culture,image and translation.doc

Relevance and Adjustability: A Study of Translating Process in Cultural Image Renderings翻译过程的关联顺应研究文化意象处理举隅翻译过程; 关联-顺应; 认知和谐; 明示推理过程; 动态顺应过程; 语篇释意交际过程; 语篇产出交际过程; 文化意象处理; translating process; relevance-adjustability; cognitive consonance; ostensive-inferential process; dynamically-adjusting process; discourse-interpreting communicative process （DICP）; discourse-producing communicative process（DPCP）; cultural image renderings;本文以文化意象的翻译为个案,从“关联顺应研究路向”的语用学视角对翻译过程进行了研究。该研究视角是,本文作者在Sperber和Wilson的关联理论以及Verschueren的顺应论的基础上尝试性构建出的一个理论体系,其旨在研究翻译过程申译者大脑思维运作的动态过程。本文描述了译者的大脑信息处理机制如何促使他与原文作者和译文读者进行跨文化交际。本研究的范围涉及译者的思维能力,研究的目标在于揭示译者交际能力的潜在可能性。其主要目的是用我们构建的理论体系来阐释翻译过程。 “关联顺应研究路向”是一个跨文化的、以译者为中心的理论范式。在该理论框架中,我们认为,翻译既是一个寻找关联的明示推理过程,又是一个动态的顺应过程。即,译者在原文认知语境中寻找关联,在译文认知语境中作出动态顺应。在翻译过程中,译者站在原文作者和译文读者之间与其进行跨文化交际。在正确认知处理原文作者的交际意图之后,译者是以确保译文读者认知和谐的方式与他们进行交际的。译者调动其现有的认知资源并发挥其主体意识在原文认知语境中寻找最佳关联,以及在译语认知语境中以变异、协商、顺应的方式进行语言选择。在找到与原文作者交际意图相匹配的最佳关联之前,以. The present research is a pragmatic exploration of the translating process in cultural image renderings from the perspective of Relevance-Adjustability Theoretic Approach (RATA in short). This approach is tentatively cultivated by the author on the basis of Sperber's and Wilson's Relevance Theory and Verschueren's Adaptation Theory to investigate the workings of the translator's mind. It intends to give an account of how the information-processing faculties of the translator's mind enable him to carry on cr.On the Translation of Chinese Cultural Images论中国文化意象的翻译在中国古典文学作品中，文化意象的运用比比皆是。中国文化意象言简意赅，幽默生动，常常成为原著中的点睛之笔；与此同时，这些文化意象本身又承载着丰富的中国文化信息，往往会激发起中国读者无限的遐想。但是，当我们阅读英译本时，经常遗憾地发现，这些在原著中熠熠生辉的文化意象不是“难觅踪迹”就是“改头换面”，偶尔“抛头露面”时也已失去其在原著中的风采。文化意象在中国古典文学作品中的重要性毋庸质疑，其翻译上的难度也显而易见，而文化意象翻译本身也与翻译学研究领域中诸多争议性较大的问题紧密相连。因此，笔者决定对该课题进行深入研究，以探索翻译中国古典文学作品中的文化意象的有效途径。文化意象并非中国文化所独有，而当译者将中国文化意象译成不同种语言时，亦会面临不同的问题。为使研究在深度上得以延展，笔者将专注于中国文化意象的英译，但本论文的研究成果可在一定条件下适用于其他文化间的文化意象的翻译。 论文的第一部分首先明确了文化意象的定义，并对文化意象的含义和功能进行了探讨。本论文所涉及的文化意象是指，在特定的文化情景中在读者的脑海里间接地触发对某一事物的联想的文学手法；文化意象的含义源于作者与读者的双向交流，而文化意象的含义也.文学翻译中文化"传真"的制约因素与形象转换On the Limit Factors and Image Change in the Cultural "Fax" in Literary Translation文学翻译要求译语从文化的角度准确再现原语所要传达的意义,文化"传真"是翻译的理想的目标。由于英汉民族的思维方式和文化背景不同,同一形象所承载的语义可能就不尽相同。为了唤起译语读者脑海里的直接的意象,翻译时应尽可能地保留原语形象,并根据译语的文化及语言习惯决定异化或归化,在再现形象、转换形象、增添形象与舍弃形象之间作出选择。In literary translation, the translated version should, from the perspective of culture, make exact re-expression of the meaning of the source text, and cultural "fax" is the ideal target of translation. Thanks to the difference of thinking mode and culture background between Chinese and English people, a same image may carry quite different meanings. In order to arouse the reader's direct imago, a translator should try his best to keep the images in the source text, and should, according to the cultural an.从文学翻译中错位文化意象的处理谈起:翻译文学一定要保留“洋装”么?论英汉翻译中的形象转换On the Transformation of Cultural Images in the C-E/E-C Proverb Translation论英汉谚语互译中文化意象的转换谚语是语义相对完整的固定句子。使用时可作为句子成分,也可以作为独立的交际单位,表达完整的思想。谚语反映人们对自然社会,人类生活,社会环境以及历史地理等方面的知识。它最大的特点是表达人民群众在生产和日常生活中、各种社会活动中积累的丰富经验,闪耀着人民智慧的火花。其作为人类文化的宝贵遗产表达人们的智慧,思想和文化。此外,它作为民族语言和文化的精华具有丰富的文化内涵,包含在许多谚语中的文化意象具有强烈的文化色彩。实际上,谚语中的每个文化意象代表着一种文化。翻译不仅仅是语言而且是文化信息的转换,其内容来自于文化,因此在英汉谚语互译中成功地转换文化意象是非常关键的。本文拟从文化翻译观的角度探讨英汉谚语互译中文化意象转换的问题,力求解决两个问题:(1)什么是英汉谚语互译中文化意象转换的原因?(2)如何从文化翻译观的视角进行英汉谚语互译中文化意象的转换? 本文采取定性的分析方法,其理论基础是文化翻译观。20世纪80年代,英国翻译理论家苏珊·巴斯奈特提出翻译研究方法应该把翻译单位从人们所接受的语篇转移到文化转换。文化翻译观的具体含义:第一:翻译因以文化作为翻译的单位,而不应停留在以前的语篇之上;第二,翻译不. Proverb is a fixed sentence with relatively complete semantic. Once used, it can be taken as a componential part of a sentence and an individual communicative unit to express complete ideas. Proverb reflects peoples knowledge towards natural society, mankinds life, social phenomenon, history, geography and so on. The most outstanding characteristic of it is to express rich experience which the masses accumulate in production, daily life and all kinds of social activities, radiating sparks of people.论翻译中文化意象的失落与歪曲翻译的任务必须包括忠实地再现原作的文化意象 ,只有实现文化意象对接和信息连通的翻译 ,才是有效的翻译。译者的文化态度和双语文化知识在成功的翻译中起着决定性的作用。语言的转换只是表层 ,而文化意象的传递才是翻译的实质This paper attempts at an analysis of the loss and skewing of the cultural images in English-Chinese translation and vice versa. The author illustrates with relevant theories and examples the unusual point that one task of translator is to reproduce the lively cultural images embodied in source language. It is pointed out that effective translation comes from translators' exertion with different cultural images linked and information unblocked. A translator's cultural attitude and bilingual cultural knowled.英汉翻译中文化意象的失落与错位Disnature and Dislocation of Cultural Imagein the Translation between English and Chinese通过对文化意象的概念和表现类型的阐释,列举了英汉翻译中文化意象失落与错位现象的部分实例,指出了传递文化意象的途径与方法。Through illustrating the concept and types of cultural image, the paper gives a series of examples to analyze disnature and dislocation of cultural image, and points out the ways how to convey cultural image.语境与文化意象的理解和传译The Understanding and Translation of Cultural Images Viewed from Context Analysis从文化语境的角度看英汉习语翻译LOOKING AT THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH AND CHINESE IDIOMS FROM THE ANGLE OF CULTURAL CONTEXT文化词语翻译的意象构建从格式塔意象再造的角度谈红楼梦中大观园花园意象的诠译On the Translation of the Garden Image in Hong Lou Meng from the Pespective of Gestalt Image Actualization读者需要想象的空间略论意象翻译Leaving Some Room for Readers' ImaginationOn Imagery Translation意象是一种形象思维,常通过语言的各种修辞手段表现出来。用语言表达出来的意象蕴涵着丰富文化内容,且特具民族特色,这给翻译工作带来了极为棘手的难题。但随着大众传播媒介越来越普及,跨文化交流的日益扩大,势必影响读者的文化素质不断提高。本文认为翻译工作者不应再充当"保姆"的角色,在翻译意象时,应尽量保留它们的文化内涵,留给读者一些想象空间,具体的方法应以直译为主,辅之以注释法和文外加注法。Imagery is a mode of thinking by means of image-building. Images thus formed are embodied by figures of speech. Images expressed in language contain rich culturally specific content, characteristic of a certain nation. Images present a hard nut for translators to crack. With the mass media being increasingly popularized, however, cross-cultural communication will be equally on the increase, which will, in turn, improve readers' cultivation. The present paper argues that translators are no longer supposed to.语境与文化意象的理解和传译The Understanding and Translation of Cultural Images Viewed from Context Analysis文化意象是在文化环境下生成的一种文化符号 ,具有语境依赖性。本文首先对文化意象进行界定 ,再对语境进行分析 ,并以此为基点探讨文化意象的理解和传译问题 ,旨在说明 :(1)文化意象的判定是认知主体的主观阐释和诸种潜在相关客观参数 (语境参数 )的合力作用的结果 ;(2 )与文化意象相关的原语语境和译语语境的关联性将直接影响文化意象翻译策略和手段的择取。Cultural images, cultural signs resulted from the related cultural environments, are context dependent. This paper defines the cultural image, and with a context-based approach, makes a sample study of the understanding and translation of source cultural images. The paper holds that meaning generations of source cultural images result from combined influences of subjective interpretations and objective referential parameters, and that the translator's accurate assessment of the relevance between the target .中文“形象对举”翻译策略的语言理据An Exploration into Lin Yutang's Linguistic Treatment of Chinese "Paired Images" in Translation中文“形象对举”翻译策略的语言理据本研究首先对中文表达的“形象对举”问题进行尝试性描述,继而就形象对举翻译背后的语言学理据进行探讨。 研究选取浮生六记英汉对照本进行分析,主要基于两点理由。其一,该书原文50%形象表达呈现出对举特征。其二,笔者在细读浮生英译文的过程中发现译者对于形象对举的翻译处理格外审慎。研究通过对浮生中对举形象及其翻译策略的鉴别与分类,力求从语言学的角度探讨不同分类背后的理据。主要结论如下。 浮生中对举形象的结构分析表明形象对举主要分布于四字或二字联合结构中。该结构集中体现了中文特有的排偶表达。排偶表达的基础是中文特有的单音字体系和意合性语法。浮生中的对举形象均出现于排偶表达之中。由此可以推论形象对举是中文表达的特征之一。所以,对其翻译进行研究是十分必要的。 浮生中的对举形象主要以比喻和借代的方式出现。在翻译过程中,林保留了几乎所有比喻对举形象,而借代对举形象90%予以放弃,10%在解释的基础上加以保留。 林的处理方式可以从语言学上进行阐释。比喻的运行机制为相似性,而借代为相关性。相似性本质上具有歧义,可以进行多元解读。从经济原则出发,解决歧义复杂性的最佳途径. The present research is intended to explore the linguistic motivation for the treatment of image pairing in translation on the basis of tentative description of image pairing in Chinese expressions. The bilingual version of“Six Chapters of a Floating Life”(thereafter“Floating Life”for short) was chosen for analysis for two reasons: one is that 50% of the images in the original is used in pairs, and the other Lin Yutang was found to be highly scrupulous in treating paired images when the researcher.论翻译中文化意象的保留On the Retention of Cultural Image in Translation俗语中的文化意象及其翻译论文化意象与跨文化交际On Cultural Images and Intercultural Communication文化意象是一种文化符号,它们渗透在语言里,具有独特、广阔、深沉的文化内涵。了解和掌握不同文化中的文化意象在跨文化交际中有着极其深远的意义。Cultural image is a kind of cultural symbol.It has unique,wide,deep meaning by infiltrating in the language.It has deep significance by understanding and mastering the cultural images in different languages in intercultural communication.论英汉语中动物文化意象的错位On the Misplacement of the Cultural images of Animals in Chinese and EnglishMilky Way与“牛奶路”试论文学翻译中文化意象的异化处理On the Foreignization of Cultural Images in Literature Translation文化意象作为一种特殊的民族文化符号往往具有丰富的文化内涵和联想意义 ,因而文学翻译中应尽可能进行异化处理 ,在的语文本中予以保留。试从时代要求、翻译研究潮流、翻译的本质、对等翻译以及审美格局再现原则等方面论证文化意象异化处理的必要性和合理性 ,并提出一些切实可行的操作方法 ,呼吁广大译者在处理文化意象时把尽量异化作为一个总的原则 ,以更好地促进思想文化交流。As a special kind of national cultural symbol,cultural images contain rich cultural connotations and connotative meanings,and thus should be retained as often and much as possible in the target language text by employing the foreignization strategy.This paper attempts to discuss the imperativeness and validity of the foreignization of cultural images in literature translation in terms of the requirement of the present age,the prevailing advocacy of the recent translation research circle,the nature of transl.诗歌翻译的意象重构英诗汉译中意象的翻译手法How to render images of English poetry into Chinese ones诗歌翻译中文化意象的处理翻译中文化意象问题研究On Cultural Images in Translating跨文化的意象传递Images Across Cultures论文化意象在翻译中的处理On the Tackling of Cultural Image in Translation翻译的跨文化解释Inter-Cultural Interpretation in Translation翻译活动中的文化意识Culture Consciousness in Translation Activity文化与语言有着密切关系。语言是文化的载体，文化又深深根植于语言。文化与翻译的关系，是基于文化与语言关系的研究之上。翻译活动不仅涉及语言问题，也涉及文化问题。翻译应从传统的字面翻译过渡到文化翻译，应转向学科意义上的跨文化的翻译研究。由于文化差异的存在，文化词汇蕴涵的文化意义极其产生的文化联想意义大不相同，语言、词语中蕴涵着不同民族的文化差异，成为翻译的难题。文化因素影响和制约了翻译，翻译不仅要克服语言的障碍，更要克服文化的障碍。 翻译活动的目的之一是文化传播，文化传播是翻译的社会功能。译者应把翻译看作是跨越语言和文化的信息交流，时时保持警觉的文化意识，对原文文化含量比较高的词语处理中采取不同的方式，使词语中的文化因素在译文中得以体现。译文既要保持原文的风貌，最大限度的传达原文特定的内涵，又要顾及读者的接受习惯，实现文化交流的功能。尤其需要指出的是，在翻译中国文学作品时，译者有责任尽可能将中国的文化介绍给西方读者。 纽马克提出针对不同的文本类型，应采用不同的翻译处理方法语义翻译和交际翻译。本论文认为，在采用语义翻译的同时，为了达到文化交融的目的，我们更应采取交际翻译。本文提. Cultural concept, which underlies the variety of language usages and language habits, comes to be the key area of translation studies. This thesis explores the relation between culture, language and translation. The cultural elements in language and the differences between Chinese and western cultures as reflected in translation are analysed. Due to the cultural differences, culture-loaded words evoke different associative meanings. Translation activity is much complicated because of the cultural con.论文化意象与跨文化交际On Cultural Images and Intercultural Communication文化意象是一种文化符号,它们渗透在语言里,具有独特、广阔、深沉的文化内涵。了解和掌握不同文化中的文化意象在跨文化交际中有着极其深远的意义。Cultural image is a kind of cultural symbol.It has unique,wide,deep meaning by infiltrating in the language.It has deep significance by understanding and mastering the cultural images in different languages in intercultural communication.浅谈文化意象的翻译谈翻译中植物词汇文化意象的传递古诗词中文化意象的“不可译”现象兼谈文化意象的解读与审美再谈“文化意象” On Cultural Images谢天振教授虽然在1999年提出"文化意象"这一术语,并强调了其在翻译中的重要作用,但却并未将它和传统的意象进行对比,指出其差别,导致文化意象与传统意象的混淆,未能将"文化意象"更好的理论化。Though Xie Tianzhen advanced "cultural images" and stressed its important role in translation,he did not compare it with traditional images and to point out their differences,resulting in confusion between the two so that cultural images were not theorized.从文化意象的翻译谈等值翻译理论的局限性诗歌翻译中文化意象的处理诗歌翻译中的意象再造乡愁的两个英译本简析On image actualization in poetry translation本文主要对比了乡愁的两个英文译本的视象和音象,指出意象再造是诗歌翻译的灵魂,事关诗歌翻译的成败。同时,本文作者指出诗歌翻译中的政治因素也是意象再造翻译过程中的一个不容忽视的因素。This article gives a brief contrast of visual and audial images in the two English renditions of Nostalgia, and emphasizes that image actualization is of great significance in poetry translation. Besides, its author also points out that political factor should be reckoned with in the process of translation.认知语境对中诗英译中意象再现的制约认知语境是语用学的一个重要概念,本文拟从认知语境的角度出发对诗歌英译中意象再现的制约进行探讨,分析了诗人、原诗读者、译者、译诗读者的认知语境及各自对诗歌意象再现的制约,着重分析译诗读者受到诗歌译者和诗人认知语境的双重制约而导致意象的再现受到制约,解释诗歌意象在译诗读者头脑中的再现问题,说明认知语境在翻译过程中的重要作用不可忽视。Cognitive context is a key conception in the study of pragmatics.This paper is a tentative study on the restrictions of image reproduction in C-E classical poetry translation from the prospective of cognitive context.It analyzes the restrictions of image reproduction by cognitive contexts of the author,the translator,the reader of the original poetry,and the target reader of the translated poetry,with emphasis on the restrictions by the cognitive context of the poet and the translator of the poetry on the r.Dealing with Cultural Imagery Ontranslation浅谈文化意象在翻译中的处理不同的民族由于其各自不同的生存环境,文化传统,往往会形成其独特的文化意象。本文从文化传统方面分析了文化意象的差异。Different nationalities will form special cultural imagery on account of different living spaces and cultural traditions. This article will analyse the differences of cultural imageries of cultural tradition.意象与文学翻译Image and Literary Translation意象概念可以从三方面理解,即作者创作中的心象、语言表达出的物化的符号形式和读者阅读时头脑展现的审美意象系统。在文学翻译中意象有个体和整体之分。整体意象决定着个体意象的翻译。翻译的目的在于保持整体意象完整性和读者审美感受的最大限度对等。Image can be understood from three perspectives, namely, the original image in the author's mind, the image actualized in language and the aesthetic image represented in readers' mind during the reading process. In literary translation, the concept composes two senses: holistic image and individual image. Holistic image determines the translation of individual images. The purpose of translation is to reproduce an integral holistic image and achieve the maximum aesthetic equivalence.诗歌翻译中意象的改变浅淡诗歌翻译中意象问题的处理试谈英语翻译中的文化意象文化意象的翻译方法英汉文化意象比较及翻译不同的物象附带的文化内涵在英汉民族文化中既具有共性 ,又存在着差异。本文将对文化意象的表现形式及意蕴进行探讨并论及翻译方法This paper not only makes an attempt to probe cultural similarities and dissimilarities between Chinese culture and English culture through a number of cultural images, but also puts forward several acceptable methods to translate them.从语用动态顺应论看汉英谚语的文化意象翻译研究On Translating Cultural Images in Chinese and English Proverbs from the Pragmatic Perspective of Dynamics of Adaptability谚语是语言的重要组成部分，经过了漫长历史岁月的千锤百炼，通过运用诸多表现手法与修辞手段而形成。谚语句式短小却韵味隽永、寓意深刻，是文化宝库中极富表现力的一种语言形式。它们源于群众的生活经验和教训，以口头或书面形式得以广泛传诵，成为我们交际中亮丽的一部分。英汉谚语中蕴含大量的文化意象，由于历史、地理、社会结构、种族、习俗、价值观、思维方式、宗教信仰、道德情操的不同，给翻译带来难题。如何既能忠实地表达谚语中的文化意象原有的意义，又尽可能保持他们的形象的比喻、丰富的联想、修辞效果以及其民族、地方特色等，这一直是翻译界关注的重点。 在翻译研究与其他学科的发展紧密相连的今天，借鉴其它学科的理论营养可以促进译学的发展与完善。语言学家Verschueren在其理解语用学一书中提出了“顺应论”，为研究语言运用提供了新的视角。该理论认为，“使用语言的过程就是选择语言的过程”。动态顺应是该理论的一个重要概念，是顺应论的核心，主要指“语言使用中意义的动态生成”。语言选择过程的动态顺应可以从三个方面得到体现：(1)时间顺应。(2)不同语境对语言选择的制约。(3)语言线性结构的灵活变化。 本文旨在分析顺应. As a vital part of language, proverbs characterized with their specific brevity, humor and wisdom show great charm. Most of them originate from the experiences of ordinary people and are handed down in oral or written form from generation to gener