职称英语考试综合类B级阅读理解密押试题字典版【最新版】 .doc

2015年职称英语考试综合类B级阅读理解密押试题字典版Composer 综合 B 阅读押题 1germsonComposer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes 机会只给有准备的人。 original works of classical music. It took Opportunities are only for the Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now prepared person. most people can't tell the difference between compositions from Cope's computer. 阅读文章通常有二种性质： It all started in 1980 in the United 1、 新出文章，通常比较规范，比较简 States, when Cope was trying to write an 单明了,容易得分。 opera. He was having trouble thinking of 2、 教材中文章一篇(所谓的押题)，通 new melodies, so he wrote a computer 常有两种情况。 program to create the melodies. At first this 1.比较规范， 比较简单明了,容易得分。 music was not easy to listen to. What did 2.很不规范，很难！不易得分！但真的 Cope do? He began to rethink how human 出现在卷子上时 往往会对提问及选 beings compose music. He realized that 项进改动，使其比较规范，比较简单明 composers' brains work like big databases. 了,容易得分。 First, they take in all the music that they 综合阅读押题 have ever heard. Then they take out the 2014 共 4 篇 music that they dislike. Finally, they make 文章 new music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are able to 第二十九篇 I'll Be Bach （综合 B ） create the database accurately, remember it, 2014 新增 26 课讲过 and form new musical patterns from it. 第十九篇 The Family（综合 B） Cope built a huge database of 第二十篇 Tales 传说 故事 of the Terrible existing music. He began with hundreds of 可怕的 Past（综合 B） works by Bach. The software analyzed the 第二十六篇 Seeing the World Centuries 世 data: it broke it down into smaller pieces 纪 Ago（综合 B） and looked for patterns. It then combined 已考过 the pieces into new patterns. Before long, 第三十篇 “Lucky” Lord Lucan 伯 爵 the program could compose short Bach-like - Alive or Dead（综合 B） works. They weren't good, but it was a start. 阅读重点文章 Cope knew he had more work to 2014 共 4 篇文章 do-he had a whole opera to write. He I'll Be Bach （综合 B） continued to improve the software. Soon it The Family（综合 B） could analyze more. complex music. He Tales 传说 故事 of the Terrible 可怕的 also added many other composers, including Past（综合 B） his own work, to the database., Seeing the World Centuries 世纪 Ago （综合 B） A few years later, Cope's computer program, called "Emmy" was ready to help 第 二 十 九 篇 him with his opera. The process required a I'll Be Bach lot of collaboration between the composer2 Composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer's musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work. Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn't like of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!germsonD It creates an accurate database. 4. Who is Emmy? A a database B a computer software C a composer who helped David D an opera 5. We can infer from the passage that A David Cope is a computer programmer. B David Cope loves music. C Bach's music helped him a lot. D Emmy did much more work th an a composer. 第二十九篇 I'll Be Bach Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer 注释： program that writes original 1.J.S.Bach：约翰.塞巴斯蒂安.巴赫(德语： works of classical music. It took Johann Sebastian Bach，1685 年 3 月 31 日 Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now -1750 年 7 月 28 日)，巴洛克时期的德国 most people can't tell the difference between 作曲家，杰出的管风琴、小提琴、大键琴 music by the famous German composer J. S. 演奏家，同作曲家亨德尔和泰勒曼齐名。 Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like 巴赫被普遍认为是音乐史上最重要的作 compositions from Cope's computer. 曲家之一，并被尊称为“西方现代音乐 作曲家大卫 科普发明了一个 之父” ，也是西方文化史上最重要的人物 电脑软件，它能编写出古典音乐的原创作 之一。 品。科普花了 30 年才 完成这个软件， 练习： 现在，科普的电脑写出的作品与德国著名 l. The music composed by David cope is ab 作曲家 J.S.巴赫写的作品很相似， 很少 有 out 人能分辨出其中不同。 A classical music. B pop music. C dr It all started in 1980 in the United ama. D country music. States, when Cope was trying to write 2. By developing a computer software, Davi an opera. He was having trouble thinking d Cope aimed of new melodies, so he wrote a A to be like Bach. computer program to create the B to study Bach. melodies. At first this music was not easy to C to write an opera. listen to. What did Cope do? He began to D to create a musical database rethink how human beings compose music. 3. What did Cope realize about a great comp He realized that composers' brains oser's brain? work like big databases. First, they A It forms new musical patterns all by itself. take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take out the music that B It writes a computer program. they dislike. Finally, they make new music C It can recognize any music patterns. from what is left. According to Cope, only 3 Composer the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it. 这一切始于 1980 年的美国，那时科 普正在写一部戏剧，但是他无法创作出新 的旋律于是他 编写了一个电脑软件来帮 他编曲。最开始的时候，软件写出的乐曲 并不动听。科普是怎么做的呢？ 他幵 始 重新考虑人们作曲的方式。他认识到作曲 家的大脑就像一个大数据库，他们先是吸 收他们 听过的所有音乐，然后去除他们 不喜欢的，最后再根据留下的音乐来创作 出新的旋律。科普认为， 只有伟大的作 曲家才能建立好的数据库，并且能熟记于 心，从而创造出新的音乐。 Cope built a huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data: it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They weren't good, but it was a start. 科普根据现有的音乐建立了庞大的 数据庳，最开始的时候，数据库包含了几 百部巴赫的作品。 科普的软件将这些数 据进行分析：首先它将音乐拆解成小的片 段，从中找出固定模式，然后将片 段组 合成新的模式。不久，这个软件就能够写 出和巴赫风格很像的小曲子。它们并不完 美，但这只是个开始。 Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more. complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work, to the database. 科普知道， 他要做的还有很多,他得写 出一整部歌剧。他进一步完善他的软件， 不久它就 能够写出更复杂的音乐了。他 还在数据库中加人了一些其他作曲家的 作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。germsonA few years later, Cope's computer program, called "Emmy" was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer's musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work. 几年后，科普的软件“艾米”已经能 够帮助他创作歌剧了。创作过程要作曲家 和艾米共同 配合。科普聆听艾米写出的 音乐片段，从中选取他认为好的。有了艾 米的帮助，科蓊只用了两个 星期就完成 了这部歌剧，叫做摇篮坠落 。演出获 得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以来最 高 的评价，但是没有人知道他究竟是怎 样创作出这部歌剧的 Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn't like of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days! 从那以后，艾米已经写了上千部作品。 科普现在依然会给艾米反馈，吿诉她自己 哪些音乐是 他喜欢的，哪些是不喜欢的， 但是现在大部分艰巨的工作是由艾米来 完成的！ 练习： l. The music composed by David cope is about A classical music. B pop music. C dr ama. D country music. 2. By developing a computer softwar e, David Cope aimed A to be like Bach. B to study Bach. C to write an opera.4 Composer D to create a musical database 3. What did Cope realize about a gr eat composer's brain? A It forms new musical patterns all by itself.germsonB It writes a computer program. C It can recognize any music patterns. D It creates an accurate databas e. 4. Who is Emmy? A a database B a computer software C a composer who helped David D an opera 5. We can infer from the passage that A David Cope is a computer programmer. B David Cope loves music. C Bach's music helped him a lot. D Emmy did much more work than a composer. 答案与题解： 1.A 第一段的第一句：David Cope 发明了 一个可以编写出古典音乐的电脑软件。 2.C 从第二段的第一句可以看出， David 编写电脑软件的目的是写歌剧。A、B 和 D 都属于创作歌剧的一部分。 3.D 第二段的后半部分讲的是伟大的歌剧 作者与一般的歌剧作者的不同之处是通 过对数据进行准确的构建、记忆而后创作 出新的音乐形式。 4.B 从第五段第一句可知 Emmy 是一计算 机软件。 5.D 从本文第一句可知 David 是一个作曲 家，不是计算机程序员，所以排除 A;B、 C 内容没有提及 ;从本文的第五段和第六 段可知，Emmy 大大提高了 David 的创作 速度，最后一句，大部分困难的工作都由 Emmy 来做，所以作曲家只干一小部分工 作。 第二十九篇 我也能成为巴赫 作曲家大卫科普发明了一个电脑软 件，它能编写出古典音乐的原创作品。科普花了 30 年才 完成这个软件，现在， 科普的电脑写出的作品与德国著名作曲 家 J.S.巴赫写的作品很相似， 很少 有人能 分辨出其中不同。 这一切始于 1980 年的美国，那 时科普正在写一部戏剧，但是他无法创作 出新的旋律于是他 编写了一个电脑软件 来帮他编曲。最开始的时候，软件写出的 乐曲并不动听。科普是怎么做的呢？ 他 幵始重新考虑人们作曲的方式。他认识到 作曲家的大脑就像一个大数据库，他们先 是吸收他们 听过的所有音乐，然后去除 他们不喜欢的，最后再根据留下的音乐来 创作出新的旋律。科普认为， 只有伟大 的作曲家才能建立好的数据库，并且能熟 记于心，从而创造出新的音乐。 科普根据现有的音乐建立了庞大的数 据庳，最开始的时候，数据库包含了几百 部巴赫的作品。 科普的软件将这些数据 进行分析：首先它将音乐拆解成小的片 段，从中找出固定模式，然后将片 段组 合成新的模式。不久，这个软件就能够写 出和巴赫风格很像的小曲子。它们并不完 美，但这 只是个开始。 科普知道，他要做的还有很多 , 他得写出一整部歌剧。他进一步完善他的 软件，不久它就 能够写出更复杂的音乐 了。他还在数据库中加人了一些其他作曲 家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。 几年后，科普的软件“艾米”已经能 够帮助他创作歌剧了。创作过程要作曲家 和艾米共同 配合。科普聆听艾米写出的 音乐片段，从中选取他认为好的。有了艾 米的帮助，科蓊只用了两个 星期就完成 了这部歌剧，叫做摇篮坠落 。演出获 得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以来最 高 的评价，但是没有人知道他究竟是怎 样创作出这部歌剧的。 从那以后，艾米已经写了上千部作品。 科普现在依然会给艾米反馈，吿诉她自己 哪些音乐是 他喜欢的，哪些是不喜欢的， 但是现在大部分艰巨的工作是由艾米来Composer 完成的！The Family 家 庭5注：该文中心即文章题目-家庭结构The structure 结构 of a family The structure 结 构 of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family ， consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family ; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. 在全世界，甚至在同一个社会中，家 庭结构有着不同的形式。家庭的构成形式随着 不断变化的社会和经济影响而改变。直到最 近，北美洲最普遍的家庭形式为核心家庭，由 一对夫妇和他们未婚的孩子构成。核心家庭是 一个独立的单位。它必须能够照料自己。家庭 成员紧密依赖着彼此。在紧急情况下，外界提 供给家庭的帮助微乎其微。核心家庭中，只有 当条件允许的时候，才会照料家中年长的亲 属。在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活，他 们一般住在退休社区和养老机构。 There are many parallels 相 同 的 between the nuclear family in industrial societies ， such as North America，and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits 因纽特人的，who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions， mobility allows the family to hunt for germson food. For North Americans， the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility. 在工业社会，例如北美洲，核心家庭之间 有很多相似点。在居住在恶劣环境中的因纽特 人的社会中，家庭间也有很多相似点。核心家 庭结构良好地适应于流动性的生活。在恶劣的 条件下，流动性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。对北美 洲人来说，找工作和提高社会地位同样需要流 动性。 The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian 农 业社会 time，the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents，mother and father，brothers and sisters，uncles， aunts ， and cousins. In North America today，there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced， separated， or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family， not just in North America, but throughout the world，continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions. 核心家庭并不总是北美洲人的标准。在农业社 会时期，小型的核心家庭经常是大家庭的一部 分。 其中可能包括了祖父母、 父母、 兄弟姐妹、 叔伯、 阿姨以及表兄弟姐妹。 在现在的北美洲， 单亲家庭的数目大幅度增加。由核心家庭构成 的单亲家庭的数目是美国由于离婚、分居或者 未婚导致的单亲家庭的两倍。不仅在北美洲， 在世界范围内，家庭结构都会随着不断变化的 条件而改变. 练习: 1. Another good title 题目 for this passage would be_. 3 分 本题问的是: 这篇文章的题目是什么? A) What Makes a Family? B) The Life of the Inuits. C) Living with Hardship.ComposerD) The Failure 失败 of the Nuclear Family.6 germson C) organization D) skill 词汇: nuclear /'nju:kh/ adj. 原 子 核 的 ， 中 心 的 harsh /ha:/ n. 严酷的 emergency /I'm :d nsI/ n. 紧 急 状 况 agranan / 'grerln/ adj. 土地的，耕地的 注释: 1. lt must be prepared to fend for itself. 它必 须能够照料自己。 2. In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. 在北美洲， 老 人很少和家人一起生活;他们一般住在退休社 区和养老机构。 3. In harsh conditions ， mobility allows the family to hunt for food. :在恶劣的条件下，流动 性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。 答案与题解: 1. A 本题问的是:这篇文章的题目还可以是 什么? A 的意思是是什么构成了一个家。B 的 意 思是因纽特人的生活。C 的意思是生活得 很艰难。D 的意思是核心家庭的失败之处。根 据文意，本文主要介绍了与家庭相关的信息。 B 不是主要内容。C 未提到。 D 未提到。因 此 A 是正确的答案。 2. A 本题问的是 :核心家庭的定义是什么 ? 根据第一段的第三句话:Until recently， the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children. 可知 A 是正确的答案。 3. A 本题问的是:这篇文章最有可能出自哪 里? A 的意思是人类学课本。B 的意思是生物 课本。C 的意思是数学课本。D 的意思是地理 课本。本文主要介绍了家庭，因此最有可能是 人类学课本。所以 A 是正确的答案。 4. C 本题问的是:第一段的信息主要以何种 方式陈述的?根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有 列 出数据或者讲故事，而是通过描述共性而 阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此 C 是正确的答 案。 5. B 本题问的是:mobility 的词意。Mobility1. 围着中心转 （先读有中心词的选项. 一般就是答案） 。 2. 先读容易的选项（读的懂的） ,先读短 的。2. A nuclear family is defined 定 义 （definition） as_.3 分 本题问的是:核心家庭的定义是什么? A) a married couple with their minor 未成年人 children B) a single father with，minor children C) parents，grandparents，and children D) parents，children，and aunts and uncles 3. The information in this passage would most likely be found 找到 in_.3 分 本题问的是:这篇文章最有可能出自哪里? A) an anthropology 人类学 textbook B) a biology 生物学 textbook C) a mathematics 数学 textbook D) a geography 地理学 textbook 课文里根本沒有,只能靠查字典推测。 4. The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through _. 本题问的是 : 第一段的信息主要以何种方式陈 述的? A) listing statistics 统计学 B) telling a story C) pointing out similarities D) pointing out differences 必须读懂第一段 4. C 本题问的是:第一段的信息主要以何种 方式陈述的?根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有 列 出数据或者讲故事，而是通过描述共性而 阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此 C 是正确的答 案。 5. The word “mobility”活动性, 灵活 性, 迁移率, 机动性 means _. 本题问的是: mobility 的 词 意 。 P849 movable 3分 A) money B) readiness to move germson 是 mobile 的名词形式。根据文中第二段，核 俄亥俄，但是她无法让自己从可怕的记忆中解 心家庭能够生存下去最重要的是能够有流动 脱出来。通过一系列的倒序和痛苦的回忆，读 性，而钱、组织或是技能都不是能够使一个家 者了解到赛丝为什么以及怎样逃出她赖以生 庭吃饱饭的必要条件。 因此 B 是正确的答案。 存的种植园，她那同样试图逃出来的丈夫的命 第二十篇 Tales 传说 故事 of the 运，以及最后发生在叫做宠儿的孩子身上的事 Terrible 可怕的 Past（综合 B） 情。莫里森对奴隶受折磨和遭谋杀的场景描写 讲述可怕的过去 得很生动，充分地表达出奴隶们的绝望以及奴 注：本文中心不好抓住，因其不是说 隶主的残酷。 明文，而是介绍两本关于奴隶的小说。该 Charles Johnson's Middle 文中心：小说宠儿与中途专门阐述 Passage approaches slavery from a different， 了奴隶制问题。 yet no less violent， vantage point. His main It is not the job of fiction 小说 writers to character， Rutherfprd Calhoun， is a ne'er-do-well analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing free black American who stows away on a slave about the past in a vivid and compelling manner， ship bound for Africa to collect its "cargo". Put to storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force work after he is discovered，Calhoun witnesses readers to consider them seriously. Among firsthand the appalling conditions in which the those taking on the task of recounting history are captured Africans are transported. When they some black writers who attempt to finally rebel and take over the ship，he finds examine slavery from different points of view. himself in the middle - and is forced to come to 分析和诠释历史并不是小说家的工作。 terms with who he is and what his values are. 然而通过用一种生动有趣的方式来描写过去， 查尔斯· 约翰逊的小说中途从另一个不 小说家可以重现早期时代，并引起读者的重 同的角度来描写奴隶制，但同样充满着暴力。 视。在叙述历史的作家中，有一些黑人作家试 他的主人公叫做卢瑟福· 卡尔霍恩， 是一个游手 图从不同的角度审视奴隶制。 好闲、身份自由的美国黑人。他偷偷登上了一 Nobel Prize-winning author Toni 艘开往非洲贩卖奴隶的船只。被发现后，他开 Morrison deals specifically with the legacy 遗 始为之工作，并亲眼目睹