldest daughter Jane has a boyfriend, he aims at the second daughter Elizabeth Bennett in spite for his aunts interesting sake, Elizabeth has been tired of him. Eventually, she refuses him with sharp tongue. But Collins quickly finds comfort from Charlotte who desires to get love from a male and believes marriage is the elegant way for a girl with some education. Charlotte knows that the marriage without property would eventually move toward disappointment and suffering. Even if the couple loves each other deeply at first, when Collins, known as a social climber, is rejected by Elizabeth, he immediately turns to fall in love with Miss Charlotte. Although Collins is an inborn fool, his love could not move the heart of a woman, Charlotte accepts him, because her purpose is to get married. Almost all the girls born in a poor family without good education always regard marriage as the only decent way, although marriage might not necessarily bring happiness to them. She manages to arrange one of the most reliable way by marriage, thus she would not be exposed to the cold temperatures and suffer hunger in the future. She now gets a storage room. Then they get married as quickly as the lightening. Charlotte is like a rodman catching a fairly plump fish-Collins. But if he doesnt meet a setback from Elizabeth, and the encouragement of Charlotte, I am afraid that he would not be so willing to propose marriage to Charlotte. The man like Bingley who has fairly numerable money need a beautiful wife,  the poor man needs a wife with a huge wealth, like Wickham; It was lucky for Charlotte that she could gain the marriage with Collins although their marriage is not happy at all. A mediocre love, a dull marriage has been established effortlessly. Such marriage without love is too practical, so it is a kind of superficial marriage without happiness.In these marriages, it was quite interesting that the women without property really get married with those rich bachelors. However, the happiness brought by marriage to them has not accompanied the husband. In marriage, money is very important. Austin objects such marriage simply based on money. Collins is the heir of Bonnet family; he doesnt know what love is. He would state some of the inappropriate remarks at any time. Charlotte gets married for money. Eventually she gets nothing more than a rich man, though she has economic security. She doesnt care about her husbands accompanying and love. She encourages him to clean up the garden more. She sets his living-room in the small house absent of even a small number of sunshine. When her husband makes gaffe in front of their friends, she ignores and turns a deaf ear. Such arrangement for the story is a perfect irony for “the truth universally acknowledged” at the beginning of the novel. The author expresses great sympathy to the tragic fate of the women at that time and those who had to marry because of economic restraints by the description of the marriage of Charlotte.2. Lydia and Wickhams marriage-marriage based on vanity and carelessnessThe second marriage is between Bennetts third daughter Lydia and Wickham, the son of the housekeeper. Originally he is well-treated by the family and the friends. However, he comes down in the world because of his misbehavior. He gets into debt. So he wants to get money and become rich and change his social status through marriage, which is a way to approach the talents. He is a man without any responsibility. He does nothing except assailing a woman with obscenities. In his opinion, love is only recreation. For his purpose, he entices Lydia and gets her love easily, because she is young, innocent and vainglorious, and loves to go ease and hates to work hard, and is spoilt by her mother. Getting love and praise of a boy is her dream. So when Wickham wants to reach his aim-getting wealth by love, he exalts her beauty hypocritically. Lydia, impulsive, credulous and blindly following, she forgets who she is and feels she is the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world. Their love does not get the permission from the parents, and then they elope. They spend money without restraint, and they are unable to make ends meet. When Elizabeth hears the news, she believes that their love is false, Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she is no charming and has nothing to attract him, He does not love her but the wealth of her family. The marriage is admitted on the condition of Darcys help. For sake of Elizabeth, Darcy gave them a sum of money to let them get out of difficulties. At the same time, this swindler prepares to climb another woman for a sum of money. Their marriage is considered to be a scandal in Bennetts family. But Mrs. Bennet is not disgraceful to this marriage. When Collins gets the news, of course, he is very angry and reacts to the marriage to revenge his early failure of proposal to her. This marriage is one without love. They dont know the real meaning of marriage. They only want to satisfy their aspiration. So we can say this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility which is doomed to be a tragedy.3. Jane and Mr. Bingleys marriage-marriage based on same interestsThe third marriage is one of the eldest daughter Jane and Mr. Bingley. Bingley is a friend of Darcy. His sister loves Darcy very much and she expects Bingley to get married with Darcys sister Georgiana, because she wants to get love from Darcy in this way, which also reflects her selfishness. The marriage of the able man-Bingley and the beautiful girl-Jane is ideal in most peoples eyes. Bolobbyist, a politician, at the end of the 18th century, said that upbringing was more important than law, because it could promote moral, help to realize moral or ruin moral. Thus it could be concluded that upbringing played very important role in life a