数控机床的人性化设计方法毕业论文外文翻译.doc

Method of Humanity Design for Numerical Control Machine ToolXiaowei Jiang，Xianchun ChengInstitute of Mechanical Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, ChinaAbstract：In view of the humanity design problem of the existing numerical control machine tool, the author states her own personal design idea. So the author makes an exploration on method of humanity design for components of numerical control machine tool, including the monitor, the console, the control device and protection device. At last, several key points that must be followed by the humanity design of the color of numerical control machine tool have been pointed out.Keywords: Numerical Control Machine Tool, Humanity Design, Color Design1. IntroductionIt is can be discovered from the successive international exhibition of numerical control machine tool that the numerical control machine tool designed excellently tool machine, has already got away from the ice-cold and mechanical "not friendly" feature, and got away from the characteristic of disobeying person's nature, and becomes more friendly, more sweet, and more according with physiology and mental need of modern people. It is inevitable trend that numerical control machine tool develops facing humanization direction 1. Therefore, studying the method of humanity design for numerical control machine tool is a topic which has important theoretical meaning and realistic meaning.2. Present Development Situation of Numerical Control Machine ToolNumerical control machine tool is one kind of highly effective automated precision machine tool that has been developed by comprehensively applying microelectronic technology, computer technology,automatic control, precision measurement and machine tool structures newest achievements, is one kind of model integration of machinery product 2.In the modern technique of manufacture system, the numerical control machine tool occupies an important status. And it has a very important effect on manufacturing industry realizing flexibility automation, integration and intellectualism. The numerical control technology and the numerical control equipment are the important foundation of the industry modernization. And whether this foundation is reliable directly affects a national economic development and the comprehensive national strength, which relates to a nations strategic status.Though our numerical control machine tool already has a very big development, and in the function design, has gradually approached the advanced level in the world. But in the humanization design, our numerical control machine tool still exists a lot of problems, for example, neglecting humanized require for the modeling design of numerical control machine tool, so that our numerical control machine tool exists numerous problems, such as the body is huge and bulky, the color is monotonous and dull, the display device is not easy to observe, the control system lacks man-machine nature and is inconvenient to operate. Although many numerical control machine tools have the same function as the foreign ones, they could not reach a same market competition ability. Therefore, studying the method of humanity design for numerical control machine tool, has already become an urgent problem in the manufacturing industry of numerical control machine tool 3.3.Method of Humanity Design for Components of Numerical Control Machine ToolThe numerical control machine tool is the manufacturer of the whole machines manufacture and the most important constituent part of equipment manufacturing industry. With the progress of the age and the improvement of peoples appreciation ability of the beauty, it presents higher request to numerical control machine tool, that is, the numerical control machine tool should not only have high-tech function and good function, but also have a pleasant effect which makes person feel work delightful, decreases tired and pleases the eye. Therefore, the color and material choice of numerical control machine tool effects the whole felling which numerical control machine tool gives person.The good console design, can make the operator quickly identify and can't take place a mistake operation and ensure accuracy and efficiency, comfort and convenience of operation. The number monitor put inside the normal scope of vision can raise the accuracy and efficiency of recognizing and reading, and can also ease the vision tiring for a long time watching.3.1 Monitor DesignNo matter what monitor, wants to attain to provide accurate, quick and convenient vision information, of which the design should accord to the person's vision characteristic, and conducts according to the best observation fashion of person. Raising the accuracy and efficiency of recognizing and reading, the better vision distance of monitor and person is in the scope of 560 mm750 mm, which can ease the vision tiring for a long time watching and be easy to observe for operator and can attain quick and accurate control when delivering the information to person.3.2 Console DesignIn console design, the key is that the arrangement of the console and monitor should be located in the normal scope of operation space, ensuring that the operator could well observe the necessary monitor, operate all the controllers, and provide comfortable operation posture for long-term operation. Sometimes, the console also has operation area at the side before operator, certainly all these districts have to be within the area of seeing and reaching. Therefore, the design of console height and work zone should accord to the person's size parameter and machine mechanics parameter, sufficiently considering the influence of numerical control machine tool upon the person, reasonably choosing various parameter and making person easy to operate, not tired and easy to observe process situation, which builds up a kind of best working environment.3.3 Design of Control DeviceThe control device which converts the operators output signal into the machines input signal is adevice that transports the persons information to the machine, in order to adjust and change the machine status. Therefore, the design of control device firstly should sufficiently consider the figure, the physiology the mental state, the physical strength and the ability of operator. The size, and shape of control device should adapt to the sport characteristic of the person's hand or feet, and the strength scope should be placed in the best scope of human body strength, could not outrun the extreme limit of human body strength. The important or using frequently control device should arrange in the space scope where the persons responding is the most sensitive, the operation is the most convenient, and the body could attain. The design of control device still needs to consider enduring nature, revolve speed, external appearance and energy consuming. The control device is an important constituent part in man-machine system, of which the design whether proper, relates to the normal safety movement of the whole system 4.3.4 Design of Protection DeviceProtection device, which exclusively provides a safe protection by the object obstacle, which includes machine hull, cover, screen, door, lid, close type device and others, is a constituent part of numerical control machine tool. The protection device could be used alone, as well as be used through uniting with allied lock device together. If used alone, only when closed, can it have a protection function; If used through uniting with allied lock device together, no matter what positions, it could have a protection function.4.Method of Humanity Design for the Color of Numerical Control Machine ToolThe color design is an important constituent part of the modeling design of numerical control machine tool, as color has more ocular, more strong and more attractive magic power than the body. The color could firstly influence the person's sense organs than the body, moreover, that could raise operator recognizing and watching degree to some operation controls, show instrument and appearance by making use of vision recognizing effect and psychology of color, sequentially, the function of these device could be well developed, and the mental request of operator could be satisfied and the work efficiency could be enhanced, in the meantime, the occurrence of production could be also reduced. The humanity design of the color of numerical control machine tool should follow the following few important points.4.1 Satisfy the Request of Man-machine CoordinationThe color design of numerical control machine tool should well embody the relation of man-machine coordination, so as to make operators mood pleasant, have a sense of security, don't easily produce fatigue, and then attain to the purpose of operating accurately and enhancing production efficiency. For example, generally, the base and body of numerical control machine tool properly adopt heavy and solid deep color,not only bearing dirty but also making person have the dependable sense of stability to machine. The workbench, sliding plate and other parts are the components that person usually use, which properly adopt bright color, so as to get rid of depressed feeling, satisfying the request of operating accurately and man-machine coordination.4.2 Satisfy the Request of Environment and FunctionThe color should well express the function characteristic of product, and mutually coordinate with the use environment. If the greasy dirt of use environment is serious, usually the dark color is proper for bearing greasy dirt. The color of the panel of numerical control machine tool generally properly use the neutral base color of low bright degree and low pure degree, contrasting with component color, so as to enhance the vision recognizing degree. The panel should have no strong reflection and dazzle light. The color of display part should be obvious and refreshing, but not dazzle eye. The color of caution part should be fresh and gorgeous to come into notice, and the color of concealment part should be quiet.4.3 Value the Choice of ToneThe choice of main tone of numerical control machine tool is a problem of very importance, the different tone will form different art effect. In matching color of numerical control machine tool, having main tone can seem to be to unify. The color is more little, the main body characteristic is more strong, the decorate characteristic is more good, and the external form relation of numerical control machine tool is more unify. Contrary, the color matches more much, causing the color more disorderly, so that it is difficult to adjust generally, the main body characteristic is unclear and the harmonious effect is broken.The choice of tone still needs to notice whether unique beauty. It needs to hold tight people's mental request for the color of numerical control machine tool, transform the tone of numerical control machine tool to make it produce an unusual attraction, in the meantime, increase the category of tone to satisfy people's fondness for different colors.Moreover, the base, the body and other big pieces of numerical control machine tool are suitable to use a low pure degree color as the main body color, and use clear, elegant and clean color to unify overall situation to make the main tone definite. Using little area of high purity color to embellish to make the whole seem to be abundant, change and organic. The whole color generally uses monochrome or two sets of colors, not more than three sets of colors 5.4.4 Notice NoveltyThe color design of numerical control machine tool should notice novelty and creativity to make it have vitality and more competitiveness. The color of numerical control machine tool not only can satisfy the request for appreciating beauty, under the particular condition, but also has strong influence, which can cause the transfer of people's emotion and interest to attract people's attention. For example, on an international industrial product exhibition, a red numerical control machine tool produced by Germany appeared in the mechanical exhibition hall. Though the red is not the color that the numerical control machine tool consistently uses, the factory surprisingly adopted red color to decorate numerical control machine tool, causing the purchaser to crowd in its vicinity and then understood its function characteristics, which produced a surprising sensation effect and made its order enormously exceeded other nation. It is thus clear that the novelty of color design is very important.4.5 Match the New Age Request of Appreciation BeautyWith the progress of the age, the improvement of people's living standard and the increase of cultural art accomplishment, the appreciating beauty standards also change. In a certain period or a certain region or world scope, some colors are popular of people and are extensively popular, becoming the "popular color". The "popular color" has a strong age characteristic, as a result, in a period, it become the color which is used extensively. The color design of numerical control machine tool also should sufficiently consider using the "popular color" to accord with the age request.References1 Yang Dongmei, Gao Bingxue and Jiang Ke: Modern Manufacturing Engineering Vol. 2 (2003), p. 542 Zhang Dequan, Chen Sifu and Lin Bin: Mechanical Manufacturing Equipment and Design (Tianjin University Press, Tianjin 2003).3 Xiaowei Jiang and Xianchun Cheng: Research on Modeling Design of Numerical Control Machine Tool, volume 1 of 2010 International Conference on Computer-Aided Manufacturing and Design, IEEE Publications (2010), p. 2704 Zhan Xiong: Art Design of Machine (Hunan University Press, Changsha 1999).5 Liming Fu: Research on Modeling Design of Industrial Product (Jilin People Press, Changchun 2002).附 录 B数控机床的人性化设计方法姜晓巍，程宪春中国吉林长春，长春大学机械工程学院，130022摘要：针对人类现有的数控机床设计问题，作者有她个人的设计理念。因此作者在探索人性设计数控机床的组件中包括监控控制台，控制装置和保护装置。最后，这几个要点都必须遵循人类设计的数控机床时已经定下的标准色彩。关键字：数控机床；人性设计；色彩设计1 介绍我们可以发现那些连续在国际展览设计出色的数控机床已经远离了冰冷的和机械的“不友好”特性，并远离了违反人性的特点，反而变得更友好，更甜蜜，更符合现代人的生理和心理需求。这是不可避免的趋势，数控机床朝着人性化方向发展1。因此，研究人性化设计数控机床是一个具有重要理论意义和现实意义的主题。2 数控机床的发展现状数控机床是一种高效的自动化精密机械工具，是涉及了综合应用微电子技术、计算机技术、自动控制、精密测量和机床结构的最新成就，是一种机械产品的模型集成2。在现代制造技术系统中,数控机床占有重要地位。它对制造业实现灵活性自动化、集成和知性美有着非常重要的影响。数控技术和数控装备是工业现代化的重要基础，而这个基础是否可靠直接影响一个国家经济发展和综合国力，关系到一个国家的战略地位。虽然我国的数控机床已经有了很大的发展，功能设计已逐渐接近世界先进水平。但是在人性化设计方面，我们的数控机床仍然存在很多问题。例如忽视了人性化需要的数控机床建模设计，由此暴露了我国的数控机床存在众多问题。如床身巨大而笨重，颜色单调和枯燥，显示设备不容易观察，控制系统缺乏人机自然性和操作不方便等缺点。因而虽然许多数控机床和外国的一样都有相同的参数，我们却不能达到同样的市场竞争能力。因此，对数控机床人性化设计的研究，已经成为数控机床制造业一个迫在眉睫的课题3。3 人性化设计数控机床组成部分的方法数控机床是生产制造业和装备制造业最重要的组成部分。随着时代的进步和人们对于美好事物鉴赏力的提高，对数控机床提出了更高的要求。这将意味着，数控机床不仅要具有高科技和良好的功能，也要有一个愉快的效果，使人感到愉快地工作，减少疲劳感。因此，数控机床的颜色和材料的选择就影响了整个数控机床给人的感觉。例如好的控制台设计，可使操作者快速识别，不会发生