最新全国大学生英语四级模拟试题 (278).doc
大学四级模拟142Part WritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of advice to your cousin about how to spend the first winter holiday in college. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1、锻炼身体和平衡饮食2. 哪个是保持健康的最佳办法3. 我的观点Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Inspiration for Your Kids A parent, or anyone else who interacts regularly with kids, knows that communicating effectively with them can be difficult. If you want children to grow up into the best possible versions of themselves, it's crucial to replace damaging words in your vocabulary with alternatives that help build character. Some of the things parents say to kids seem harmless or even constructive on the surface, but, experts say, they may hurt more than help. Here are some aspects under our consideration.1. When the kid deserves praise For years, we've been told that boosting a child's self-esteem is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can backfire (事与愿违). Praise-aholic tykes who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends when offered a joint or asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car. The implication of saying "You're the prettiest girl in class," or talking about the goals she scored but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores the highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom. Social psychologist Carol Dweck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for "trying hard" did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those lauded for being "smart" "Praising attributes or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that trait, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges," says Dweck, now at Stanford University. "They figure they'd better quit while they're ahead."2. When the kid asks more to take back home Does your child really need one more video game or doll? Of course not. But by repeatedly saying money is the only reason he or she can't have something, the parent may be sending the message that money is the source of all things good in life. Couple that with the marketing blitz everywhere they turn, and children will never get the meaning of excess or gratitude. "You want your children to have the sense of abundance until the age of fivenot in a material way, but in the sense that what you do have brings joy," says Marcy Axness, PhD, a child development specialist and founder of quantumparenting. com. Finances are one of the few topics parents shouldn't feel a duty to discuss or explain, especially with younger kids, Axness says. "If every request is met with a legal brief as to why they can't have it or go there, you will end up with a child who is going to negotiate with you." Don't be afraid to say to your little one, confidently and cheerfully, "No, sorry. Case closed." If it's your older, money-wise child who's asking? Sit down with tier and Work out together how she can make the purchase happenas a reward for improved grades, say, or by buying it with an allowance for doing extra chores. The process of talking it through matters more than how much each contributes.3. When the kid is upset When a child comes home upset about being teased by classmates or not winning a medal at the swim meet, it's only natural for parents to overlook his disappointment and offer consolation (安慰). Adults know that such setbacks are minor. "But kids need to learn how to express feelings, work through them and move on, as opposed to trying to make them go away without expression," says Panaccione, an expert on children development. If children feel that they shouldn't have feelings or that their feelings are bad, they'll start to lock them inside and fail to adopt healthy coping strategies, she says. On the other hand, kids shouldn't wallow in bad feelings. A question like "Why do you think this happened?" or "Do you have any ideas about what you can do to make it better?" may give them encouragement they need to deal with situations on their own. Says Mel Levine, MD, a professor of pediatrics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: "A parent gives more comfort by listening than by talking. If you simply resonate with your child's mood, then you'll have a child who's always willing to come to you and bare her soul."4. When the kid talks to strangers Kids today need to, and do, talk to strangers all the timeat the store checkout, on the bus, in the doctor's office. This antiquated catchphrase is no substitute for a serious one-on-one about the real risks. First, parents need a reality check: Despite the sensational stones, eases of children snatched off the sidewalk by total strangers and never seen again are extremely rare. Just 1 percent or fewer of all abductions happen that way. Meanwhile, children are frequently victimized by people they know well, including authority figures. That's why it makes more sense to tell kids to be watchful of anyone, stranger or acquaintance, who makes them feel at all uncomfortable. Parents of kids who spend time on the Internet should warn them against giving information that would identify their whereabouts, such as their last name, address or school name, advises James Beasley, an expert on child predators for the FBI. And kids should always tell their parents about new online buddies, especially those who ask if the child is willing to keep a secret.5. When the kid doesn't want to share You'd never hand the keys to your sports car to the guy next door. But that's what you're asking your children to do when you tell them to share a toy. "Young kids don't distinguish clearly between themselves and the objects they own, like their teddy bear or favorite toy train," says psychologist David Elkind, PhD, a professor at Tufts University and the author of The Hurried Child. "So in effect you're asking them to give away part of themselves." In extreme cases, if a child is forced to give up prized possessions over and over, the separation becomes so painful that he may avoid forming attachments to people, Elkind says. Kids don't really begin to grasp the concept of sharing until age eight or so. Before then, it's still important to begin conveying nuggets (至理名言) of selflessness. One solution is to put your child's name on the toy before you take it out of his hands, so he knows you're not forcing him to give up ownership.2、 Praise, if too much can lead to an unexpected effect opposite to out intention.3、 Telling kids we appreciate their effort is better than saying they are just smart.4、 To prevent kids from asking more toys, it's better to explain to them the toys are not things necessary in rife.5、 It's wise to discuss With older children on how they can get the things they want instead of complaining that things Cost much.6、 It's enough for parents to undermine the importance of things when their kids are upset for them.7、 Just listening to the kids when they are upset is more effective than encouraging them to deal With the situation.8、 It's parents' duty to keep their kids alert to strangers who leave unpleasant impressions on them.9、 Parents should warn their kids not to reveal basic identity information to strangers when they are _.10、 Children don't want to share their toys because they can't tell clearly the difference between _.11、 A possible way to make a kid hand out his toy is to _.Part Listening ComprehensionSection A12、 A) A new restaurant. B) A new hotel. C) A new hospital. D) A new library.13、 A) It was a waste of time. B) It was exciting. C) It was disappointing. D) It was expensive.14、 A) Student and teacher. B) Doctor and Patient. C) Classmates. D) Sister and brother.15、 A) The man supported the woman's proposal this morning. B) The woman's back hurt during the meeting. C) The woman's proposal was sent back. D) The man's support would have helped this morning.16、 A) He could ask Mr. Blake for the Smiths' phone number. B) He would give the Smiths a phone call. C) He should invite the Smiths instead of Mr. Blake. D) He should invite Mr. Blake as well as the Smiths.17、 A) Apply for the job. B) Spend his pocket money. C) Eat at the fast-food restaurant. D) Hire part-time waiters.18、 A) She should move to another place. B) The neighbors probably won't turn down the music. C) The neighbors will play different music. D) He doesn't think the music is particularly loud.19、 A) They are discussing how to celebrate the coming Christmas holidays. B) They are discussing whether the woman should buy the new dress. C) They are discussing when the woman will attend the meeting. D) They are discussing what to do after the Christmas holidays.20、 A) Korean Disney Land. B) The beauty of Dalian. C) What to prepare for a trip. D) Where to go for the vacation.21、 A) To give some suggestion for the coming trip. B) To share some experience with him. C) To lend some money to him. D) To go with him for the coming trip.22、 A) Yunnan Province. B) Dalian City. C) Korea. D) Not decided yet.23、 A) The transportation cost. B) The spicy food. C) The snow mountains. D) The far distance.5、 A) They watched the end of the race, B) only three of them didn't finish the race. C) Most of them didn't run. D) They participated in the last three races.Section B25、 A) Human brains differ considerably. B) The brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence. C) An environmentally handicapped person won't attain his due level of intelligence. D) Environment is important in determining a person's intelligence.26、 A) 85. B) 100. C) 110. D) 125.27、 A) It can be predicted at birth. B) It stays the same throughout his life. C) It can be increased by education. D) It is inherited from his parents.28、 A) Some jobs are more suitable for men than for women. B) Women should take care of the practical aspects of childcare. C) Cleaning, washing and ironing are women's work. D) There should not be such things as "women's work".29、 A) It depends on individual circumstances. B) Housework should be done by women. C) Housework should be done by the one who do not have a job. D) Housework should be done by other part-time workers.30、 A) To share with others her experience. B) To show her husband. C) To prove a previous point. D) To show her abilities.31、 A) Women are more capable of handling housework. B) It's tree that men are often physically stronger than women. C) Women should also try to do electrical repairs. D) Women should not do housework at all.32、 A) They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke. B) They do not realize the danger they are in. C) They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise. D) They mistake the firefighters for monsters.33、 A) He travels all over America to help put out fires. B) He often teaches children what to do during a fire. C) He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community. D) He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.34、 A) He saved the life of his brother choking on food. B) He rescued a student from a big fire. C) He is very good at public speaking. D) He gives informative talks to young children.35、 A) Firefighters play an important role in America. B) Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters. C) Carelessness can result in tragedies. D) Informative speeches can save lives.Section C Have you ever seen a movie in which a building was burned down or a bridge was (36) ? Have you seen a film in which a train (37) or a ship sank into the ocean? If so, you may have (38) how these things could happen without harming the people in the film. The man who knows the answer is the "special-effect" man. He has one of the most important jobs in the film industry. He may be (39) to create a flood or to make a battlefield (40) But he may also be asked to create a special effect which is much less exciting, (41) just as important to the success of the film. In a (42) for one movie there was a big glass (43) filled with water in which small fish were swimming. The director of the movie wanted the fish (44) Then the director wanted the fish to stop staring and swim away. (45) . It was quite a problem. The special-effect man thought about this problem for quite a long time. (46) First he applied electricity to the fish bowl, causing the fish to be absolutely still. Then he rapidly reduced the amount of electricity, allowing the fish to swim away. Thus he got the humorous effect that the director wanted.Part Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A Barack and Michelle Obama understand the heavy burden of student loan debt. The Obamas did not pay off their student loans until Obama's best-selling books earned them millions of dollars. With the cost of a college education (47) , more than 60% of students take out loans to fund their undergraduate education. On average, students who borrow graduate with debts of 22,700-a (48) of more than 18% from 2000. But some of those with a newly acquired bachelor's degree are restrained with debts of 40,000 or more. You think this economy's tough? Try finding a job with the (49) of repaying tens of thousands of dollars in debt. Now, a new federal program-Income-Based Repayment-is making it (50) to pay back these loans. If a student chooses to repay her or his loan with this plan, payments are then readjusted-based on their income to something they can (51) afford. All debt will be forgiven after 25 years. A graduate who earns less than 150% of the (52) line won't have to make any payments. This is in addition to the year-old Public Service Loan For-giveness program for those (53) in jobs such as law enforcement, public health and social work. Their loans will be forgiven after 10 years. This (54) isn't perfect; the loans have to be federal loans, not (55) But students with more than one federal student loan can combine them under the program. In some cases, borrowers with large debt and low-to- moderate incomes may benefit at the end of 25 years, with the (56
