Research in the Language Characteristics of English newspapers英语毕业论文.doc

Research in the Language Characteristics of English newspapers 摘 要 报刊内容涵盖美英国内外大事及各行各业，真是上知天文下知地理，无所不包，是一部活的百科全书，其词汇量和词义名也必然广阔无边。在信息时代里，阅读英文报刊是获取信息的主要渠道之一，但是英文报刊文章不同于一般文章。它已经形成一种实用性很强的功能语言，并借自己的特点成为语言运用形式的一个组成部分。 报刊主要是通过文字反映我们这个变化莫测.色彩斑斓的世界的，英文报刊用的是一种特殊的英语文体报刊英语。顾名思义，所谓报刊英语，主要指英美报刊.乃至英美记着或专栏作家作品中所使用的英语。集体来说，对于究竟什么是报刊英语，语言学者和英语新闻工作者似乎都没有下国确切的定义。报刊英语是一门时间性很强的学问，有自身的特点，主要表现在四个方面。首先“快”，是指某一新事物或某一新概念的表达能很快的在当代报刊中出现。第二“新”，是指表达新事物，新概念的新词大多是率先出现在英文报刊中，而流传于世。其次“俗”，是指报刊英语通俗易懂，简洁明快，有别于诸如科技英语，体育英语，经贸英语等较深奥费解的各行类“行业英语”。最后.“广”，是指报刊英语所涉及的体裁很广。英文报刊是一种重要的信息传播手段 承载着及时准确地向广大读者传递国内外最新信息的任务 , 阅读英文报刊成了我们获得国际最新信息的主要渠道之一, 报刊作为大众传媒, 受大众性、 节俭性、 趣味性、时新性和客观性等诸多因素的制约, 因此, 新闻写作人员在编写新闻报道时在语言运用上形成了独具特色的风格。 掌握英文报刊的语言特色有助于提高对英文报刊文章的理解与欣赏。关键词：英文报刊 语言特色 研究Abstract Newspapers covering important matter and all walks of life of the United States and the United Kingdom , whose is really know astronomical knowledge of geography and everything be contained , a living encyclopedia, his vocabulary and meaning also inevitable boundless. In the information age, reading English newspapers is a main source of information, but the articles in English newspapers is different from the general articles. It has formed a kind of very practical function of language, and become an integral part of language forms by their own characteristics, therefore, to master English newspaper language features helps enhance the understanding and appreciation of English newspapers. The press is mainly reflect the changeable constantly colorful word through the text .English newspapers is used a kind of Special English style - English newspapers. As the term suggests, the so-called English newspapers mainly refers to the use of english of the English press the works of American Journalist and columnist. Collective, for what English is, English language scholars and journalists did not appear to be the exact definition. English is the knowledge of the strong time,and have their own characteristics, mainly manifested in four aspects. The first" fast", refers to the expression of a new and a new concept can appear quickly in newspapers contemporary. Second" new", refers to the expression of new things,the new words of new concept in English newspapers are mostly first appeared, and spread to the world. Third" vulgar", refers to the English newspaper simple, concise and lively which is different from the English sports such as science and technology,business English more impenetrable row of class" industry english". Finally." Wide", refers to the English newspaper covered the wide genres. English newspapers is an important means of information dissemination,it carry the task of the latest information which promptly and accurately transfer to the readers at home and abroad , reading English newspapers is one of the main channels of getting the latest international information , newspapers as mass media are constrained by popular, thrifty, fun, stylish and objectivity etc , therefore, in the preparation of news reports,the form of news writing staff ' writing language form a unique style. therefore, to master English newspaper language features helps enhance the understanding and appreciation of English newspapers.Keyword: English newspapers Language characteristics Research Contents摘 要IAbstractIIContentsIII1 Introduction12 Language of English Newspaper Concise22.1 Language of English newspaper ellipsis22.2 Using abbreviation2 2.3 Using the simple word and phrase22.4 Multiple modifiers instead of phrase and clause2 2.5 Uing metaphor and synecdoche.2 2.6 Uing thestructure of embedded.2 2.7 Preposed attributive.23 Language of English Newspaper Precise and Concrete.33.1 Analogy word-formation33.1.1 Digital analogy33.1.2 Antisense analogy3 3.1.3 Approximate analogy.3 3.1.4 Location decision space analogy.3 3.1.5 Clor analogy.33.2 Blending words3 3.2.1 Head of the first word and tail of the end word.3 3.2.2 All of the first word and tail of the end word.3 3.2.3 Head of the first word and all of the end word.3 3.2.4 Head of the first word and head of the end word.34 Language of English Newspaper Iively and Interesting.44.1Loanwords.44.2 Using figarative words4 4.3 Using along and jargon. 45 Language of English Newspaper Novel and Flexible5 5.1 Using new words. 5 5.2 The using idimos lively.5 5.2.1 Shrinkage.5 5.2.2Expansion.5 5.2.3Apply mechanism.5 5.2.4 cannibali zation.5 5.3 Using eyphemism.56 Conclusion 5Acknowledgements6Bibliography71 Introduction The task of English newspapers is effective dissemination of information to the reader. English newspapers is understanding the current international situation - the important windowof foreign culture,whose access to the latest scientific and technological knowledge and the primary means of information, also to learn and master ideal material of the modern English. English newspapers has a wide range of topics, novel content; modern language, idiomatic use.A variety of English news publications: newspapers and magazines. electronic paper and electronic journal and so on.The genre of English newspapers lock carrier article is complex ;for example spure news report, interpretative reporting, investigation reports, accurate reports, features ,the editorial letters from readers and advertisement and so on. Different newspapers have different working style, different types of articles also have different language characteristics. Therefore, news publication language features is not easy to make a comprehensive overview. This paper is mainly to news publication of the most common and representative genre - news reports, but also the main spure news reportnewspapers as the research object to analyze the English newspapers characteristics in language . Newspapers as a mass media, is restricted by popular, thrifty, fun, stylish and objectivity and many other factors, therefore, language form became a unique style by news writing staff in the compile news reports. 2 Language of English Newspaper Concise The layout is valued by the news writing personnel, newspaper required news writing personnel inside limited space to provide as much information as possible, the reader reads a newspaper to cherish the time, hope in a very short time to get the information, which requires the news writing personnel in writing news reports concise text and sentence selection. Therefore, news writing personnel often take the following means to concentrate. Concise sentences.2.1Language of English newspaper ellipsis The omission mainly embodied in the writing of news headlines. News writing personnel usually used to the way of omission to write the headlines,which make the dapper, needs a number, it points out the theme of the article or news of the most valuable part of the contents. The first reading of foreign people is not understanding the title omission, so often feel difficult comprehension. News headlines are often omitted the following ingredients: 1 omit function words. In the news title,adopt content words and function words omitted. The most of ellipsis is articles and verb" to be", the more is a preposition,auxiliary verbs and pronouns and conjunctions.）1 Such as: Italian Ex-Mayor Murdered ( An Italian Ex-Murdered ); Alaskan Oil for Japsn? ( Will There Be Alaskan Oil for Japan? ) ; Man quizzed after wife is knifed in sports store. ( A manis quizzed after Hiswife is knifed in a sports store ) but it draw attention to little of the articles can be omitted. Such as: West Point Makes a Comebock ( make a comebock is a fixed collocation, the indefinite article cannot omit ); How America Sees the World ( World said" the world", the article can not be omitted). 2" And" is often instead of a comma. Such as: Big Crimes, Small Cities ( Big crimes and Small Cites ); Woman Kills Husband, Self ( A Woman Kills Her Husband and Herself )3 Using a colon instead of meaning verbs,an auxiliary verbs and other verbs. Such as: Owen: Watch Me Get Better ( Owen Says Watch Me Get Better ).4 Such as the title that some noun instead of adjectives as attributive often neither verds noconjunctions, so double save effect. Such as: Bread Price Rise ( A Rise in Price of Bread ); Shrp Refugee Rise ( A Sharp Rise in Arrivals of Refugees ).2.2Using abbreviation The development trend of English is simplified gradually that reflected the overlapping phenomenon at the lexical level is many acronyms emerge. As needs of brevity, concise language, in news reported everywhere you can see that use the frequency of abbreviations the higher.The abbreviations of News English are mainly acronyms and clipped words. In English newspapers( in the title or in the article ), The frequency of the acronym abbreviation of some political. Military. Economy. Cultural and educational and other important institutions are higher.Such as: OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO : North; WHO : World Health Organization; EU: European Union IOC : International Olympics Committee and so on. English newspapers are also commonly used other forms of abbreviations - clipped words, such as: Exam: Examination; Vets: Veterans; Auto: automobile; quake: earthquake; gas: gasoline and so on.On one hand the using abbreviations can reduce the layout, anther easy to readers.2.3Using the simple word and phrase Using a simple word and phrase are the one of the news word feature. Newspaper column is narrow that if the use of long words,words fee is complex, especially the title, not only cost but also not beautiful. Therefore, news writing people tend to choose simple word,phrase to write news content. Opened today American newspaper, we can be found that in the title, the simple words and short words are everywhere. Listed below are the use of high frequency of simple words and phrases in part of news English.Such as：assail:to criticize strongly(Soviets Assail US on A-tests);back:to support(Unions Back Peace Move);ban:prohibition(Bus Ban on Pupils after Attack on Crew);trim:to cut(Senate Trims Budget);weigh:to consider(Reagan Weighs Tax Increase);stem:to prevent or stop(Rainy Season Stems Refugee Exit);sack:dismiss from a job(Jail Chief Sacked);office:an important government position(Minister Quits:Tired of Office);ink:to sign(Thailand.Malaysia Ink Sea Treaty);top:to exceed(Post Office Profits Top$40M);probe:investigation(Case Probe);accord:agreement(Dayton Accord);balk:to refuse to accept (Union Balks at Order)and so on。there are many similar to simple words in English newspapers articil, no longer listed here.Beginners are familiar with these words and their special significance that understand the article and title will be helpful.2.4 Multiple modifiers instead of phrase and clause According to the traditional English grammar,before a noun,only one to two modifiers is usually allowed, if there are two or more than two modifiers which usually use a prepositional phrase or clause, but journalist save space often break with tradition to save space.such as：air-space management system，membership action plan，breast cancer surgery etc.（On the contrary to the traditional English grammar linguists to save space to use different. Some people criticize the attributive noun which caused comprehension difficulties, readers often difficult determine semantic understanding from the surface, must contact the deep structure to understanding; some people praised that attributive nouns can be condensed sentence, save space, avoid procrastination complex sentence. Some linguists propose that in using nouns as attributive is best not to accumulate more than three. In order to accurately report the news, news writing personnel usually select the specific word）such as: “ The man strangled his wife.” strangle (by squeezing the throat ofis specific word which instead of kill。2.5Using metaphor and synecdoche In mondem English newspapers, news writers commonly used rhetorical devices which metaphor or synecdoche make concentrated, concise sentence to save space, avoid duplication purposes. For example: the whole event and place are represented by the name of region and country, the government is represented by Seat of government,the government and sate are represented by the capital,a certain people are represented by the name of animal. The following lists are metaphors in newspapers commonly: White House: the United States or the United States government, London: Britain or the British government, Beijing: China or the Chinese government, dove: dove, dove, adhere to moderate line, Hawk: hawks, militant, hard-line, Elephant: the United States republican，Vietnam: Gulf: the Vietnam War, Gulf War, Bosnia: the Bosnian war, North: industrial developed country, South: industry developed countries, West: Western countries, etc. If the commonly using metaphors are not familiar in newspapers, it will cause that the reader understand difficulty. So, as much as possible to know and master metaphor words which the newspapers often use is necessary.2.6 Using the structure of embedded In order to inside limited space to convey more information, news reports extensive use of embedded structure. Parenthesis is the most common forms in the structure of embedded,