【英语论文】小男孩在《老人与海》中的作用(英文).doc

小男孩在老人与海中的作用The Roles of the Little Boy in The Old Man and the SeaResearch PurposeAbstract During the 1920's a group of writers known as "The Lost Generation" gained popularity. The "Lost Generation" defines a sense of moral loss or aimlessness apparent in literary figures .The three best known writers among The Lost Generation are F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and John Dos Passos. Among those Ernest Hemingway plays an important role ,he wrote many novels,The Old Man and the Sea is the most famous .The Old Man and the Sea earned its author the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1952, and was instrumental in winning him the Nobel Prize for literature two years later.It tells the frustrated experience that the old fisherman fishes in the course. “But man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated” has been the classic saying and the old man also has been the most typical and the most representative of the Hemingways “tough guy”. "What the luck is I have a good man and a good boy, but recently the writers have forget these things".Hemingway said in the novel successful factors, Ceng Po as the great little boy and put on a par with the old man. Thus, the little boy Manolin in "the old man and the sea plays an indispensable role in the novel.So the work focuses on the roles of the little boy in the novel. It is him who helps to perform the theme of “grace under pressure”: and helps to show the old mans character. Secondly, as regards readers, it is him who moves, inspires readers and increases the appeal of the work. The little boys emotions for the old man inevitably impact readers emotions for the old man. Just due to the description of the little boy in the novel, the image of the old man becomes more vivid and the theme of the novel is more profound and moves more readers.Key words: the little boy, the old man, pressure，grace，emotion 在20世纪20年代，一群作家受到普遍欢迎-“迷惘的一代”。我们将”迷惘的一代“定义为缺乏勇气或是没有明确目标的文学形象。海明威，菲茨杰拉德和多斯阳索斯是最具代表性的作家。其中海明威起着举足轻重的作用，他写了许多小说，最著名的是老人与海。这部作品讲述了老渔夫捕鱼过程中的坎坷经历。“一个人不是生来就要被打败的，你可以消灭他，但就是打不败他。”已经成为至理名言，老人也成为海明威式“硬汉子”的最典型、最完美的代表。 “运气是我有了一个好老头儿和一个好孩子，而近来作家们已经忘记还有这些事情”。海明威在谈到小说成功的因素之时，曾颇为自得地将小男孩与老人相提并论。所以本文重在分析讨论小男孩在老人与海中所起的作用：是他帮助表现了“重压下的优雅风度”这一主题：充分体现了老人的性格特征，使老人的硬汉形象更为突出；其次，就读者而言，是他对读者发挥着打动和启发作用从而增强了作品的感染力，他对老人的感情潜移默化的影响着读者对老人的感受。正因为对小男孩的刻画，老人的形象才更生动，小说的主题才更深刻，从而小说打动了更多的读者。关键词：小男孩;老人;压力；优雅；性格；内心情感Research Background1.1 About the research background of the novel Hemingway has met the cold shoulder and attack in the sector which lasts for nearly a decade before 1952. To rescue the declining reputation, he publishes a new work, that is, The Old Man and the Sea. William Faulkner considers it as the most excellent work in this generation. Because of this work Hemingway wins the Pulitzer in 1952 and the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954 which push his writing career to the peak.1.2 About the plot of Novel It is a short novel about Santiago, an old Cuban fisherman who has gone for 84 days without catching a fish. Therefore, the boy, Manolin, who used to sail with him, is forced to leave him and catch in another boat. Nothing to Santiago drifting at sea 84 days later caught a tremendous Marlins (marlin), this is a fishing boat than his two feet longer the fish is towing vessels in two days and two nights after the full was stabbed to death of. The fate of the elderly did not seem to succeed, he encountered the shark, after a desperate struggle, leaving only a skeleton Marlins. Bones are the pillars of the spirit, Hemingway seems to Santiago did not let the success of the elderly but to the bare bones of the elderly to play the hardness of life. This story tells people a profound truth - people are not born for defeat, a person can be destroyed, but can not be defeated.Research Project2. The roles of the boy in The Old Man and the Sea 2.1 To Help Show the Old Mans PressureThe old mans pressure can be divided into four levels. In the beginning of The Old Man and the Sea, “he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish”2, it tells us the difficulties that the old man faces. If the author only uses the number to arouse the readers sympathy to the old man, it is not enough. In addition, the pressure it expresses is also not heavy. So Hemmingway gives the description of the little boy to increase the deteriorated situation of the old man. Thus the old mans feeling is more moving and particular tragic. Under such kind of pressure, his manner is more graceful and elegant. 2.2 To complement the Old Mans Character Hemingways “tough guy”, some critics pointed out that as the heroic manner is too conspicuous, which determined their actions is quite obvious and sometimes it caused the figures thinking abstract and isolated. However, in The Old Man and the Sea, the image of the old man is entire because the author arranges a little boy purposely and describes him in a great deal of details. Thus, the grace of the old man becomes more realistic and vivid, which of course should be attributed to the existence of the little boy.2.3“Tough guy”'s the source of strength In the old man's subconscious, the child is his life another stage, because a person can not dream of two himself, so he and the child be together morning and night, his " dream never dream of children." Children are the parents of the children decide to leave, the elderly do not let the child embarrassed, so don't let him follow her, don't let the boy his old bad luck, the child repeatedly asks to hold back, even though the old man 's failure was placed in front of real confirmed old failed, old times back to it, but always stop child. He is not afraid of failure, contempt for failure, courageous in the face of failure, because the little boy at heart, Santiago is a "God" of " fishing "," out of the ordinary ." The little boy's appearance is not an essential ornament, has its symbolic meaning, is the future of human life extension to maintain, is tough, do not bow to fate of the source of strength. Santiago is from children to be firm and inflexible fighting continues, he realized that "if the child, I had finished this point does not admit no" in struggling with life, thinks of a few times a child, "if the child in here!" All have children, there pain and joy will be disaster and hope, human society will health interest rate, endless.3.The roles in moving and inspiring readers 3.1The little boys sympathy and concern in the beginning The boys sympathy for the old man is very simple and plain: “the old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him” The boy remains concerned about the old man after getting lucky in another boat. He can not feel happy even when he gets achieves quite good grades because of the old mans hardship, which reflects the boys sincere emotion for the old man. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty. He wants to return to the old man. After the old mans several rejections, he still wants to help the old man to do something. It is unbootable that the boys deep and simple emotion has branded deeply in the mind of the readers by the first impression. 3.2 The little boys respect and worry in the second stage The little boy shows his respect for the old man all the time. He memorized the past experience of lucky and unlucky together with the old man, he regards the old man as the best fisherman, an unusual fisherman. The boys respect to the old man does not reduce because of the old mans frustration. It is the boys encouragement in spirit that support the old man to go on struggle impregnably. Later the old man realizes that if it is not the child, he has already finished.3.3The little boys affirmation in the outbreak stage The old man returns from the sea exhausted and ragged both in physically and mentally, enduring all kinds of hardships and difficulties in three days, he catches a big fish which has a special meaning for him, unfortunately, the big fish is gnawed by sharks and left a pair of huge skeleton. But the boys eyes do not stay on the pale skeleton only; he perceives the success that the old man ever achieved from the failure.4. Conclusion we can see that Santiago is Hemingways “tough guy”, the little boy is essential to express that in two aspects: in helping to show the old mans so-called “grace under pressure” and to move and inspire the readers. It is not exaggerated to say that the work could not be the work we see now without the child. Without such a character, the theme of the novel could have weakened and the image of the old man could have greatly reduced. The other role is that he moves and inspires the readers. The emotion of the little boy for the old man is through the whole work. With the emotional change of the little boy for the old man, readers emotions for the old man become stronger and stronger. The image of the little boy is clear and discernible in readers mind. The more description of the boy, the stronger feeling we feel about the old man. The little boy helps enrich the content of the novel and increases the appeal of the work. From the discussion, it is obvious the little boy plays important roles in the novel. Bibliography1.Carlos. Baker. Hemingway: The Writer as Artist, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 19722. Kenneth Graham. “commentary” in York Notes: The Old Man and the Sea. Beijing: World Publishing Corporation, Beijing, 19913. K Singer. “Hemingway: Life and Death of A Giant”. Holloway House Publishing companyM, 19634. P camapuh. “The Old Man and the Sea”, Moscow, Foreign language Publishing HouseM, 19635. William Faulkner. “Shnandoah” (1952), in Hemingway, The Critical Heritage, ed. Jeffrey Meyers, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston and Henley, 1982,p.414.6.Hemingway's Extended Vision: The Old Man and the SeaB Sylvester - Publications of the Modern Language Association of , 19667 Scott, Donaldson. The Cambridge Companion To Earnest Hemmingway. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社，20008常耀信.美国文学简史. 天津: 南开大学出版社 , 19909刘斌范. 外国文学史. 青岛：山东大学出版社, 200310吴劳等译.老人与海. 上海：世纪出版集团上海译文出版社， 2001.