英语专四听力 DICTATION 100.doc

1. Education in ChinaEducation in China today has been developing rapidly./ In many provinces, it is compulsory and free. /Most children start school at the age of six. /They attend 5 years of elementary school /and 6 years of high school. /After graduation from high school, /a student can start his higher education in a two-year college, a four-year college, a university, or a specialized professional school. / Most colleges admit students on the basis of their entrance examination records. /The cost of a college education is not very high. /And the greater part of it is met by their families, / though students can get support from their college. / Many students receive scholarships from the school, / the government, or private foundations and organizations. /Though great progress has been made in China in the field of education, /there is still a comparatively large part of the population in the country who cannot read and write. / (150 words)Words and Expressions:1. compulsory adj. that must be done because of a law or a rule 2. attend vt. to go regularly to a place 3. elementary adj. in or connected with the first stages of a course of study 4. scholarship n. an amount of money given to sb. by an organization to help pay for theireducation 5. comparatively adv. as compared to sth. / sb. else 2. DreamsDreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and the strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Few events more than two days old turn up. Deep wishes or fears, especially those held since childhood, often appear in dreams, and many dreams fulfill such wishes. Events in the sleeper's surroundings, a loud noise, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause dreams.Some dreams involve deep feelings that a person may not realize he has. Psychiatrists often use material from a patient's dreams to help the person understand himself better. Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotional adjustment. (137 words)Words and Expressions:1. minor adj. smaller, less important 2. incident n. event, esp. one of less importance than others3. appear vi. come into view, become visible 4. fulfill v. perform or complete a task, duty, etc.5. emotional adj. of or relating to emotion 3. EmotionsAccording to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a person's thoughts.Everyone has emotions, but many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion. (136 words)Words and Expressions:1. psychologist n. student of or expert in psychology 2. emotion n. excitement or disturbance of the mind or (more usu.) the feelings 3. remove v. take sth./ sb. away from one place to another 4. attack v. make a violent attempt to hurt, overcome or defeat sb./ sth. 5. arouse v. cause (sth.) to appear; awaken 4. Re-employment of Laid-off WorkersThe issue of re-employment has emerged with large numbers of surplus labourers having been laid off. There is no doubt that it would lead to endless trouble if the surplus were not reorganized properly. In order to maintain social stability and to secure people's normal living standards, it is essential to work out solutions to the problem. Solving the problem is a two-way operation as far as the government and workers are concerned. On the one hand, the government at all levels should try every possible means to create a wide range of employment options open to laid-off workers; on the other hand, these workers ought not to sit idle and wait for opportunities to come. So long as they don't lose heart and constantly strive to better themselves, their futures will be bright. (134 words)Words and Expressions:1. re-employment n. act of employing again2. surplus n. amount left over after one has used all that one needs; amount by which money received is greater than money spent 3. stability n. quality or state of being stable 4. concern v. be about (sth.); have as a subject5. constantly adv. continuously; frequently 5. Describing PeopleFaces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-even an animal, such as a pigeoncan learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someones personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone's personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a "nice face" looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a "nice person", you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly and warm. (162 words)Words and Expressions:1. fingerprint n. mark made by the tip of a finger on a surface and used for identifying people, esp. criminals 2. recognize v. know sb. I sth. again 3. personality n. characteristics and qualities of a person seen as a whole4. describe v. say what sb. I sth. is like; depict sth. in words 5. considerate adj. careful not to hurt or inconvenience others; thoughtful6. Physical ActivityMost young people enjoy some form of physical activity. / It might be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. / It might be a game of some kind like football, hockey, golf or tennis, or it might be mountaineering. /Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. / Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? / This astonishment is probably caused by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure. /If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a "team sport". / We should be mistaken in this. / There are, it is true, no "matches" between "teams" of climbers. / However, when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope / on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork. / (160 words)7. The Clever Man NasreddinAn old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man: he quickly spent all the money, and soon he had nothing left. Of course, when that happened, all his friends left him. When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles."My money is finished and my friends have gone," said the young man. "What will happen to me now?""Don't worry, young man," answered Nasreddin, "Everything will soon be all right again and you will soon feel much happier."The young man was very glad. "Am I going to get rich again then?" he asked Nasreddin."No, I didn't mean that," said the old man. "I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends." (151 words)8. A Man and His CarA man was traveling abroad in a small red car. One day he left the car and went shopping. When he came back, its roof was badly damaged.Some boys told him that an elephant had damaged it. The man did not believe them, but they took him to a circus which was near there. The owner of the elephant said, "I am very sorry! My elephant has a big, round, red chair. He thought that your car was his chair, and he sat on it!" Then he gave the man a letter, in which he said that he was sorry and that he would pay for all the damage.When the man got back to his own country, the customs officers would not believe his story. They said, "You sold your new car while you were abroad and bought this old one!" It was only when the man showed them the letter from the man at the circus that they believed him. (163 words) 9. The SunA long time ago people thought that the sun went round the earth. In some countries people even said that the sun was a god. They thought the god drove across the sky each day on a golden horse. Now we know the earth goes round the sun. It takes the earth a year to go all the way round the sun. Today men even know how far it is for the earth to go round the sun. They tell us that the earth travels over a thousand miles a minute on its journey round the sun.The sun is really a star. It is much bigger than the earth and it is very hot. Some people have been to the moon but we know that no one can ever go to the sun. It is far too hot for people to live anywhere near it. The sun is three hundred thousand times heavier than the earth and more than a million times larger. ( 164 words)10. Can Animals Be Made to Work for Us?Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs. They say that in a film, or on TV we may see elephants, or monkeys, dogs, bears, or other animals doing a lot of things. If you watch carefully, you may find that those animals are always given something to eat in return for doing them. The scientists say that many different animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get something to eat in return. Of course, as we know, dogs can be used to guard a house, and elephants can be used to do some heavy jobs. And we can also teach animals to work in factories. Apes, for example, have been used in America to help make cars and scientists believe that these large monkeys may one day get in crops and even drive trains. (162 words)11. Man's Best FriendAlmost everyone likes dogs, and almost everyone likes reading stories about dogs. I have a friend who has a large police dog. Its name is Jack. Police dogs are often very clever. Every Sunday afternoon my friend takes Jack for a long walk in the park. Jack likes these long walks very much. One Sunday afternoon a young man came to visit my friend. He stayed a long time. He talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk. But the visitor still stayed. Jack became very worried. He walked around the room several times and then sat down in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid no attention. He continued talking. Finally Jack couldn't stand it. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down again in front of the visitor but this time he held the visitor's hat in his mouth. (162 words)12. CommunicationYou speak, write a letter, make a telephone call. Your words carry a message. People communicate with words. Do you think you can communicate without words? A smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly. Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad. When you raise your hand in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions. You shake your head, and people know you are saying "No". You nod and people know you are saying "Yes". Other things can also carry messages. For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus to take. A sign on the wall of your school helps you to find the library. Signs on doors tell you where to go in or out. Have you ever noticed that there are a lot of signs around you and that you receive messages from them all the time? (155 words)13. Weather and MenEverybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it. It is true. People usually begin their conversations with "Isn't it a nice day?" "Do you think it will rain?" "What a fine day!" etc.Many people think they can tell what the weather is going to be like. But they rarely agree with each other. One man may say, "Do you see how Cloudy it is in the east? It's going to rain tomorrow." Another man will say, "No, it's going to be fine tomorrow."People often look for the weather they want. When a farmer needs water, he looks for something to tell him it's going to rain; he won't believe anything else. When friends have planned a trip, they are sure the weather is going to clear up very quickly.Almost everyone listens to what the weatherman says. But he doesn't always tell us what we want, and once in a while he makes a mistake. (161 words) 14. A Selfish ManSmith was a landlord. He loved money very much and never gave anything to anybody. One day the landlord was walking along a river with his friends and fell into it. He cried, "Help! Help!" One of his friends held out his hand and said, "Give me your hand and I will pull you out." But he did not give his hand to his friend. Then another of his friends tried but the same thing happened. Just then a farmer came over and saw all this. He knew the landlord very well. He said to the others, "Let me try." He held out his hand and said to the landlord, "Take my hand and I will pull you out" Hearing this, the landlord took the farmer's hand, and in a minute