小学中师生关系对教学的影响教育学毕业论文(中英文双语).doc

The teacher-student relationship in elementary school（小学中师生关系对教学的影响）Outline. 当前小学师生关系的现状与解析The situation and analysis of current teacher-student relationship in elementary school1. 对师生关系的调查与分析The investigation and analysis on teacher-student relationship2. 互动是师生关系的重要内涵The interaction is important in teacher-student relationship.3.平等互动是现代小学师生关系的核心因素The equality and interaction is the core factor in modern teacher-student relationship in elementary school. . 师生平等互动关系的透视与建构Perspective and constructing teacher-student equal and interactive relationship1. 师生民主平等是师生平等互动关系的基础Teacher-student democracy and equality are the basis of teacher-student equal and interactive relationship2.师生互动是平等互动师生关系的内容与手段The teacher-student interaction is the content and means of equal and interactive teacher-student relationship.3.平等互动关系是现代小学师生关系的核心因素 Equality and interaction relationship is the core factor in modern teacher-student relationship. . 建构师生平等互动关系应遵循的基本原则The basic principals kept in constructing equality and interaction relationship between teachers and students. 建构师生平等互动关系促进教育教学焕发生命的活力Promote the teaching and education with living energy by constructing equality and interaction relationship between teachers and studentsAbstract师生关系是现代学校教育过程中人与人之间最基本、最重要、最活跃的关系。在社会发展的不同时期，师生关系的性质及其处理方式发生了显著变化，存在着诸多差异。如今人类社会正在进入信息化时代，教师在文化知识传递、信息传播上的统治地位动摇了。单一的、授受式的师生关系限制了学生主动地、愉悦地学习，同样也制约了教师教育思想的解放和教学创造力的发挥。本文从研究知识经济背景下如何建立新型师生关系出发，认为平等互动是师生关系的核心要素，建立师生之间平等互动的关系对建设现代小学新型教师队伍，创设良好的、适应素质教育发展的学校文化氛围具有一定的理论价值。Teacher-student relationship is the most basic, most important and most active relations among people in modern school education. In the different stages of social development, the nature of teacher-student relationship and its treatment methods have changed significantly and there are many differences in it. Nowadays, the human society is entering into the era of information, so that the teachers dominant position in the cultural knowledge transfer and information dissemination is shaken a lot, for the single and traditional tell-listen teaching relationship between teachers and students constraint students initiative and joyful learning, moreover, it also hampers the emancipation of teachers teaching thoughts and the play of teaching creation. This paper starts from how to establish a new relationship between teachers and students under the study context of knowledge-based economy, it thinks that the equality and interaction are the core factors of teacher-student relationship; it thinks that the establishment of the equal and interactive teacher-student relationship is of certain theoretical value to build a modern teaching force in elementary schools and create a cultural atmosphere of good and quality-oriented education development.Keywords: teacher-student relationship, equality, culture, teaching. 当前小学师生关系的现状与解析The situation and analysis of current teacher-student relationship in elementary school3. 对师生关系的调查与分析The investigation and analysis on teacher-student relationship为了对当前师生关系有更准确、更深入的了解，笔者采用问卷的形式对小学教师及学生进行抽样调查，并对结果进行分析。In order to get more accurate and deeper understanding to the current teacher-student relationship, the author carries out a sample survey to the teachers and students in elementary schools and analyzes the result as follows.<Table1> Teachers view to teacher-student relationshipOrderItemNo.%1Teacher-pupil relationship is equal.3848.72Teacher thinks the knowledge teaching is more effective.3342.33To actively talk with students3139.74Treat students with sincere, concern students study and life with heart. 4152.65Corporal punishment is no need for students. 2633.36Important factors in harmonizing teacher-student relationship Teacher4152.6Society2126.9Student1620.548.7的老师认为”学生和教师一样具有同等的人格和尊严，学生也有值得教师学习的地方”，确立了学生是”独立意义的人”学生观。48.7% of teachers believe that “ the students enjoy the equal personality and dignity as the same as that of the teachers, and they are of some values deserved learnt by teachers”, thus, it establishes a student value that student is “independent and significant person”.在认为影响构建师生和谐关系的最主要的因素方面，排在前三位的分别是：教师52.6、社会26.9、学生20.5。一方面反映出教师对自身价值和作用的肯定，另一方面也反映出当今影响师生和谐关系的社会因素比较突出。The top three factors among the main factors in affecting the construction of a harmonious teacher-student relationship are: teacher is 52.6, society is 26.9 and student is 20.5. On the one hand, it reflects teachers affirmation in their value and functions, and on the other hand, it also reflects that social factor in affecting harmonious relationship between teachers and students is prominent.在对待体罚问题上，认为”只要教育得法，根本不用体罚学生”仅占33.3，这里有几个问题必须引起共识：首先，体罚是错误的做法。其次，正确区分”体罚”与”惩罚”的界限。再次，要引导教师积极探讨有效的教育方式，倡导和谐教育和发展教育。When teachers deal with the corporal punishment issue, only 33% of them think, “ The punishment is never needed as long as the education method is proper enough”. There are some issues that must be paid attention to: firstly, the corporal punishment is wrong; secondly, correctly distinguish the boundaries between “corporal punishment” and “punish”; thirdly, to guide teachers actively explore the effective education methods and advocate a harmonious and development education.42.3%老师还是受到传统教学观念的影响，认为以单一讲授为主的教学方法更加有效。 42.3% of teachers, affected by traditional education concepts, think that the teaching methods dominated with single teaching method is more effective.<Table2>：students choices in three-type classroom teacher-student interactions 学生对三类课堂师生互动形式的选择OrderContent grade, choice No., percentageGrade three年级（128）Grade five（139）No.%No.%1Emphasize on tell-listen teaching强调教师讲学生听32.353.62Dominated mainly with questions and answers以师问生答为主32253021.63The guidance of teacher and teacher-student discussion教师引导，师生研讨9372.710474.8 强调教师讲学生听的师生互动形式最不受欢迎。绝大多数小学生不选择第一类课堂。The form that emphasizes on tell-listen teaching is the most unpopular one and the vast majority of students do not choose the first-type class. 以师问生答为主的师生互动形式得到少部分学生的认同。The teacher-student interaction, which is dominated mainly with questions and answers, receives the recognition of a small number of students. 教师引导、师生研讨的双向式师生互动形式最受学生青睐。有72.7%的三年级学生和74.8%的五年级学生选择第三类课堂，其中有一位学生同时选了1、2、3类课堂师生互动形式。The bilateral teacher-student interaction form of teacher guidance and teacher-student discussion is most welcomed by student. 72.7% of students in grade three and 74.8% of student in grade five choose the third-type class and one of these students elects all three types simultaneously.<Table3>：students expectation to teachers interaction学生对教师的互动期望Order序号Item项目Like (No.)%Note1微笑上课teaching with smile14697Three students make no choice.3人未选2上课管同学manage students in class302029 students from Grade 22年级29人3参与同学们的学习活动take part in students learning activities128854参与同学们的课外活动take part in students extracurricular activities13489 5家访沟通home- visit communication105706与同学谈话或以其它方式沟通talk with students or communicate in other methods12784.6 宽松、和谐的互动氛围。97%的小学生喜欢教师将微笑带进课堂，他们追求学习过程中的亲和感，追求在宽松、和谐的氛围中经历学习的过程。Relaxed and harmonious interactive atmosphere. 97% of students in elementary schools would like that the teachers could bring their smiles to class. They are in pursuit of the affinity in learning process and the learning process in a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere.师生双方共同参与的互动形式和内容。调查表明有85%和89%的学生希望教师与他们一起参加学习活动和课外活动，这说明以实践活动为前提展开学习活动，被广大学生认可和喜爱。 The interactive form and content participated by both teachers and students. The investigation shows that 85% and 89% of students hope that the teachers would like to join in their learning activities and extracurricular activities. This indicates that the learning activities, based on the practical activities, are recognized and loved by the majority of students. 扩大师生互动范围、增多师生互动方式。有70%和84.6%的学生喜欢在课堂之外更多地与师长沟通，而且还希望用谈话等有别于教师课堂授课的方式来相互沟通，这反映了信息时代人际交往的普遍性特点理解、互动。Expand the interactive scope between teachers and students and add more interactive methods between teachers and students. 70% and 84.6% of students like to communicate with teachers more outside the classroom, furthermore, they hope a mutual communication as a talk, which is much different to the teaching methods in class. This reflects the universal characteristic of personnel exchange in information era-understand and interaction.透过教师的困惑与学生的期待感到：师生关系问题的研究在社会变革与发展中既是一个古老的课题也是具有发展性的、必须展开研究的课题。When we look through the teachers confusion and students expectation: the research in teacher-student relationship is not only an old issue, but also a development and must study subject in social reform and development. 4. 互动是师生关系的重要内涵The interaction is important in teacher-student relationship.师生关系属业缘关系，它作为学校中一种最为重要的人际关系，不仅是构成教育的基本条件，而且是一种极为重要的教育教学变量。Teacher-student relationship is the occupation relationship and the most important interpersonal relationship in school. It is not only the basic condition in constructing the education, but also a most important teaching education variable.在师生关系中教师必须发挥主导作用，但这并不意味着教师可以凌驾于学生之上，真正意义上的师生关系的建立直接依赖于师生间的平等、尊重、合作，依赖于相互影响与交流。离开学生，离开学生的参与，离开师生间的互动互惠，师生关系就成了”空架子”没有存在的价值！ In teacher-student relationship, the teacher must play a leading role, but this does not mean he could override above the students. The establishment of true teacher-student relationship directly depends on the equality, respect and cooperation between the teachers and students, depends on the mutual influence and exchanges. The teacher-student relationship, if leaves away from the student, from the students participation and from the interaction and reciprocity between teachers and students, will become a “vacant shelf” and of no existent value any more!3.平等互动是现代小学师生关系的核心因素The equality and interaction is the core factor in modern teacher-student relationship in elementary school. 今天，我们身处其中的世界正在发生着深刻的变化，传统的农耕文明正在向工业文明、信息文明过渡，单一的以伦理文化为核心的社会文化已经走向了多样性、繁荣性，文化的保守性、封闭性转向于开放性、创造性。在教育改革与发展的进程中，一种新型的师生关系伴随着学生的期望、教师的探索正悄悄地走近我们，针对基础教育的实际情况，从平等状态、互动过程的角度研究师生关系问题，既具有时代性、研究性，也具有指导实践的意义。Today, the world we live in is undergoing profound changes; the traditional farming civilization transits to the industrial civilization and information civilization; the single social culture, which is centered on ethical culture, has already stepped towards the diversity and prosperity, and cultural conservative and closeness are forwarding the openness and creativity. In the process of education reform and development, a new teacher-student relationship, which is accompanied with students expectation and teachers exploration is quietly approaching to us. It is of epochal character and study character, as well as the significance to guide practice, when seen from aspects of equal status and interactive process based on the actual situation of basic education. 师生平等互动关系的透视与建构Perspective and constructing teacher-student equal and interactive relationship2. 师生民主平等是师生平等互动关系的基础Teacher-student democracy and equality are the basis of teacher-student equal and interactive relationship师生关系的核心，是将教师和学生看成是真正意义上的”人”。在民主平等的师生关系中，学生积极地参与学习活动，与教师相互尊重、合作、信任，主动、全面地发展并获得成就与价值体验。在校园生活中、在课堂上，教师应该把学生真正纳入到一种平等、理解、双向交流的师生关系之中。The core of teacher-student relationship is to view the teacher and student as the “person” in a true sense. In democratic and equal teacher-student relationship, the students actively take part in the learning activities, mutual respect, cooperation and trust with teachers, actively and comprehensively develop and gain the taste of success and value. Teachers, no matter in campus life or in class, should take the students into teacher-student relationship that is an equal, understanding and mutual exchange one.从学校教育意义上讲，我们必须坚持以人的发展为根本的教育目的，增强师生间民主平等意识，确立新的教师角色观；确立促进学生主动发展的学生观；在真正意义上实现师生民主平等。From sense of school education, we must adhere to human development as the fundamental purpose of education, enhance democratic awareness of equality between teachers and students, establish a new teacher concept; establish the student concept in promoting their initiative development; therefore, to realize the teacher-student democratic and equal relationship in a real sense.1)确立新的教师角色观 establish the new role of teacher随着知识社会的到来，学校的教育功能越来越复杂化、多样化，教师摆脱传统的知识占有者、经验传播者的角色观，了解社会对教师职业的新期待，对自己所担当的社会角色规范进行新的认识和体验，实现自身的社会功能，赢得学生的爱戴、社会的认可成为必然，教师必须立足当代。确立新的教师角色，应充分认识到以下几点：首先，教师是知识的传授者。其次，教师是生活的引路人。再次，教师是学生的朋友、伙伴。 最后，教师是学生的心理医生。 With the advent of the knowledge society, the function of education in schools is increasingly complex and diverse. The teacher should get rid of the traditional role as a knowledge possessor and experience disseminator, but must be based on the contemporary to get to know the new social expectation to teachers profession, new realization and experience in his/her social role, realizing social function so as to win the admiration of students and the community recognition. When one sets up ones new teachers role, one must be fully aware of the following points: teacher is the knowledge disseminator. Second. Teacher is the guidance of life. Third, teacher is friend and partner of students. Finally, teacher is the psychologist of the student.2)充分尊重学生作为教育教学活动主体的地位Fully respect the students position as the main body of the education and teaching activities.学生是教育教学活动的主体，它的意义在于：首先，学生只有在主动参与学习活动的过程中，在独立思考的状态下，通过尝试运用、分辨选择，才能真正吸纳所学的知识并内化为他们的能力与智慧。其次，教师只有遵循教育发展的规律，遵循学生身心发展的规律和不同成长阶段学生的认知能力展开教育教学活动，才可能使我们所从事的工作实现”把人类积累的生产斗争经验和社会生活经验转化为受教育者的智慧、才能与品德，使他们成为具有创新精神与实践能力的建设者和接班人”的目的。Student is the main body of the education and teaching activities, and its significance lies in: firstly, students can transfer what they have learnt into their capability and talent as long as they actively take part into the learning process and try to apply and distinguish under the independent thoughts. Secondly, teacher can transfer their work “ the accumulated production and struggle experience and social life experience” into the wisdom, talent and morality of the educated, only the teachers abbeys to the rules of education development, the rules of students physical and psychological development, as well as the recognition capacity of students in different growing stage when they carry out the teaching activities, so as to enable them to become the builders and successors with innovative spirit and practical ability.坚持这一观点，教师应在教育教学中通过增强学生的主体意识、发展学生的主体潜能、塑造学生的主体人格，与学生共同创设和谐民主的教育环境，使学生在接受知识、体验情感、发展智能的过程中主体性得到充分发展。If adhere to this view, the teacher should enhance students subject consciousness, develop students subject potentiality, shape students subject character and create the harmonious and democratic educational environment with students together, so as to enable students with fully d